Japanese loquat extract application. Loquat fruit - health benefits and harms

Do you know what a medlar is? What is it - a musical instrument, an oriental beauty or a delicacy? Or maybe medlar fruit? Hearing this sing-song name, one immediately recalls the song “Brichmulla” by Sergei Nikitin, the oriental bazaar, chased dishes, baklava, churchkhela, mysterious unexplored medlar stand in front of your eyes. But since one cannot live in ignorance, it is worthwhile to thoroughly understand this unfamiliar concept.

What is medlar

What is a medlar? There are many names for this cute fruit: Japanese eriobotria, loqua, biwa, shesek. First of all, medlar is fruit tree reaching in the wild 10 meters of the Pink family, the Yablonev subfamily. Despite the fact that there are many varieties and bred varieties, there are about 1000 of them in China, and about a hundred in Algeria and the Iberian Peninsula, Japanese medlar and Caucasian (German) are distinguished. Japanese - biwa (lokva), being an evergreen tree, has also become widespread in landscape design.

Where does it grow

The climate where the Japanese loquat grows is milder and more humid than that where the Caucasian (Germanic) grows. Although the tree itself is winter-hardy and withstands short-term cold snaps. China is considered its homeland, from which it was brought to Japan, where it has been growing for more than 1000 years. The distribution area is extensive: China, Japan, Asia, warm Mediterranean countries: Spain, Israel, Algeria, and the Black Sea coast: Turkey, Abkhazia. Caucasian variant found in the Balkans, northern regions of Iran and Transcaucasia. This plant prefers mountainous terrain, and was originally grown in Europe for ornamental purposes.

What is this fruit

So, what is this fruit that grows from the Japanese archipelago to the Atlantic? Japanese title biwa fruit, also called the national plucked instrument, of the lute family, resembling a rounded shape. In color and size, the fruits of the loquat resemble.

Taste

The taste of fruits is fresh, juicy, depending on the degree of ripening and variety, sweet, sweet-sour or slightly acidic, reminiscent of ripe pear, meaty .

As it is

When choosing a loquat, you must definitely pay attention to the skin. It should be free of cracks, damage and stains. Because are of the greatest value fresh fruits, in the process of harvesting they are removed in clusters along with the stalk. Brushes are cut with a knife or secateurs. After the fruit is separated from the brush. The pits are removed before the fruit is eaten. When using the Caucasian medlar, which has a dense hard peel, the fruits are also cleaned of it. Peeled fruits are eaten fresh, added to fruit salads sprinkled with grated coconut. Medlar contains a significant amount of pectin, so excellent jams and curd are obtained from it, compotes are boiled, added to liqueurs and tinctures.

In Spain, this fruit is used as main ingredient for making sauces for meat Eastern countries chutney with medlar, cloves, cinnamon and is popular.

What does a medlar look like

Loquat grows on evergreen trees of medium size 4-7 meters, due to dense pubescence, the inflorescences have a reddish gray color, resembling panicles in appearance.

The leaves of the medlar are thick, hard, leathery with clear veins, rich dark green in color with a short stalk.

Flowering is slightly fragrant.

The fruits of the medlar are collected in bunches of 5-30 pieces. Most often it is a bright yellow fruit 3-5 cm in size.

Peel - yellow, orange, rarely red. Fruit pulp - from white color to yellow with an orange tint.

Beneficial features

Medlar (lokva) has a rich vitamin composition, thanks to which it is a very popular product in Japan. And as everyone remembers, the Japanese are famous for their longevity. In this fruit a large number of water, more than 80%, it perfectly quenches thirst, and low sugar content, so it will not affect your figure in any way. The triterpent contained in it stimulates the production of insulin, so medlar can be eaten by people with diabetes. Active substances, such as phytoncides, inhibit the growth of bacteria and microscopic fungi.

The ground medlar bones are brewed in the form of coffee, or beaten with a whisk into foam, which is added to ready meal. Lokva is the most valuable honey plant in the subtropical climate.
Medlar is useful not only in terms of nutrition. Souvenirs are made from reddish wood, kitchen utensils. The bark and leaves are used for tanning leather.

Medlar cannot be plucked from a tree and eaten immediately, like an apple. The fruit will be inedible. He needs to be allowed to lie down in cool place until it is soft and brown.

The medlar fermentation process was invented by botanist John Lindley in 1848. In the process, the fruit's cell walls break down, converting starch into sugars and reducing acids and tannins. After that, the hard and bitter fruit becomes sweet. In this form, medlar was eaten in Britain hundreds of years ago, and the Greeks and Romans used it even earlier. Medlar was used to improve digestion and replenished with it. vitamin reserve in winter time.

The composition and calorie content of medlar

Composition 100 gr. medlars as a percentage of the daily norm:

Calorie content of medlar - 47 kcal per 100 gr.

Caucasian medlar was used as medicinal plant in the Middle Ages. The pulp and syrup helped with intestinal disorders.

The benefit of medlar is that it strengthens the immune system and takes part in many metabolic processes in the body.

Medlar helps muscles recover faster after physical activity thanks to iron. It supplies the muscles with oxygen. If this does not happen, then they lose their elasticity.

fruit governs blood pressure and improves heart function. Potassium is involved in the processes of hematopoiesis and strengthens blood vessels.

Regular use of medlar prevents vision loss, thanks to high content vitamin A.

Adding medlar to the diet cleanses digestive tract from toxins - the fruit is often added to diets for weight loss.

How to choose a medlar

The fruit should not be eaten immediately after harvest. He should lie down in a cool place. When it becomes soft and brown, and tastes like a pleasant sour taste, then it is ready to eat.

When buying medlar, choose those fruits that look “rotten”. Be sure to determine the degree of suitability of the fruit by touch.

If you grow medlar in the garden, then you can not pick fruits from trees for a long time. They are only afraid of frost.

How to store medlar

Ready-to-eat loquat can be stored in the refrigerator for 1-2 days.

Store medlar in one layer on dry sand or paper. You can pre-dip the fruit in concentrated saline solution to prevent the formation of mold and rot. The fruits can be used to make delicious fragrant jelly, in desserts and for winemaking.

The benefits and harms of medlar depend on the frequency and moderation of use. This unpretentious fruit is undeservedly forgotten and underestimated today.

On the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains grows a small evergreen tree native to Asia - medlar - beneficial features and the contraindications of this plant have long been studied traditional healers. The exotic fruit has a bright rich aroma and sweet-sour juicy, astringent, tart taste. The use of medlar has a beneficial effect on human immunity. Berries have antioxidant properties, remove toxins, have an anti-inflammatory effect, and help the body cope with certain diseases faster.

What is medlar

Evergreen thorny tree or shrub with small orange fruits, which are collected in brushes of 10 pieces, is called medlar. The plant belongs to the rose family. The homeland of the shrub is China, India, the Himalayas. In Russia, it is grown in Sochi and the Crimea. The tree can grow up to 7 meters in height, its bark is covered with thorns. Oval leaves are leathery, large, felted on the shady side. Small flowers of a yellow or white shade grow singly, have strong smell. small fruits yellow color covered with edging, have a pear-shaped, oval, round shape.

The fruit has a delicate pulp and a pleasant sour taste reminiscent of an apple, strawberry and pear. fruit with unusual name is tasty and at the same time useful - it can cure a person of many diseases, saturate the body with essential trace elements and vitamins. Unripe medlar contains tannins, so it is often used for leather dressing. And from the noble and beautiful brown-red wood they produce interesting crafts.

What does a medlar look like

Fleshy, large fruits can be different forms: pear-shaped or spherical. The thin skin of orange or yellow is easily removed, revealing a juicy tender pulp, inside of which there is one or more brown seeds. Berries grow in clusters up to 12 pieces on each. The most common varieties are:

• Japanese medlar (loqua, nispero, shesek). The evergreen tree has large leaves and yellow-orange fruits resembling apricots. It begins to bloom from September to November, and the fruits ripen in June. The Japanese variety does not tolerate frost. The taste of fruits with sourness, a bit like a pear. It is useful to use the berries fresh, after cleaning them from the skin. Photos of ripe fruits can be found on the gardeners website.
• Medlar Caucasian (German). low tree with long large leaves. The pulp is sweet and sour, tart taste. The fruits are brown or red in color with small inclusions. True, such a fruit becomes if it is frozen. Therefore, berries are harvested at the end of autumn. German medlar can be seen growing in the Balkans, in Iran, there is also a tree in the Crimea. Due to the wide distribution on the peninsula, another name for the German variety is often found - Crimean medlar.

Compound

The medlar fruit is similar in composition to an apple, it contains vitamins PP, C and P, ascorbic acid to help increase protection against viruses. At the same time, the beneficial properties of the fruits of an evergreen tree differ significantly from healing features apples, so the plant has a beneficial effect on digestion. In addition, the calorie content of medlar is only 45 kcal per 100 g of product, so the fruit is often used in diets. The plant also contains:

• tannins;
• sugar;
• fruit acids;
• phytoncides;
• provitamin A;
• aromatic substances;
• pectins.

How is medlar used

The fruits of an evergreen plant can be eaten processed, but better in fresh. The fruit is actively used for making juice, delicious jam, compote, jam, oriental sweets, alcoholic beverages(liqueurs, wines). Less commonly, they make syrup, sherbet, and candy fillings from berries. They also use salted and pickled fruits as a snack. Fruit sauces go well with sausages, meat dishes, scrambled eggs, pancakes, puddings. Seeds also have an excellent use - they are used to make a high-quality coffee surrogate, which is not inferior in taste to the original.

Often used in medicine japanese loquat- The beneficial properties of the plant help to normalize digestion. Fully ripe fruits perfectly cleanse the body of toxins and toxins. The plant in the form of tinctures is used to treat asthma, colds. A decoction of the leaves is used for bleeding or diarrhea. The fruits are effective in cosmetology in the form of lotions, masks, extracts and as an anti-inflammatory, emollient, tonic. Wood is also valuable, and tannins found in leaves and bark are indispensable in the manufacture of outerwear.

Beneficial features

Thanks to its balanced unique composition, medlar is very healing - it has beneficial properties for people who suffer from diseases such as hypertension, asthma, bronchitis. The leaves of the shrub help with diabetes. Unripe fruits provide invaluable assistance in kidney diseases. The Japanese medlar plant is useful during pregnancy, fruits strengthen the woman's body, supply the body with the vitamins necessary for the full development of the child. What is useful medlar? Regular consumption of fruit strengthens the immune system and contributes to:

• saturation of the body with microelements;
• stabilization of the digestive system, purification of vascular and liver toxins;
• relief from colic in the intestines;
• removal of stones from the kidneys;
• fixation with diarrhea (immature fruits) or relaxation with constipation;
• excretion of sputum in diseases respiratory system;
• reduce the risk of oncology;
• increasing the body's resistance to viral infections;
• pressure stabilization;
• blood clotting;
• lowering sugar;
• prevention of strokes and heart attacks.

Healing properties of leaves

There are useful substances both in the fruits of the medlar and in the leaves of the plant. As a rule, decoctions, infusions are made from them, which are taken to treat bronchitis, asthma, inflammation. respiratory tract. Leaf extract helps to cope with rashes and inflammation on the skin. Great benefit medlars at diabetes, because the plant helps to increase the amount of insulin, which has a positive effect on the well-being of the patient. In addition, the leaves

• help with diarrhea
• prevent premature aging;
• prevent the occurrence of strokes, heart attacks;
• reduce "bad" cholesterol;
• remove salt from the body;
• normalize arterial pressure;
• used to treat cough.

Bones

The seeds from the fruits of the plant also have useful properties. If the seeds are pre-dried and then ground, you get a surrogate that tastes like coffee. At the same time, the drink has a tonic property. A tincture of seeds, honey and alcohol quickly relieves pain and helps with asthma. Due to the fact that the seeds contain a small number of toxic substances, they can only be consumed in processed form: fried, dried, ground.

Medlar to maintain a slim figure

All recipes for weight loss, as a rule, are aimed at stabilizing work. gastrointestinal tract and removal of water. Medlar is fully consistent with these goals. The use of fruits from this tree strengthens the intestines, cleanses the body well and saturates it. useful substances. Biochemical composition fruit will help not feel hungry. It is useful to use fruits in fasting days, because The fruit is low in calories and rich in fiber. The medlar diet should be only one day a week. It is not recommended to consume more than one kilogram of fruit.

Medlar in cosmetology

exotic fruit often used in cosmetic purposes. The juicy pulp of the fruit helps fight acne and various rashes, smoothes wrinkles, moisturizes and nourishes the skin, and brightens pigmentation. A cream based on medlar extract can increase skin elasticity and firmness. The tonic from the leaves is good at fighting irritation on the face and other parts of the body.

A mask of evergreen berries will make the skin smooth. Fruit-based tonic lotion helps fight acne, blackheads, and inflammation on the face. To prepare it, you only need to mix 250 grams of fruit with a glass (100 ml) of vodka. This mixture should be wiped on the face. Store the lotion in a cool, dark place or refrigerator.

Medlar in folk medicine

The beneficial properties of the evergreen plant have been known for a long time. You can find many recipes with medlar in folk medicine. For example, a decoction prepared from unripe fruits is used to treat urolithiasis. If you make a decoction of the leaves, then you can drink it as a fixing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and antioxidant agent. Some healers recommend eating the fruit to relieve kidney disease. And to cleanse the body of toxins, you can use this recipe:

1. Need to take big spoon dried leaves, place them in a thermos.
2. Next, pour the mixture with half a liter of boiling water.
3. The liquid should be filtered after three hours.
4. Received healing decoction should be consumed 50 ml 20 minutes before meals.
5. A cleansing course should be carried out once every four months for two weeks.

In diseases of the stomach, you can make a decoction of dried seeds. To do this, you need to take 2 tablespoons of ground seeds and 500 ml of water. Everything must be placed in a saucepan and put on slow fire for 20 minutes, cool a little and drink half a glass on an empty stomach. Medlar can still stop internal bleeding. To do this, use 50 ml of decoction during each meal.

Contraindications

The unripe fruits of the plant are contraindicated in people who suffer peptic ulcer, inflammation of the pancreas, gastritis with high acidity. It must be remembered that with such diseases it is not recommended even to drink Fresh Juice from medlar, but jam and jam made from fruit, on the contrary, have a beneficial effect on the stomach. With caution, it is necessary to introduce fruits into the diet of children, because. they can provoke an allergic reaction. In addition, berries cannot be used:

• with open wounds;
• people with individual intolerance to the product;
• with rosacea and eczema;
• with inflammation on the skin;
• breastfeeding women;
• with cholecystitis.

When to pick fruit

Exotic fruits, growing in Russia, as a rule, are harvested in late autumn. This is especially true of the Caucasian variety, because. sour taste fruit after frost changes to sweet, they become soft. Should choose ripe fruit medium size, not hard and not quite soft, without dark spots. Medlar has a short shelf life, while it is practically not subject to transportation.

How to eat

To useful nutrients entered the body faster, the berries should be eaten fresh, while not forgetting to remove the bones. The most delicious are those fruits that have been hanging on a tree for a long time, bright, medium-sized, without spots. The little ones are often sour. You can peel the peel or eat with it. Marmalade is made from berries, jam is cooked, compotes are prepared and alcohol tinctures, dried, used in desserts. Even after being processed, the fruit does not lose its beneficial properties, and dishes from it restore the microflora and improve digestion.

Video

Loquat fruits, which are imported from Central Asia and the Caucasus, have amazing gastronomic and healing properties. before sweet juicy pulp simply impossible to resist, which makes the fruit valuable for culinary delights. And there is not a single part of a marvelous plant that would not be beneficial: the fruits are eaten raw and boiled, the seeds are ground and brewed as a drink, the leaves are used as compresses, and even wood is suitable for souvenir work.

Chemical composition

Listed valuable properties loquat gives its chemical composition.

The energy composition of the fruit is as follows:

• lipids - no more than 0.2 g;
• proteins - 0.4 g;
• carbohydrates - 10.3 g (sucrose and fructose);
• dietary fiber - 1.7 g;
• ash - 0.5 g;
• water - more than 86 g.

Also, the fruits are rich in valuable vitamins and other useful elements:

• B vitamins (almost all), beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, PP;
• macronutrients (sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium);
• trace elements (manganese, selenium, zinc, iron, copper);
• antioxidants;
• tannins;
• phenols;
• organic acids;
• polyunsaturated fats.

The calorie content of medlar is up to 47 kcal per 100 g, which makes the plant suitable for diet food.

Useful properties of medlar

The balanced composition of the fruits allows them to be used to strengthen the immune system and treat a number of diseases. The pulp of the plant produces the following effect:

1. Reduces sugar levels in diabetes (including gestational) and at the same time increases the natural secretion of insulin.
2. It facilitates the discharge of sputum in case of bronchitis and colds, and phytoncides in the composition eliminate inflammation in the respiratory system.
3. Helps to safely lower blood pressure.
4. Allows you to remove small stones from the kidneys and urinary tract.
5. It is a natural diuretic, allowing you to remove excess fluid from the body and reduce swelling.
6. Improves digestion, relieves intestinal colic and stimulates gastric motility.
7. It removes poisons, toxins, heavy metal compounds, radionuclides and harmful cholesterol from the body, thereby cleansing the liver and blood vessels.
8. It has a firming effect in case of diarrhea (green fruits) or, on the contrary, promotes relaxation in case of constipation (ripe fruit).
9. Increases the protective properties of the body, and also prevents the development of myocardial infarction, stroke.
10. Antioxidants in the composition reduce the risk of developing a malignant process, and also slow down the processes of cell oxidation (prevention of acidosis).
11. Normalizes metabolism.

Vitamin A and C in the composition strengthen the heart muscle and stabilize blood pressure, normalize blood clotting, and reduce the risk of bleeding.

The fruits are also used in cosmetology to improve the condition of the skin, hair and nails. Antioxidants and beauty vitamins (A and E) start the processes of cell rejuvenation and regeneration, polyunsaturated fats help restore the hydrolipid balance, and phytoncides and esters help relieve irritation and reduce skin inflammation. Masks and shampoos with medlar make hair unusually soft and light, nourish the roots and reduce hair loss. Baths for nails help to lighten the nail plate and heal hangnails.

For men, medlar helps to speed up the metabolism, which contributes to more effective workouts and active fat loss. Berries also clean blood vessels from cholesterol and atherosclerotic plaques well, restore their tone and elasticity, which helps to quickly restore the body after prolonged smoking.

Interestingly, not only the fruit itself is eaten, but also its seeds and leaves.

The seeds are finely ground in a coffee grinder and then cooked. valuable drink, By palatability reminiscent of coffee. It perfectly tones, cleanses blood vessels and stabilizes blood pressure.

Loquat leaves are valued for a rare natural absorbent - amygdoline. It is he who binds and removes from the body various toxins, free radicals and chemical compounds that come with alcohol or cigarettes, industrial products. A decoction of the leaves is advisable to take with food and alcohol poisoning, intoxication, hepatic diseases (cirrhosis). Leaves are eaten in the form of herbal decoctions, alcoholic infusions, as an ingredient in jam. In this form, the plant helps to get rid of intestinal and renal colic, improves digestion, facilitates breathing in rhinitis and sinusitis, and alleviates cough in asthma and bronchitis.

Leaves must begin to be collected at the end of summer, and fruits in September. It is noteworthy that after heat treatment, the medlar does not lose any useful components and medicinal properties.

Medlar and diet food

In Asian countries, the valuable potential of the fruit for body shaping has long been recognized. First of all, it contributes low calorie along with satiety and the presence dietary fiber. One handful of fruits can kill your appetite for several hours and normalize digestion, but you won’t get better at all, because medlar contains only complex, long-digestible carbohydrates and absolutely no fats.

Medlar is great as a dietary food - for this, replace daily snacks with fruits. Fasting days on fruits are also effective (once a week you can sit only on them and water to completely cleanse the body). Attention, on the day of unloading, more than 1000 g of medlar should not be eaten.

Dietary fiber contributes to the removal of toxins and feces - minus 1 kg excess weight. You lose another 1-2 kg due to the diuretic effect - it leaves the body excess water and salt, puffiness decreases.

Healthy Recipes

For many CIS countries, medlar is considered an outlandish fruit, so there are not so many cooking recipes.

Let us give an example of several medicinal options for the preparation of fruits and leaves.

1. Fruit infusion. Remove the seeds from the medlar (4 pcs.) And grind the pulp with a blender or fork. Pour the resulting mixture with 100 ml of vodka. If it is possible to crush the seeds, then you can also add them to the fruit consistency. Insist in a dark, cool place for 5 days, then strain and consume 1 spoonful before meals.
2. Leaf decoction. It is necessary to take 1 tablespoon of crushed (chopped) fresh leaves and pour a glass of boiling water. Infuse for an hour, then strain. The remedy is taken in 50 ml after meals, which allows you to saturate the body with vitamins and stimulates digestion. For the treatment of ulcerative conditions, colitis or gastritis, 3 tablespoons of the decoction should be drunk half an hour before a snack. You can also rinse your mouth with a decoction to prevent bleeding gums and periodontal disease.
3. A thick decoction of the leaves. For 10 g of crushed plant, 170-200 ml of boiling water is taken. The broth is infused in a thermos, after which 2 tablespoons are consumed 15 minutes before meals. The concentrate is used for diarrhea, as well as to stop internal bleeding. If you can't cook fresh leaves, then a dry collection is taken, which also needs to be brewed in a thermos, but not less than 3 hours.

Contraindications and harm of medlar

1. Diseases of the digestive tract in the acute phase. It is not recommended to eat fruits with remission of ulcers, gastritis, enterocolitis and colitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, hyperacidity. With caution, you can eat fruit in heat treatment (soufflé, jam, decoction), as well as in the form of marmalade, dried fruit.
2. Childhood. If the child has never tried medlar, then it is necessary to give one fruit and look at the reaction of the skin and mucous membranes. An allergic reaction is possible in children if there is a history of intolerance to certain berries or citrus fruits. Pediatricians recommend introducing fruits into the diet for children from 1.5 years old.
3. Lactation. It is not recommended to use medlar during breastfeeding, as diathesis is possible in a child.

It is also necessary to take into account the following features fruit:

1. The immature fetus is very acidic, can aggravate internal bleeding, stomatitis in oral cavity and also cause constipation.
2. Overripe medlar loses its valuable properties.
3. Fresh fruit seeds are poisonous (contain hydrocyanic acid), so they need to be lightly fried before use.

Oriental delicacy is actively used in cooking, where it reveals all its gastronomic potential. Sweet berry perfectly emphasizes the taste of pastries and jams, and thanks to the sourness you can get gourmet sauce to meat. Besides, daily use delicious fruit helps to strengthen the immune system, improve digestion and cleanse the body.

Video: the benefits of medlar

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