Who invented shawarma. But what about the sauce? Vegetarian shawarma with spinach

Shawarma is eaten everywhere, but different peoples she owns. Let's talk about the difference between gyros and fajitas and quessadillas and burritos. Doner kebab The most popular fast food in party Berlin. Made from any meat except pork. Add fresh and pickled cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs and onions. Sometimes you can choose a sauce - yogurt, tomato, etc. Lavash with shish kebab In Armenia …

Shawarma is eaten everywhere, but different nations have their own. Let's talk about the difference between gyros and fajitas and quessadillas and burritos.

1. 1. doner kebab

The most popular fast food in party Berlin. Made from any meat except pork. Add fresh and pickled cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs and onions. Sometimes you can choose a sauce - yogurt, tomato, etc.

1. 1. Lavash with barbecue

In Armenia, they will give you karski shish kebab wrapped in thin lavash. This is a barbecue marinated in vodka or cognac, which is fried, alternating with lard.

1. 1. Durum

The same doner kebab only in thin pita bread. They say that this is a doner for girls, because it is more convenient to eat and does not splash juice at you from all sides.

1. 1. Gyros

Greek shawarma with French fries, garlic, oregano and Greek yogurt tzatziki sauce.

1. 1. Brtuch

A type of Armenian shawarma, it is also called burum, brduch, brduj and brtunch. You can shove whatever you want into it - eggs, meat, sausage, etc., the main thing is that there be greens and salty cheese.

1. 1. Burrito

Made from a wheat tortilla, inside which is minced meat, beans, cheese, tomatoes, rice, avocado, sour cream or chili-based salsa. A deep-fried burrito is called a chimichanga.

1. 1. Enchilada

If you take a burrito with not wheat, but with corn tortilla, and fry it in a pan or bake it, you get an enchilada. Be sure to add chili.

1. 1. Taco

Burrito from Mexico. Anything is put into a corn or wheat (less often, mainly in the north of the country) tortilla: meat, chicken, beans, seafood, fish, vegetables, chorizo ​​sausage and cactus. Served with herbs, guacamole and salsa. They eat tacos with their hands, having previously folded the tortilla in half.

1. 1. Tantuni

A kind of Turkish doner, but it seems to be tastier than the classic one. The difference is that chopped boiled veal is added inside, and the bread or flat cake is soaked in meat juice.

1. 1. Quesadilla

Based on the words "queso" (mex. - cheese) and "tortilla". A tortilla folded in half is filled with cheese and then fried until the cheese is completely melted. Chorizo ​​sausages, mushrooms, meat, potatoes and vegetables are sometimes added there.

1. 1. Fajitas

Also from Mexico. Faja is "strip" and you guessed it, the tortilla here is filled with sliced ​​long strips and grilled meat and vegetables. Invented a dish on the border with Texas. But if there was a wall on the border, we would not have fajitas.

1. 1. Pancake with meat

Well, here you know everything.

1. 1. kati roll

Indian fast food. IN wheat cake paratha is stacked stuffing, mostly in vegan India, without meat.

Answered by Yesenia Pavlotsky, linguist-morphologist, expert of the Institute of Philology, Mass Media and Psychology of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University.

A dish of pita bread stuffed with meat, some Russian speakers call shawarma, and others shawarma.

And many are convinced that only one of the options can be true. Two very similar yet different words for the same thing - that's kind of weird, we think. There is such an idea: if the distortion is insignificant, then it is the result of an error.

And if none of these words is a mistake, then their similarity must be explained by something. However, with this similarity shawarma And shawarma it seems like they are not synonyms, because synonyms have a similar meaning (and not the same); and they are not paronyms either, because paronyms, with such similarities, have different lexical meanings.

Really, shawarma And shawarma designate one object, have one meaning, although they are perceived almost as different words. (There are native speakers who consider shawarma to be some other dish or a comic distortion of the word shawarma.)

In science there is a concept denotative meaning. For example, denotation words mainland are Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Australia. So, shawarma, shawarma, doner kebab, doner kebab, Just doner, and shawarma, shaorma, shuarma is one object of reality. Yes, we are talking not about synonyms, but about absolute synonyms.

Words shawarma And shawarma are doublets, that is, they completely replace each other (although this is not such an unambiguous question today, but more on that later).

The fact is that when borrowing these words, certain processes took place - the same ones that were presented to our language. mattress And mattress, putty And putty, and comforter And burner. In general, absolute synonyms that look like paronyms are not a new phenomenon for our language system.

This happens, among other things, because a word can exist in several languages ​​at the same time even before borrowing. And as soon as a new object of another culture appears in someone's culture, everyday sphere, this object can “pull up” several words from the language practice of different peoples at once. Often this is well tracked by names: for example, Angelina and Angela have successfully coexisted in Russian for many years.

So, out of all this variety, only two have “settled” in the Russian language. known variants — shawarma And shawarma.

After each of the words received territorial consolidation: now the farther from the Northern capital, the less shawarma and more shawarma in the speech practice of native speakers. This is explained in different ways, but more often by the fact that in Moscow there were more native speakers of the language in which the dish is called exactly shawarma, and in St. Petersburg there are more of those who speak their native language shawarma.

That is, both words today are in the same row as front / entrance And file / multifora. Of course, none of them is wrong.

IN Lately There are two processes associated with these words:

1. They are gaining autonomy as the practice has spread to cook different recipes and call one type shawarma and the other shawarma;
2. Words began to appear (natural for such a geographical stratification) connotations, that is, associated values. For example, Siberians very often pronounce the word shawarma ironically, deliberately singling it out as someone else's (with front door the same).

At the same time, today only the word shawarma. Shawarma not yet in the authoritative normative dictionaries. Linguists argue that this is temporary, since the word shawarma does not contradict the signs of the norm and, by the way, is phonetically more convenient - the Russian language diligently avoids the confluence of two vowels.

Today, a strict norm instructs us in certain styles of speech and in certain contexts to use only the word shawarma, but the tendency to change in this case is very strong.

Getting more and more popular every year juicy dish using fragrant lavash. In most Slavic countries, the dish is called "shawarma" and "shawarma". What is the difference between the names, even the ancestors of the dish cannot always understand. It is believed that this is the same dish, just it is called differently around the world. At the core spicy roll fatty meat (lamb, chicken or turkey), marinated or fresh vegetables and, of course, a mix of spices.

Recipe

Even the youngest schoolboy knows how to make homemade shawarma, the recipe for a delicious dish is passed from mouth to mouth. So he travels all over the world. To make this roll you will need:

• 400-450 g of high-quality chicken fillet;
• 120 g lettuce leaves(select only crispy ones);
• 4 sheets of Armenian fragrant lavash (flat cakes);
• 1-1,5 fresh cucumber(it all depends on the taste and size of vegetables);
• 1 pickled (salted) small cucumber;
• 1 large fleshy tomato;
• half an onion;
• clove (one and a half) garlic;
• curry, fine salt, pepper, coriander - to taste;
• vegetable oil for frying the meat itself and ready-made pita bread.

The filling for shawarma is prepared in two main stages: first, the vegetables are marinated, and then the meat is fried (young lamb and chicken will be fried rather quickly, so the meat is cooked last). But you need to flavor the filling with a spicy sauce. To prepare it you will need:

• 4 tbsp. spoons of high-quality fermented baked milk;
• 4 tbsp. spoons of homemade mayonnaise;
• a mixture of your favorite types of pepper (you can use ready-made);
• a clove of well crushed garlic.

cooking shawarma

Step one: prepare the filling

Step two: prepare the sauce

1. When the filling for shawarma is ready, you can proceed to spicy sauce. To do this, mix the garlic with fermented baked milk, stirring the mixture scrupulously.
2. Then it must be set aside for 100 minutes - garlic juice will open well in fermented baked milk.
3. After that, you need to mix spices there.

The third stage: we form shawarma

1. On unrolled leaves Armenian lavash it is necessary to lay clean dry lettuce leaves, decorate them with vegetable filling, and already a portion of meat should be unloaded onto it.
2. The slide is seasoned randomly with sauce so as not to end up with a wet roll.
3. You can wrap pita bread in any order, making sure that one end is completely sealed.

Second recipe

Flavored shawarma and shawarma are considered no less noble. What is the difference between this and the previous recipe? To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the components of this shawarma. So, let's begin.

For the sauce you will need:

• 1 st. l. lemon juice;
• 4 tbsp. l. homemade yogurt;
• 2 cloves of fresh garlic;
• 1 tsp whole coriander;
• 1 tsp good wine vinegar;
• a pinch of salt.

enough for two hearty portions shawarma you need:

• 400-420 g of young lamb;
• fresh big lavash;
• 2 cucumbers and 2 medium tomatoes;
• half (or third) of the bulb;
• black teaspoon whole pepper, whole zira and cardamom;
• half a teaspoon of turmeric and dry granulated garlic;
• a pinch of paprika;
• vegetable oil(can be replaced with olive or linen).

In order to end up with exactly the classic shawarma, the recipe of which we are now describing, you need to supplement the dish with cilantro sprigs or young parsley.

Cooking

1. It is necessary to start cooking shawarma with marinade for meat - pepper, cumin, cardamom, turmeric and garlic should be ground in a strong container, then add paprika and salt to the mixture and stir again. The last thing to add is oil. Then dry seasonings should stand with oil for about 10 minutes, then the marinade will fully reveal its taste.
2. The meat, cut into several pieces, must be grated with standing marinade and set aside in a dark place for an hour.
3. At this time you can cook oriental sauce, for this you need to mix yogurt with crushed garlic and stir well. Next, you can add dry coriander, lemon juice, salt and vinegar.
4. Marinated meat must be fried on a grill (hot frying pan), marinate vegetables for a couple of minutes. fold ready stuffing you can in any order, the taste of the roll will not suffer from this.

Conclusion

Now you understand what shawarma and shawarma are, what is the difference between these dishes. We also looked at how to cook such a dish. We hope that thanks to our recommendations you will be able to make a delicious oriental dish.

Shawarma, or as it is most often called in the CIS countries, this dish - shawarma - is a bright representative oriental cuisine Arabic origin. Thanks to the quick preparation of shawarma and the rule of eating the presented dish with your hands, it has become an integral part of fast food. Many modern residents of a large metropolis, for lack of a large number time for a lunch break often use shawarma.

Innumerable points of sale of the aforementioned dish and various reviews from skeptical opponents street food turned shawarma from fast food to stop dish. Unfortunately, people have lost, and some did not even know all the delights of this wonderful combination. thin dough and chopped juicy meat in combination with vegetables and sauce.

The difference between shawarma and shawarma and other dish names

In fact, shawarma is just one of dozens of variations of a dish based on meat and vegetables wrapped in unleavened dough and generously drizzled with sauce.


The word "shawarma" appeared in the name of the dish, which is usually called shawarma only due to the difference in dialect and pronunciation between Muscovites and Petersburgers. In fact, both "shawarma" and "shawarma" are classic dish the Arab world, in which the main role is played by meat (preferably chicken, lamb or beef), vegetables and sauce wrapped in thin pita bread. The difference between the two concepts is only in pronunciation, which is more convenient for the inhabitants of a particular region.

It is preferable for each country and region to choose the dough filling according to their religious beliefs, national cuisine and taste preferences.

Depending on the number of ingredients, their composition and preparation features, there are:

1. Pita is when all the filling is placed on one side of the dough, and the other is covered and fried in this form in a hot pan or grill. This type of shawarma is prepared in Belgium.
2. Doner or doner kebab is a kind of shawarma, which in its filling distinguishes all kinds of meat, sausages, sausages and a great abundance of sauces and vegetables to choose from. Duner can be found in the vast Azerbaijani, Armenian, German and Polish fast food cuisine.
3. Girros is Greek shawarma, which takes its name from the meat, which is wrapped in a thin, yeast-free dough.

Classics and variations of the shawarma recipe

According to the appearance of shawarma, it is a flatbread, pita bread, or, in other words, pita, for which the insides are used different products- minced meat different vegetables, as well as special spices and sauces.

In the vastness of the Russian Federation, meat is used as a filling for shawarma - be it boiled pork, beef, lamb, and also poultry meat - turkey or chicken. But the inhabitants of Muslim states approach the manufacture of doner kebab even more demandingly and use only camel or ram meat for these purposes.

The meat for the inside of the shawarma must certainly be grilled according to a special technology. Just like the traditional classic recipe shawarma should give sharpness and brightness of taste; a lot of ingredients are used in cooking. different spices. Classic additions pepper, turmeric and cumin are considered, a lot of new greens - parsley, dill and cilantro, and according to some recipes, also garlic and onions.


More suitable as a sauce for shawarma and more useful are kefir or sour cream sauces seasoned with garlic.

Vegetable side dish for doner kebab should be chosen based on the season - in summer time it is great to use cucumbers with tomatoes, and in winter - cabbage, carrots and other seasonal vegetables.

There is also vegetarian options making shawarma that does not contain meat.

Many manufacturers fill shawarma with ordinary sausages or canned fish.

About the dangers of fast food shawarma

British experts investigated the value and composition of the famous fast food: Indian and Chinese dishes, kebabs and fish and chips - fried fish with french fries. They installed - almost the entire kitchen fast manufacturing contains a high amount of fat. However, kebab turned out to be a favorite in harmful food.

Nutritionists from the English county of Hampshire indicated that shawarma, 25% fat. Eating shawarma about 2 times a week increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases 10 times, since the main cause of heart problems is an excess amount of body fat in the human body.

There are some contraindications to the consumption of shawarma. This dish is contraindicated for people with problems in gastrointestinal tract as well as pregnant women and children. It's not all about fat this dish, but also in the content of a large number hot sauce and spices, which adversely affects the work and condition internal organs person.

As a rule, the size of shawarma is quite large, and therefore it is necessary to sensibly assess the capabilities of your body and understand that frequent use such a dish leads to the accumulation overweight body.


Since shawarma is considered a dish fast food from available products, you can find an alternative in the form of cooking the presented dish at home, replacing fatty sauces and meat with more dietary options. Proper preparation and compliance with all hygiene standards Right way to enjoy a dish called "shawarma".

Description

Shawarma, which different countries also called shawarma, shuarma or doner kebab, is a Middle Eastern dish (most likely of Turkish origin) of pita or pita stuffed with minced fried meat with the addition of sauces, various spices and fresh vegetable salad.

To prepare this fast food almost any meat is suitable: lamb, pork, beef, turkey or chicken fillet. Although in some countries, according to national culinary traditions a certain type of meat is added to shawarma: for example, in Libya, Turkey and other Muslim states - lamb or camel meat, and in Israel - turkey or chicken.

Meat for shawarma is fried on special equipment and special technology. Meat tenderloin pre-marinated in special sauce, is strung on a vertical rotating skewer, along which flameless gas burners are located. In the process of frying, thin pieces are cut from the meat with a long knife, which form the basis of the shawarma filling.

Doner kebab is a varied dish: only in Ukraine and Russia there are a couple of dozen recipes for its preparation. Instead of pita bread, some people use thin pita bread, and fresh vegetables for shawarma can be selected based on personal gastronomic preferences. So, in winter they often add Korean carrot and cabbage, and in the summer they use fresh tomatoes and cucumbers. As for spices, there are never too many of them in shawarma. It is seasoned with red and black pepper, turmeric, cumin - it is believed that the taste of this dish should be fiery sharp. In addition to spices, shawarma is also rich in herbs: according to the recipe, it should contain a lot of parsley, dill and cilantro, and some add garlic and green onions.

IN real shawarma there should be no mayonnaise or ketchup - the idea to use these ingredients in the recipe came to the mind of entrepreneurial local merchants who decided to save on more expensive raw materials. Doner kebab should be filled with sour cream or kefir sauce with herbs and garlic.

In Ukraine, they also offer a vegetarian version of shawarma. And some even manage to cook this dish with canned fish or semi-finished meat products(wieners, sausages, etc.).

Doner kebab is served mainly in pita or pita bread, but there is also a “plate” version of this food: meat and vegetable stuffing put on a plate and serve with bread or warmed tortilla.

Composition and beneficial features shawarma

Modern nutritionists have "pasted" the label of fast food to shawarma, and there is one "but" in this matter. Properly cooked at home doner kebab is quite normal, and not at all junk food. It should be made exclusively from healthy products. So, from meat, preference should be given to veal, chicken or turkey - after all, these are its most dietary types. There is almost no cholesterol in their meat, but it is rich in proteins, vitamins A, E, group B and many minerals (iron, potassium, iodine, manganese, phosphorus, etc.).

In the "correct" shawarma, high-calorie and harmful mayonnaise need to be replaced with kefir or sour cream sauce with garlic, and ketchup - freshly prepared tomato paste. The composition of this dish also includes fresh vegetables, many of which have antioxidant properties, and contain a large amount of vitamins and other beneficial to the body substances. The spices used in doner kebabs are natural antibiotics, but it's important not to overdo them. And if you add more fresh herbs to the dish, then it will turn out to be very nutritious and useful product, which will strengthen the immune system and replenish the body with protein and missing trace elements and vitamins.

Harm

The threat to health for each person is shawarma, purchased on the street in a stall. Scientists have found that one serving of this dish is equivalent to drinking a glass of melted cooking oil. But obesity is far from the only unpleasant consequence of fast food: on a par with it are diabetes, various heart and liver diseases, infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, indigestion, and simply indigestion. Scientists have also established a connection between regular use fast food (including shawarma) and the occurrence of depression, Alzheimer's disease and even schizophrenia.

There are restrictions on the use homemade shawarma. It is not recommended for those who are concerned about any problems with the gastrointestinal tract and a tendency to obesity. Due to the large amount of spices and garlic, shawarma is contraindicated for people with a diseased liver, nursing mothers and children.