Is white sultana grapes useful? Kishmish: all the useful properties

One of the most popular varieties grapes in recent years has become Kishmish. And this is quite natural, because he has interesting palatability, and there are no bones in it, which makes the process of eating even more pleasant. But this is not all the advantages of this variety. So what is the use of Kishmish?

Useful material

The composition of Kishmish grapes includes a number of vitamins, such as C, A, E, B, PP, as well as folates. This grape is rich in minerals and various trace elements (iron, potassium, magnesium, selenium, calcium); contains flavonoids. Thanks to this, Kishmish is good antioxidant, prevents the aging process of cells.

It is believed that chokeberry kishmish is more useful, because it is the black skin of the berries that contains a large number of useful substances, for example, quercetin, which prevents the formation of blood clots. Also, black Kishmish is recommended for anemia, low hemoglobin levels, in the post-stress period, for depression and many other diseases.

Medicinal properties

Kishmish grapes contain a lot of ascorbic acid, thanks to which it stimulates the body's defense against infections, supporting the immune system, and also has anti-inflammatory qualities. Frequent use grapes are good for nervous system, as a stabilizing, sedative, normalizing pressure. Grapes are also indispensable for arrhythmias and other heart diseases. Good for joints.

The use of Kishmish grapes is beneficial for the respiratory organs, especially with influenza, sore throat, viral cold, when coughing. It also prevents caries, tartar, periodontal disease and other oral problems. In addition to the above, Kishmish reduces nausea, eliminates heartburn, and is also a strong choleretic agent.

Recipes for healing using Kishmish grapes

To maintain immunity, an adult is recommended to eat about 20 grapes during the day. This amount is enough to feel the positive effect.

To maintain and strengthen immunity in the cold season or during epidemics of influenza and acute respiratory infections, it is useful to use a prophylactic mixture: grapes are ground with nuts and mixed with honey. 10 g of this mixture is recommended per day.

From white Kishmish you can cook very healthy jam having excellent taste qualities.

Contraindications

Kishmish grapes are contraindicated in very young children, people with diabetes or obesity (due to the high sugar content), peptic ulcer. Raisins from it can not be eaten with tuberculosis and heart problems.

Those who consider kishmish - a separate variety grapes are wrong. Kishmish is a whole group of varieties bred by breeding, and their main difference and even advantage is the complete absence of seeds.

Kishmish grapes are grown mainly in the Middle East and Central Asia. Its stuffed clusters, which in some cases can weigh up to a kilogram, are strewn with sweet and juicy small-sized berries, covered with a specific wax coating. Having long term storage, the product withstands long-term transportation and is versatile in use.

The berries of this grape can be consumed fresh, dried or spent heat treatment form. They are widely used in cooking for the preparation of salads, desserts, confectionery, pastries, jams or preserves, and also serve as raw materials for the production of fruit drinks and wine.

Exists great amount varieties of sultanas - white (greenish), pink, red and black (purple) grapes. The latter is especially valued, because it contains a large amount of antioxidants, the so-called "substances of youth" and others. useful elements necessary for the health of our body.

Composition of sultanas

Ripe berries kishmish are a source of vitamins (A, C, E, PP), folic acid, easily digestible sugars, fiber, organic acids (tartaric, malic, citric and succinic), minerals(potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, etc.) and essential oils. In a glass of grape juice daily rate vitamin B, and thanks to high content vitamin P, vitamin C is absorbed by the body especially well.

In my own way chemical composition kishmish is a lot like white grapes. In addition to ascorbic acid, enough it contains chlorophyll, which is directly involved in the metabolic processes occurring in the body, supports immunity, and is also responsible for tissue regeneration. Flavonoids and polyphenols successfully fight active free radicals and slow down the processes of premature aging, while quercetins present in the skin dark varieties, help to defeat anemia, low hemoglobin, nervous exhaustion and depression.

Grape juice contains a large amount of iron salts, which contribute to the formation of red blood cells, pectin, which activates the process of removing heavy metals and toxins, and enzymes that normalize the process of digestion. In terms of content dietary fiber sultanas are significantly inferior to apples and pears, which means that the gastrointestinal tract is easier to process and can be introduced into the diet of a person who has recently suffered food poisoning.

The benefits of grapes

The benefits of sultana grapes, however, like any other variety, are huge for our body. sunny berries not only cheer up, but also are an excellent tonic and tonic effect. However, you should not get involved in eating grapes for the purpose of recovery. Enough 20-25 berries per day to replenish the supply useful components. By eating more, you risk getting diarrhea, flatulence, and even food poisoning. Raisin berries are quite high in calories, and are often treated with chemicals to increase their shelf life.

Many people try not to think about the unpleasant consequences, but it’s better not to neglect the advice of doctors and use grapes in the recommended amount. Also, the berries should not just be rinsed under water, but soaked for about an hour, after separating each grape from the bunch. This will remove a maximum of impurities and toxins from the product, and you will save yourself from unnecessary health problems.

In what cases will the benefits of raisins be especially noticeable?

Contraindications

Kishmish grapes, the benefits and harms of which are caused, first of all, not by the variety, but by the components that make up its composition, in addition to indications, it also has contraindications.

• The product contains a lot of calories and sugar, and therefore diabetes and obesity should be excluded from the diet.
• It is categorically not desirable to use sultanas for people with stomach ulcers, pancreatitis and cholecystitis.
• Contact with tooth enamel grape juice has a destructive effect on it, so doctors recommend that after you have eaten a berry, be sure to rinse your mouth with clean water.
• You should not combine grapes and dairy products in one meal. In most cases, diarrhea cannot be avoided.

For those who do not have health problems, deny themselves wonderful delicacy not worth it. After all, sultana berries are a real treasure trove of useful components.

Video about the benefits and harms of sultana grapes

The beneficial properties of raisins were appreciated by the ancient healers of Asia and the East. They claimed that a handful of sultanas can relieve fatigue and irritability, help with coughs and a weak heart.

Kishmish has a huge calorie content - some varieties of raisins contain up to 400 kcal per 100 g of product. This is due to the fact that dried grapes consist mainly of carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose, glucose).

Kishmish is rich in vitamins (A, C, B1, B2, B5, PP) and microelements (potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, boron and others). At the same time, the content of useful substances in dark raisins is much higher.

Kishmish: useful properties

1. Raisins contain such an invaluable trace element as potassium, and in large quantities. Therefore, it is recommended to eat it with vegetovascular dystonia, cardiac arrhythmias and some heart diseases.
2. Dried grapes are especially useful for older people, as they reduce the likelihood of development. The trace element boron is responsible for this.
3. Oleanolic acid inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria in the oral cavity, providing prevention of caries. In combination with phytochemicals, this antioxidant ensures healthy gums and mucous membranes.
4. With increased nervous excitability, it is useful to drink grape infusion made from raisins, poured cold water. A few days of such treatment will help restore peace of mind. In addition, the work of the heart and metabolism in the body will improve.
5. The benefits of raisins in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system are invaluable. It is used for prolonged cough, sore throat, bronchitis and asthma.
6. It is useful to eat sultanas for pregnant women to prevent anemia, edema and high blood pressure.
7. The soothing properties of raisins are successfully used to relieve itching of the skin. For example, with lichen, gruel is applied to the affected area.
8. dried grapes has a choleretic effect, eliminates heartburn and nausea, therefore it is recommended for those suffering from congestion in gallbladder. Usually in such cases, use a decoction.
9. And finally, kishmish is used in cooking - they bake with it confectionery and added to other dishes.

Raisins: contraindications

Since raisins are very high in calories, they should not be abused by overweight people.

Kishmish (grapes) has large clusters, which can reach up to 1 kg in weight. Small berries have a characteristic wax coating (see photo). Distinctive features of this variety are sweet taste and lack of bones. This variety comes from the countries of Central Asia and the Middle East.

Kishmish grapes can be stored long time V fresh. Berries are considered universal, as they can be considered table, and they are also dried, and, in addition, wine is made from them.

Beneficial features

Useful properties of sultana grapes are possible due to the fact that it contains many vitamins and trace elements. For example, B vitamins have a positive effect on the state of the nervous system and help get rid of stress and depression. There is nicotinic acid in the berries, which is very necessary for the body, primarily for normal metabolism. Due to the content of ascorbic acid, sultana grapes help strengthen the immune system and improve the protective functions of the body.

There is potassium in the berries, which has a positive effect on the condition of cardio-vascular system and prevents the occurrence various diseases hearts. Raisin grapes are recommended to be included in the diet for people with vegetovascular dystonia, hypertension and arrhythmia.

There are more in delicious berries boron, which reduces the risk of osteoporosis. Raisin grapes contain oleanolic acid, which reduces the rate of growth and reproduction of bacteria in the oral cavity, which helps prevent the occurrence of caries, gum disease and some other diseases in the oral cavity.

This is such a long list of useful properties sweet berries have!

Use in cooking

In cooking, kishmish grapes are used like other varieties. Berries can primarily be used fresh, for example, they are put in salads, desserts, used as a decoration various dishes and so on. Kishmish grapes are also used to make jams, preserves, and berries are also used as a filling for baking. Most importantly, golden raisins are prepared from grapes of this variety, which has fine taste And unique aroma. Kishmish and various drinks are prepared from grapes, for example, juice, wine, compote and others.

Recipe for homemade sultana wine

Recipe house wine from kishmish is quite simple. First you need to make a starter. To do this, you need a container with a wide neck, where you need to pour about two hundred grams of raisins, about ten grams of granulated sugar and pour in about four hundred milliliters of boiled water. Plug the container with a cotton plug and take it to a fairly warm room for four days. Ready sourdough Keeps in the refrigerator for exactly ten days.

Next, you need to start making wine from sultana grapes. Grape fruits (it will take about ten kilograms) should be separated from the twigs, the berries should be thoroughly washed and twisted through a meat grinder. Pour the starter into the resulting mass, mix well and set aside for fermentation for exactly three days. For three days, the pulp must be stirred, it is advisable to do this twice a day. At the end of the fermentation process, the pulp must be squeezed out and drained.

The squeezed juice must be poured into glass container(with a volume of at least twenty liters), then pour in about ten liters of boiled water, in which it was previously mixed granulated sugar(approximately one kilogram). Cover the top of the container with a medical glove, tightly tying it to the neck and making a small incision on one of the fingers, and then take it to a room where the air temperature will be at least twenty degrees, and where sunlight. After four days, it is necessary to pour one kilogram of granulated sugar diluted in two liters of water into the container, and then leave the container indoors at a temperature not lower than twenty-five degrees for about three weeks.

After twenty-one days, the wine should be strained from yeast and poured into a sterile bottle. Place the container in a cool room for about three weeks. During this period of time, the wine needs to be filtered at least four times to get rid of the sediment.

After the specified period of time, homemade semi-sweet wine from sultana grapes must be poured into clean glass bottles, seal tightly and pour melted wax on top. Store in a cool place.

To make dry wine from sultana grapes, you do not need to put granulated sugar into the pulp. You just need to chop the grape berries and transfer them to a fermentation container. Every day for two weeks, the mass should be mixed. At the end of the first stage of fermentation, the pulp must be squeezed and drained to obtain juice. Pour the resulting juice back into the container and put it in a warm room for exactly two weeks. After fourteen days, the wort must be carefully poured into a clean container, without touching the sediment. Attach a water seal on top of the container and take the container to a fairly warm place for about thirty days. After a month, pour the wine into another clean container, and then for fourteen days grape drink needs to be clarified egg white and filter. If the wine tastes sour, you can add fructose to it.

Upon completion of all preparation steps alcoholic drink finished wine should be poured into clean bottles and sealed tightly.

The benefits of sultanas and treatment

The benefits of sultana grapes are largely due to the rich composition of the substances that it contains. It is worth mentioning the benefits of berries for the treatment of problems with respiratory system: So they should be used by people with severe cough, sore throat, bronchitis and asthma.

Given that raisins have a calming effect, grapes can be used to relieve various inflammations.

Dried kishmish grapes have choleretic action It also helps reduce heartburn and nausea. From the berries, you can prepare a decoction that will be useful to use in the treatment of problems with the gallbladder.

This grape has a high energy value, which means that even using it in a small amount will quickly replenish energy and give a person strength.

Grapes kishmish can be eaten by pregnant women as a prevention of hypertension, anemia and to relieve swelling. The recommended varieties of raisins are "red", "Novocherkassk" and "radiant". However, if there are diseases such as diabetes and stomach ulcers, the use of grapes should be abandoned. It is also not allowed to eat grapes in the last stages of pregnancy and with individual intolerance to this product.

Therefore, before you start eating grapes, you need to consult with your doctor about whether you can eat. this product or not.

Harm of sultanas and contraindications

Raisin grapes can harm people with individual intolerance to the product. Avoid eating berries if you are obese. People with diabetes. Dried grapes are not recommended for heart failure, tuberculosis and ulcers.

It should also be borne in mind that berries can bring benefits only if they are eaten in moderation.

Varieties and varieties of grapes with characteristics

There are a lot of varieties and varieties of kishmish grapes. The most popular and sought after grape varieties are:

• « Aksai". This variety of raisins is characterized early term aging (about one hundred and ten days). If the summer is hot, grape fruits can be harvested as early as the twentieth of July or early August. Ripe fruits are colored pink shade, shaped like an oval. Grapes are very sweet and can be eaten just like that. Grape variety "Aksai" can withstand temperatures below twenty-five degrees. He is also able to resist various diseases.
• « White". The variety is characterized late deadline maturation. Frost and disease resistance is average. Grapes are small oval shape, fragile, rich yellow color. The pulp of the berries is juicy, with seeds, can be used for drying raisins. transportation and long-term storage is not subject to.
• « Veles". This variety came about as a result of crossing two other varieties - "Sofia" and "Rusbola". Veles berries are characterized by early ripening. The pulp is seedless, juicy and sweet. In winter, the plant of this variety can withstand temperatures below twenty-one degrees.
• « Hungarian". More this variety has a different name - "No. 342". Variety "Hungarian" is characterized by early ripening. The fruits are green with a golden sheen. The pulp of the berries is juicy and sweet. Grape variety "No. 342" is resistant to most diseases, and is also able to withstand frosts down to -26 degrees. This variety of kishmish is recommended to be served as a dessert or used for making raisins.
• « Zaporozhye". The grape variety is classified as an early ripening variety. Ripe fruits painted in a purple-red hue, outwardly resemble an oval. The pulp is juicy, sweet and fleshy. Since the raisins of the “Zaporozhye” variety are quite productive, it needs to be rationed in clusters so that the vine is not overloaded. Also, this grape is considered a frost-resistant variety and resistant to disease.
• « Red". Kishmish "red" is a variety of early ripening. The harvest is high, harvested after the twentieth of August. Berries are oval, large, red. The fruit pulp is dense, with a taste of nutmeg. The grape variety resists well severe frosts and such a disease as mildew.
• « Radiant". It belongs to varieties with an average ripening period of about one hundred and thirty-five days. The fruits are pink. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, slightly sour. Since the "radiant" grape grows very quickly, it needs constant pruning. IN winter period the plant needs to be covered, because this variety of raisins does not withstand severe frosts.
• « Moldavian". The berries ripen for almost five months, so this variety is characterized by a medium-late ripening period. Grape fruits are round, pink with a purple tint. The pulp is sweet and fleshy. In winter, the plant must be insulated, as it can die at temperatures below eighteen degrees. Also, the "Moldavian" grape variety is resistant to diseases such as phylloxera and mildew.
• « Nakhodka". This variety is a hybrid of two other varieties - "talisman" and "radiant". It is characterized by an average ripening period (about one hundred and twenty-five days), so the harvest can only be harvested with the onset of autumn. Grape fruits have a pink tint, and the smell of the "find" grape variety is comparable to muscat.
• « Flame". It is characterized by early ripening (no more than one hundred and ten days). The grape bush grows quickly, the vines are strong, the fruits are red. However, this raisin grape variety can die in winter at temperatures below twenty degrees. Also, the "flame" variety is susceptible to many diseases.
• « Pink". Approximately one hundred and forty days should pass from the beginning of bud break to harvest, so the variety belongs to late varieties maturation. Grape fruits are oval, painted in pink color. Berry pulp is fleshy, seedless, sweet, dense, juicy and crispy. The skin is thin, when eating grapes you do not feel it. Can be used to make raisins. Resistant to powdery mildew and oidium. However, the "pink" variety does not tolerate cold well, so it is suitable for growing in the southern regions. It needs to be grown in a sunny area.
• « Century". It is characterized by an average aging period and good frost resistance (withstands temperatures down to -25 degrees). Harvest can be harvested from mid-September. Berries are oval, yellow-green. The pulp is juicy, seedless, tastes like nutmeg. Grape variety "century" is easily grafted onto other varieties. The plant also resists various diseases and pests.
• « Black". Belongs to varieties with an early ripening period (after the appearance of the kidneys, about one hundred and thirty days should pass). For planting, it is better to choose a sunny and calm area. The berries are elongated, painted in dark blue. The pulp is seedless, juicy and crispy. In cooking, it is used to make raisins. The grape variety "black" is not resistant to severe frosts, so it must be insulated before the onset of winter. Also, this variety of raisins is poorly resistant to diseases such as oidium and mildew.
• « Jupiter". This grape variety of kishmish is characterized by good frost resistance: it is able to withstand low temperature within twenty-seven degrees. Berries are oval, red or blue-red in color. The pulp is quite juicy and sweet, tastes like nutmeg.

In addition to the main varieties, there are also other varieties of kishmish grapes, which can be characterized according to this principle:

• early ripe: "Aphrodite", "lightning", "lotus", "paradise", "rusbol", "citron", "amber", "cocktail", "taiga", "long-awaited", "gin", "attica", "Venus", "Heliodor", "Gold", "Lorus", "Potapenko", "Tsimus", "yasya";
• mid-season: “white oval”, “premier”, “saturn”, “unique”, “red flame”, “alyonushka”, “dream”;
• late-ripening: "Novocherkassky", "Arsenevsky".

To date, a lot of raisin grape varieties have been bred. This allows you to choose and grow the one that is more to your taste from the whole variety.

Below is a video description of the grape raisin "century".

Growing: planting, care, pruning

To grow sultana grapes in a garden plot, several conditions must be observed. Planting raisins should be carried out almost at the end of April and until the end of May, when the cold weather passes. The site for growing the plant should be sunny and contain a support along which the vine will curl. The distance between seedlings should not exceed three hundred centimeters.

Fertilizers must be applied to the soil before planting grape seedlings. To do this, first a layer of drainage in the form of gravel is placed in each hole, then a layer of a mixture of humus with sand and soddy soil is placed on top. Next, a support is placed, and then the sprouts are planted and dug in with soil.

Also, seedlings of sultana grapes can be planted in the fall (in early October). However, they require good care: before the arrival of the first frost, the seedlings need to be covered plastic bottle in which it is necessary to make holes for air access. In addition, it is recommended to sprinkle raisin sprouts with peat, sawdust or needles. Other gardeners advise in winter to simply dig in the soil with a hole with a plant.

After the first watering of the plant, mulch must be added to the soil. After three months after planting, the top of each sprout should be pinched.

Now, as for the care of sultana grapes. Many are interested in the question: “How to properly cut young sultana grapes?” To bring sultanas good harvest, you need to prune in the fall. To do this, it is necessary to cut off about twelve eyes, since there should be about twelve vines on one meter of a grape bush. This is done so that the bunches do not overload the grape bushes. It is also necessary to cut off weak vines so that they do not interfere normal growth stronger ones.

The plant needs to be watered constantly. If sultana grapes grow in black soil, then about six buckets of water are required for irrigation. Sandy soil requires approximately nine buckets of water. According to experienced gardeners, raisins need to be watered every four days. Fourteen days before harvest, watering should be reduced, the soil between the bushes is lightly irrigated to maintain moisture.

Before the plant begins to bloom, fertilizer from nitrogen should be applied to the soil, and after that - plantofol, having initially familiarized itself with the conditions of use.

Kishmish grapes are propagated exclusively by cuttings, since there are no seeds or seeds in the fruits of such grapes. Cuttings should be taken only from strong and mature enough bushes that do not get sick and give a good harvest. Cutting is best done in the fall. In length, the stalk should reach about fifty centimeters. It is necessary to plant cuttings in the spring, and before that they must be properly preserved. To do this, bunches of cuttings need to be dipped in a formalin solution (about two hundred milliliters of forty percent formalin are needed per ten liters of water), then put in a dark place, covered with a film and left for about fifteen hours. After that, the film is removed from the cuttings and the pipes are left to air for exactly three hours, and then they are removed and stored until spring.

There are several thousand varieties of grapes in the world today. Among them, the leading position is occupied by the raisin variety, which is very popular both in its homeland, in Asia, and in our country. Consider what is so remarkable about this variety, and how it is useful for the body.

Features of sultana grapes

This variety is fundamentally different from any other, primarily the absence of seeds. Thanks to this, it can be given even to small children. Its taste is very sweet, sometimes even cloying. The berries have a thin peel that is well chewed. The clusters are small in size, with oval berries of yellow or green color tightly adjacent to each other.

grape properties

Kishmish, except great taste, has a lot of useful properties. But along with them, there are certain restrictions to its use.

Did you know? Grapes are one of the first plants that people began to grow. This happened 6 thousand years BC. e. in ancient Egypt.

Benefit

The sweet fruits of this variety contain a huge amount of vitamins, macro- and microelements, which are useful for the human body. Eating these berries has a beneficial effect on the nervous and circulatory system helps to keep the skin youthful, which is especially important for women. This product is also useful for pregnant women, since the vitamins it contains protect a woman from miscarriage, and also reduce the risk of having children with defects. Grapes strengthens immune system, useful for anemia, kidney and liver diseases, hypertension. The question of whether it is useful for children can be answered in the affirmative, however, in small quantities. In this case, the risk of allergies will be minimal.

Possible harm and contraindications

Unfortunately, sultanas cannot be consumed by people with diabetes, ulcers, cholecystitis and pancreatitis. In addition, the acids included in its composition corrode tooth enamel, so after eating grapes oral cavity must be rinsed warm water. It is incompatible with dairy products.

Chemical composition and calorie content

In its composition, sultanas are close to breast milk, which increases its energy and nutritional value. Contains pectin, essential oils, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acid. Of the micro and macro elements, there are: magnesium, calcium, sodium, chlorine, potassium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, copper, zinc.
It is believed that grapes should not be eaten at night, as this leads to the appearance extra calories and to weight gain. Despite the fact that kishmish is low-calorie and contains only 72 kcal per 100 grams, its use in the evening is undesirable. The fact is that there are a lot of carbohydrates in sultana berries - 15.4 g / 100 g. And carbohydrates that are not compensated physical activity are converted into fats.

Did you know? Almost 8 thousand varieties of grapes have been bred in the world, all of them are divided into 4 groups: wine, table, for drying and juice. Kishmish belongs to the group of table varieties.

What vitamins are found in sultana grapes

Of the vitamins in kishmish contains (per 100 g):

• vitamin C - 6 mg;
• vitamin B9 - 2 mcg;
• vitamin A - 5 mcg;
• vitamin H - 1.5 mcg;
• vitamin PP - 0.3 mg;
• vitamin E - 0.4 mg.

How to use

Despite all the benefits, raisins should not be abused. Excess consumption causes flatulence, diarrhea. It is better to eat it between main meals, because in combination with food that has not yet been digested, fruit acids cause fermentation processes in the digestive tract. You should not eat dairy products before or after grapes - you need to wait at least 2 hours.

Important!When grown in vineyards, the vine is treated with various chemicals to protect against disease, so purchased berries can bring more harm than good. To avoid this, soak the grapes for an hour in cold water, which will take away nitrates.

The daily norm without harm to health is up to 200 g. Any product, no matter how useful it may be, should be consumed in moderation. And kishmish is no exception in this regard. Keep this in mind when you want to treat yourself to a delicious and healthy treat.