Do home experiments. The most spectacular experiments with household chemicals
Did you know that May 29 is Chemist's Day? Which of us in childhood did not dream of creating peculiar magic, amazing chemical experiments? It's time to turn your dreams into reality! Read on and we will tell you how to have fun Chemist Day 2017, as well as what chemistry experiments for kids are easy to do at home.
home volcano
If you are no longer attracted, then ... Want to see a volcanic eruption? Try making it at home! To arrange a chemical experiment "volcano" you will need soda, vinegar, food coloring, a plastic glass, a glass warm water.
Pour 2-3 tablespoons of table soda into a plastic cup, add ¼ cup of warm water and a little food coloring, preferably red. Then add ¼ of vinegar and watch the "eruption" of the volcano.
Rose and ammonia
A very interesting and original chemical experiment with plants can be viewed on a video from YouTube:
self-inflating balloon
Do you want to conduct safe chemistry experiments for children? Then you will definitely like the balloon experiment. Prepare in advance: a plastic bottle, baking soda, a balloon and vinegar.
Pour 1 teaspoon of baking soda inside the ball. Pour ½ cup of vinegar into the bottle, then put the ball on the neck of the bottle and make sure that the soda gets into the vinegar. As a result of the stormy chemical reaction, which is accompanied active secretion carbon dioxide, the balloon will inflate.
pharaoh snake
For the experiment you will need: calcium gluconate tablets, dry fuel, matches or a gas burner. See the YouTube video for the steps:
color magic
Do you want to surprise a child? Rather, conduct chemical experiments with color! You will need the following available ingredients: starch, iodine, a transparent container.
Mix white starch and brown iodine in a container. As a result, you will get an amazing mixture of blue.
We grow a snake
The most interesting home chemical experiments can be done using available ingredients. To create a snake, you will need: a plate, river sand, powdered sugar, ethyl alcohol, a lighter or burner, baking soda.
Pour a sand slide onto a plate and soak it with alcohol. In the top of the slide, make a recess, where you carefully add powdered sugar and soda. Now we set fire to the sand hill and observe. After a couple of minutes, a dark wriggling ribbon will begin to grow from the top of the hill, which resembles a snake.
How to conduct chemical experiments with an explosion, see the following video from Youtube:
Parents of little fidgets can surprise them with experiments that can be done at home. Light, but at the same time surprising and delightful, they are able not only to diversify the child's leisure time, but also allow you to look at familiar things with completely different eyes. And discover their properties, functions, purpose.
Young naturalists
Experiments at home, great for kids under 10 - The best way help the child save practical experience which will be useful to him in the future.
Safety precautions during experiments
In order for the conduct of cognitive experiments not to be overshadowed by troubles and injuries, it is enough to remember a few simple but important rules.
Safety comes first - Before starting work with chemicals, the work surface must be protected by covering it with foil or paper. This will save parents from unnecessary cleaning and will save appearance and functionality of furniture.
- In the process of work, you do not need to get too close to the reagents, bending over them. Especially if the plans include chemical experiments for young children, in which unsafe substances are involved. The measure will protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes from irritation and burns.
- If possible, use protective equipment: gloves, goggles. They should fit the child in size and not interfere with him during the experiment.
Simple experiments for the little ones
Developmental experiences and experiments for the youngest children (or for children under 10 years old) are usually simple and do not require parents to have any special skills or rare or expensive equipment. But the joy of discovery and a miracle, which is so easy to do with your own hands, will remain with him for a long time.
For example, children will be indescribably delighted with the real seven-color rainbow, which they themselves can call with the help of an ordinary mirror, a container of water and a sheet of white paper.
Rainbow in a bottle experience To begin with, a mirror is placed at the bottom of a small basin or bath. Then, it is filled with water; and the light of the lantern is directed to the mirror. After the light is reflected and passed through the water, it decomposes into its constituent colors, becoming the same rainbow that can be seen on a sheet of white paper.
Another very simple and beautiful experience can be done using plain water, wire and salt.
To start the experiment, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution. Calculating the desired concentration of a substance is quite simple: at required quantity salt in water, it ceases to dissolve when the next portion is added. It is very good to use warm distilled water for this purpose. In order for the experiment to be more successful, the finished solution can also be poured into another container - this will remove dirt and make it cleaner.
Experience "Salt on a wire" When everything is ready, it is lowered into the solution small piece copper wire with a loop at the end. The container itself is removed to a warm place and left there for a certain time. As the solution begins to cool, the solubility of the salt will decrease and it will begin to settle on the wire in the form of beautiful crystals. It will be possible to notice the first results in a few days. By the way, not only ordinary, straight wire can be used in the experiment: by twisting bizarre figures from it, you can grow crystals of the different sizes and forms. By the way, this experiment will give the child a great idea. New Year's toys in the form of real ice snowflakes - just find a flexible wire and form a beautiful symmetrical snowfield out of it.
Invisible ink can also make an indelible impression on the child. Preparing them is very simple: just take a cup of water, matches, cotton wool, half a lemon. And a sheet on which you can write the text.
Invisible ink can be bought ready-made First, mix in a cup equal amount lemon juice and water. Then, a little cotton wool is wound around a toothpick or a thin match. The resulting "pencil" is dipped into the mixture in the resulting liquid; then they can write any text on a piece of paper.
Although at first the words on paper will be completely invisible, it will be very easy to manifest them. To do this, a sheet with already dried ink must be brought to the lamp. The written words will immediately appear on a heated sheet of paper.
What kid doesn't love balloons?
It turns out that even inflating an ordinary balloon can be very original way. To do this, dissolve one spoon in a bottle of water. baking soda. And in another cup, the juice of one lemon and three tablespoons of vinegar are mixed. After, the contents of the cup are introduced into the bottle (for convenience, you can use a small funnel). The ball must be put on the neck of the bottle as quickly as possible until the chemical reaction is over. During this time carbon dioxide can quickly inflate the balloon under pressure. In order for the ball not to jump off the neck of the bottle, it can be fixed with tape or tape.
Experience "Inflate the balloon" Looks very interesting and unusual colored milk, the colors of which will move, fancifully mixing with each other. For this experiment, you need to pour some whole milk into a plate and add a few drops of food coloring to it. Separate areas of the liquid will be colored in different colors, but the spots will remain motionless. How to set them in motion? Very simple. It is enough to take a small cotton swab and, having previously dipped it in detergent, bring it to the surface of colored milk. Reacting with molecules milk fat, the detergent molecules will make it move.
Experience "Drawings on milk" Important! not suitable for this experiment. skimmed milk. You can only use whole!
Surely all children have seen at home and on the street for funny air bubbles in a mineral or sweet water. But are they strong enough to lift a grain of corn or raisins to the surface? It turns out yes! To check this, just pour any sparkling water into the bottle, and then throw some corn or raisins into it. The child will see for himself how easy under the action of air bubbles both corn and raisins will begin to rise, and then - having reached the surface of the liquid - fall down again.
Experiments for older children
Older children (from 10 years old) can be offered more complex chemical experiments that require more components. These experiments for older children are a little more difficult, but children can already take part in them.
To comply with safety regulations, children under 10 years of age should conduct experiments under the strict supervision of adults, mainly in the role of a spectator. Children over 10 years of age can take a more active part in the experiments.
An example of such an experiment would be the creation of a lava lamp. Surely many children dream of such a miracle. But, it is much more pleasant to make it with your own hands, using for this simple components that are sure to be found in every home.
Experience "Lava Lamp" The basis of the lava lamp will be a small jar or the most ordinary glass. In addition, for experience you will need vegetable oil, water, salt and some food coloring.
The jar, or other container used as the base of the lamp, is filled with two-thirds of water and one-third with oil. Since oil is much lighter than water by weight, it will remain on its surface without mixing with it. Then, a little food coloring is added to the jar - this will give the lava lamp color and make the experiment more beautiful and spectacular. And after that, a teaspoon of salt is placed in the resulting mixture. For what? Salt causes the oil to sink to the bottom in the form of bubbles, and then, dissolving, pushes them up.
Next chemical experiment will help to make such a school subject as geography fun and interesting.
Making a volcano with your own hands After all, studying volcanoes is much more interesting when there is not just a dry book text nearby, but a whole model! Especially if you make it easy at home with your own hands, using the available tools at hand: sand, food coloring, soda, vinegar and a bottle are perfect.
To begin with, a bottle is placed on the tray - it will become the basis of the future volcano. Around it you need to mold a small cone of sand, clay or plasticine - so the mountain will take on a more complete and believable look. Now you need to cause a volcanic eruption: a little warm water is poured into the bottle, then a little soda and food coloring (red or orange color). The final touch will be a quarter cup of vinegar. Having reacted with soda, the vinegar will begin to actively push the contents of the bottle out. This explains interesting effect eruption, which can be observed with the child.
Volcano can be made from toothpaste Can paper burn without burning?
It turns out yes. And the experiment with fireproof money will easily prove it. For this ten-ruble banknote immersed in a 50% alcohol solution (water is mixed with alcohol in a ratio of 1 to 1, a pinch of salt is added to it). After the bill is properly soaked, excess liquid is removed from it, and the bill itself is set on fire. Having flared up, it will begin to burn, but it will not burn out at all. The explanation for this experience is quite simple. The temperature at which alcohol burns is not high enough to evaporate water. Thanks to this, even after the substance burns out completely, the money will remain slightly wet, but absolutely intact.
Ice experiments are always a success Young nature lovers can be encouraged to germinate seeds at home without using the soil. How it's done?
A little cotton wool is placed in the eggshell; it is actively wetted with water, and then some seeds (for example, alfalfa) are placed in it. In just a few days, the first shoots will be visible. Thus, soil is not always needed for seed germination - only water is enough.
And the next experiment, which is easy to do at home for children, will surely appeal to girls. After all, who doesn't love flowers?
A painted flower can be given to mom Especially the most unusual, bright colors! Thanks to simple experience right in front of the astonished children, simple and familiar flowers can turn into the most unexpected color. Moreover, it is extremely simple to do this: just put the cut flower in water with food coloring added to it. Climbing the stem to the petals, chemical dyes paint them in the colors you want. To better absorb water, it is better to cut diagonally - so it will have the maximum area. In order for the color to appear brighter, it is advisable to use light, or white flowers. An even more interesting and fantastic effect will be obtained if, before the start of the experiment, the stem is split into several parts and each of them is immersed in its own glass of colored water.
Petals will be painted in all colors at once in the most unexpected and bizarre way. What we will surely produce indelible impression on a child!
Experience "Colored foam" Everyone knows that under the influence of gravity, water can only flow down. But, is it possible to make it rise up the napkin? To conduct this experiment, an ordinary glass is filled with water by about a third. The napkin is folded several times so that a narrow rectangle is obtained. After that, the napkin unfolds again; stepping back a little from the bottom edge on it, you need to draw a line of colored dots of a sufficiently large diameter. The napkin is immersed in water so that about one and a half centimeters of its colored part is in it. Having come into contact with a napkin, the water will gradually rise up, staining it with multi-colored stripes. This unusual effect is due to the fact that, having a porous structure, the fibers of the napkin easily pass water up.
Experience with water and a napkin For the next experiment, you will need a small blotting paper, cookie cutters different shapes, a little gelatin, a transparent bag, a glass and water.
Gelatin water does not mix Gelatin dissolves in a quarter cup of water; it should swell and increase in volume. Then, the substance is dissolved in a water bath and brought to about 50 degrees. the resulting liquid must be spread in a thin layer over cellophane bag. With the help of cookie cutters, figures of various shapes are cut out of gelatin. After that, they need to be laid on a blotter or napkin, and then breathe on them. The warm breath will cause the gelatin to expand in volume, causing the figures to begin to curve on one side.
Experiments carried out at home with children are very easy to diversify.
Gelatin figures from molds In winter, you can try to slightly modify the experiment by taking the gelatin figurines to the balcony or leaving them in freezer. When the gelatin hardens under the influence of cold, patterns of ice crystals will clearly appear on it.
Conclusion
Description of other experiences Delight and a sea of positive emotions - that's what experimenting for curious children will give, carried out together with adults. And parents will allow themselves to share the joy of the first discoveries with young researchers. After all, no matter how old a person is, the opportunity to return to childhood at least for a short time is truly priceless.
And get to know with them world and wonders of physical phenomena? Then we invite you to our "experimental laboratory", in which we will tell you how to create simple, but very interesting experiments for children.
Egg experiments
Egg with salt
The egg will sink to the bottom if you place it in a glass of plain water, but what happens if you add salt? The result is very interesting and can visually show interesting density facts.
You will need:
- Salt
- Tumbler.
Instruction:
1. Fill half the glass with water.
2. Add a lot of salt to the glass (about 6 tablespoons).
3. We interfere.
4. We carefully lower the egg into the water and observe what is happening.
Explanation
Salt water has a higher density than regular tap water. It is the salt that brings the egg to the surface. And if you add to an existing salt water fresh, the egg will gradually sink to the bottom.
Egg in a bottle
Do you know what boiled whole egg can be easily put into a bottle?
You will need:
- A bottle with a neck diameter smaller than the diameter of the egg
- Hard boiled egg
- Matches
- some paper
- Vegetable oil.
Instruction:
1. Lubricate the neck of the bottle with vegetable oil.
2. Now set fire to the paper (you can just have a few matches) and immediately throw it into the bottle.
3. Put an egg on the neck.
When the fire goes out, the egg will be inside the bottle.
Explanation
The fire provokes the heating of the air in the bottle, which comes out. After the fire goes out, the air in the bottle will begin to cool and contract. Therefore, a low pressure is formed in the bottle, and the external pressure pushes the egg into the bottle.
The balloon experiment
This experiment shows how rubber and orange peel interact with each other.
You will need:
- Balloon
- Orange.
Instruction:
1. Blow up the balloon.
2. Peel an orange, but orange peel(zest) do not throw away.
3. Squeeze out orange peel over the ball, after which it will burst.
Explanation.
Orange peel contains limonene. It is able to dissolve rubber, which is what happens to the ball.
candle experiment
An interesting experiment showing burning a candle in the distance.
You will need:
- regular candle
- Matches or lighter.
Instruction:
1. Light a candle.
2. Extinguish it after a few seconds.
3. Now bring the burning flame to the smoke coming from the candle. The candle will start burning again.
Explanation
The smoke rising from an extinguished candle contains paraffin, which quickly ignites. The burning vapors of paraffin reach the wick, and the candle begins to burn again.
Vinegar Soda
A balloon that inflates itself is a very interesting sight.
You will need:
- Bottle
- A glass of vinegar
- 4 teaspoons of soda
- Balloon.
Instruction:
1. Pour a glass of vinegar into the bottle.
2. Pour the soda into the bowl.
3. We put the ball on the neck of the bottle.
4. Slowly put the ball vertically, while pouring soda into a bottle of vinegar.
5. Watching the balloon inflate.
Explanation
When baking soda is added to vinegar, a process called soda quenching takes place. During this process, carbon dioxide is released, which inflates our balloon.
invisible ink
Play with your child as a secret agent and create your invisible ink.
You will need:
- half a lemon
- Spoon
- A bowl
- Cotton swab
- White paper
- Lamp.
Instruction:
1. Squeeze some lemon juice into a bowl and add the same amount of water.
2. Dip a cotton swab into the mixture and write something on the white paper.
3. Wait for the juice to dry and become completely invisible.
4. When you're ready to read the secret message or show it to someone else, heat the paper by holding it close to a light bulb or fire.
Explanation
Lemon juice is an organic substance that oxidizes and turns brown when heated. Diluted lemon juice in water makes it hard to see on paper, and no one will know there's lemon juice in there until it's hot.
Other substances which work in the same way:
- Orange juice
- Milk
- onion juice
- Vinegar
- Wine.
How to make lava
You will need:
- Sunflower oil
- Juice or food coloring
- Transparent vessel (can be a glass)
- Any effervescent tablets.
Instruction:
1. First, pour the juice into a glass so that it fills about 70% of the volume of the container.
2. Fill the rest of the glass with sunflower oil.
3. Now we are waiting for the juice to separate from the sunflower oil.
4. We throw a pill into a glass and observe an effect similar to lava. When the tablet dissolves, you can throw another one.
Explanation
The oil separates from the water because it has a lower density. Dissolving in the juice, the tablet releases carbon dioxide, which captures parts of the juice and lifts it up. The gas is completely out of the glass when it reaches the top, and the juice particles fall back down.
The tablet hisses due to the fact that it contains citric acid and soda (sodium bicarbonate). Both of these ingredients react with water to form sodium citrate and carbon dioxide gas.
Ice experiment
At first glance, you might think that the ice cube, being on top, will eventually melt, due to which it should cause the water to spill, but is it really so?
You will need:
- Cup
- Ice cubes.
Instruction:
1. Fill up a glass warm water to the very edge.
2. Lower the ice cubes carefully.
3. Watch the water level carefully.
As the ice melts, the water level does not change at all.
Explanation
When water freezes, turning into ice, it expands, increasing its volume (which is why even heating pipes can burst in winter). Water from melted ice takes up less space than the ice itself. So when the ice cube melts, the water level stays about the same.
How to make a parachute
find out about air resistance making a small parachute.
You will need:
- Plastic bag or other lightweight material
- Scissors
- A small load (perhaps some figurine).
Instruction:
1. Cut out a large square from a plastic bag.
2. Now we cut the edges so that we get an octagon (eight identical sides).
3. Now we tie 8 pieces of thread to each corner.
4. Don't forget to make a small hole in the middle of the parachute.
5. Tie the other ends of the threads to a small load.
6. Use a chair or find a high point to launch the parachute and check how it flies. Remember that the parachute should fly as slowly as possible.
Explanation
When the parachute is released, the load pulls it down, but with the help of the lines, the parachute occupies a large area that resists the air, due to which the load slowly lowers. The larger the surface area of the parachute, the more this surface resists falling, and the slower the parachute will descend.
A small hole in the middle of the parachute allows air to flow through it slowly, rather than flopping the parachute to one side.
How to make a tornado
Find out, how to make a tornado in a bottle with this fun scientific experiment for children. The items used in the experiment are easy to find in everyday life. Made homemade mini tornado much safer than the tornado that is shown on television in the steppes of America.
If you're wondering how to celebrate your child's birthday, you might like the idea of throwing a nursery science show. IN Lately scientific holidays are becoming more and more popular. Entertaining experiences and experiments like almost all children. For them, this is something magical and incomprehensible, which means interesting. The cost of hosting a science show is quite high. But this is no reason to deny yourself the pleasure of watching the astonished children's faces. After all, you can manage on your own, do not resort to the help of animators and holiday agencies.
In this article, I made a selection of simple chemical and physical experiments and experiments that can be done at home without any problems. Everything you need to carry them out is probably in your kitchen or first aid kit. You don't need any special skills either. All you need is a desire and a good mood.
I tried to collect simple but spectacular experiences that will be of interest to children. different ages. For each experiment, I prepared a scientific explanation (not for nothing that I studied to be a chemist!). To explain to the children the essence of what is happening or not is up to you. It all depends on their age and level of training. If the children are small, you can skip the explanation and go straight to the spectacular experience, saying only that they will be able to learn the secrets of such “miracles” when they grow up, go to school and begin to study chemistry and physics. Perhaps this will arouse their interest in studying in the future.
Although I chose the most safe experiences However, they still need to be taken very seriously. All manipulations are best performed with gloves and a bathrobe, at a safe distance from children. After all, the same vinegar and potassium permanganate can cause trouble.
And, of course, when conducting a children's science show, you need to take care of the image of a mad scientist. Your artistry and charisma will largely determine the success of the event. Turning from an ordinary person into a funny scientific genius is not at all difficult - all you need to do is ruffle your hair, put on big glasses and a white coat, smear yourself with soot and make an expression corresponding to your new status. This is what a typical mad scientist looks like.
Before putting on a science show on children's holiday(by the way, it can be not only a birthday, but also any other holiday), all experiments should be done in the absence of children. Rehearse what was not then unpleasant surprises. Few things can go wrong.
Children's experiments can be carried out without a festive occasion - just so that it is interesting and useful to spend time with a child.
Choose the experiences you like the most and write a script for the holiday. In order not to heavily burden children with science, albeit entertaining, dilute the event with fun games.
Part 1. Chemical show
Attention! When conducting chemical experiments should be extremely careful.
foam fountain
Almost all children love foam - the more the better. Even kids know how to make it: for this you need to pour shampoo into water and shake it well. But can the foam form by itself without shaking and be also colored?
Ask the children what they think foam is. What is it made of and how can it be obtained. Let them express their guesses.
Then explain that foam is bubbles filled with gas. This means that for its formation, some substance is needed, of which the walls of the bubbles will consist, and a gas that will fill them. For example, soap and air. When soap is added to water and stirred, air enters these bubbles from the environment. But gas can be obtained in another way - in the process of a chemical reaction.
Option 1
- hydroperite tablets;
- potassium permanganate;
- liquid soap;
- water;
- a glass vessel with a narrow neck (preferably beautiful);
- cup;
- hammer;
- tray.
Statement of experience
- Using a hammer, crush the hydroperite tablets into powder and pour it into a flask.
- Place the flask on the tray.
- Add liquid soap and water.
- Prepare in a glass water solution potassium permanganate and pour it into a flask with hydroperide.
After the solutions of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and hydroperide (hydrogen peroxide) merge, a reaction will begin to occur between them, accompanied by the release of oxygen.
4KMnO 4 + 4H 2 O 2 = 4MnO 2 ¯ + 5O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4KOH
Under the action of oxygen, the soap present in the flask will begin to foam and lick out of the flask, forming a kind of fountain. Due to potassium permanganate, part of the foam will turn pink.
You can see how this happens in the video.
Important: the glass vessel must have a narrow neck. Do not take the resulting foam in your hands and do not give it to children.
Option 2
Another gas, such as carbon dioxide, is also suitable for the formation of foam. You can paint the foam in any color you wish.
For the experiment you will need:
- plastic bottle;
- soda;
- vinegar;
- food coloring;
- liquid soap.
Statement of experience
- Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
- Add liquid soap and food coloring.
- Pour in soda.
Result and scientific explanation
When soda and vinegar interact, a violent chemical reaction occurs, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2.
Under its action, the soap will begin to foam and lick out of the bottle. The dye will color the foam in the color you choose.
Merry ball
What's a birthday without balloons? Show the children the balloon and ask how to inflate it. The guys, of course, will answer that by mouth. Explain that the balloon is inflated by the carbon dioxide we exhale. But you can inflate the balloon with them in another way.
For the experiment you will need:
- soda;
- vinegar;
- bottle;
- balloon.
Statement of experience
- Pour a teaspoon of baking soda into the balloon.
- Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
- Put the ball on the neck of the bottle and pour the soda into the bottle.
Result and scientific explanation
As soon as baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent chemical reaction will begin, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2 . The balloon will begin to inflate before your eyes.
CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2
If you take a smiley balloon, it will impress the guys even more. At the end of the experiment, tie a balloon and give it to the birthday person.
See the video for a demonstration of the experience.
Chameleon
Can liquids change their color? If yes, why and how? Before setting up an experiment, be sure to ask the children these questions. Let them think. They will remember how water is colored when you rinse a brush with paint in it. Is it possible to decolorize the solution?
For the experiment you will need:
- starch;
- alcohol burner;
- test tube;
- cup;
- water.
Statement of experience
- Pour a pinch of starch into a test tube and add water.
- Drop some iodine. The solution will turn into Blue colour.
- Light the burner.
- Heat the test tube until the solution becomes colorless.
- Pour into a glass cold water and immerse the test tube into it so that the solution cools down and turns blue again.
Result and scientific explanation
When interacting with iodine, the starch solution turns blue, since a dark blue compound I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n is formed. However, this substance is unstable and, when heated, again decomposes into iodine and starch. When cooled, the reaction goes in the opposite direction and we again see how the solution turns blue. This reaction shows reversibility chemical processes and their temperature dependence.
I 2 + (C 6 H 10 O 5) n => I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n
(iodine - yellow) (starch - clear) (dark blue)
rubber egg
All children know that the eggshell is very fragile and can break from the slightest blow. It would be nice if the eggs didn't beat! Then you wouldn't have to worry about bringing the eggs home when your mom sends you to the store.
For the experiment you will need:
- vinegar;
- raw egg;
- cup.
Statement of experience
- To surprise the kids, you need to prepare for this experience in advance. 3 days before the holiday, pour vinegar into a glass and place a raw chicken egg in it. Leave for three days so that the shell has time to completely dissolve.
- Show the children a glass with an egg and invite everyone to say a magic spell together: “Tryn-dyryn, boom-brown! Egg, become rubber!
- Take out the egg with a spoon, wipe it with a napkin and demonstrate how it can now be deformed.
Result and scientific explanation
Eggshells are made up of calcium carbonate, which dissolves when reacted with vinegar.
CaCO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH \u003d Ca (CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2
Due to the presence of a film between the shell and the contents of the egg, it retains its shape. What an egg looks like after vinegar, look at the video.
Secret letter
Children love everything mysterious, and therefore this experiment will surely seem like real magic to them.
Take an ordinary ballpoint pen and write on a piece of paper a secret message from aliens or draw some kind of secret sign that no one but the guys present can know about.
When the children read what is written there, say that it is a big secret and the inscription must be destroyed. And erase the inscription will help you magic water. If you treat the inscription with a solution of potassium permanganate and vinegar, then with hydrogen peroxide, the ink will be washed off.
For the experiment you will need:
- potassium permanganate;
- vinegar;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- flask;
- cotton buds;
- ball pen;
- paper;
- water;
- paper towels or napkins;
- iron.
Statement of experience
- Draw a picture or an inscription on a sheet of paper with a ballpoint pen.
- Pour a little potassium permanganate into a test tube and add vinegar.
- Soak a cotton swab in this solution and swipe over the inscription.
- Take another cotton swab, moisten it with water and wash off the resulting stains.
- Blot with a tissue.
- Apply hydrogen peroxide to the inscription and blot again with a napkin.
- Iron with an iron or put under a press.
Result and scientific explanation
After all the manipulations, you will get a blank sheet of paper, which will surprise the children very much.
Potassium permanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent, especially if the reaction occurs in an acidic environment:
MnO 4 ˉ+ 8 H + + 5 eˉ = Mn 2+ + 4 H 2 O
A strong acidified solution of potassium permanganate literally burns many organic compounds converting them into carbon dioxide and water. For creating acid environment in our experiment, acetic acid is used.
The product of the reduction of potassium permanganate is manganese dioxide Mn0 2, which has a brown color and precipitates. To remove it, we use hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , which reduces the insoluble compound Mn0 2 to a highly soluble manganese (II) salt.
MnO 2 + H 2 O 2 + 2 H + = O 2 + Mn 2+ + 2 H 2 O.
I propose to see how the ink disappears on the video.
The power of thought
Before setting up the experiment, ask the children how to put out the candle flame. They, of course, will answer you that you need to blow out the candle. Ask if they believe you can put out a fire with an empty glass by casting a magic spell?
For the experiment you will need:
- vinegar;
- soda;
- glasses;
- candles;
- matches.
Statement of experience
- Pour soda into a glass and pour vinegar over it.
- Light some candles.
- Bring a glass of soda and vinegar to another glass, tilting it slightly so that the carbon dioxide produced during the chemical reaction flows into the empty glass.
- Carry a glass of gas over the candles, as if pouring them over the flame. At the same time, make a mysterious expression on your face and say some incomprehensible spell, for example: “Chicken-burs, mur-plee! Flame, don't burn anymore!" Children must think it's magic. You will reveal the secret after the enthusiasm.
Result and scientific explanation
When baking soda and vinegar interact, carbon dioxide is released, which, unlike oxygen, does not support combustion:
CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2
CO 2 is heavier than air, and therefore does not fly up, but settles down. Thanks to this property, we are able to collect it in an empty glass, and then “pour it” onto candles, thereby extinguishing their flame.
How it happens, look at the video.
Part 2. Entertaining physical experiments
strong jean
This experiment will allow children to look at the usual action for them from the other side. Place an empty wine bottle in front of the children (it is better to remove the label first) and push the cork into it. And then turn the bottle upside down and try to pop the cork out. Of course, you won't succeed. Ask the children if there is any way to get the cork out without breaking the bottle? Let them say what they think about it.
Since the cork cannot be picked up through the neck, it means that one thing remains - to try to push it out from the inside out. How to do it? You can call the genie for help!
The genie in this experiment will be a large plastic bag. To heighten the effect, the package can be painted with colored markers - draw eyes, nose, mouth, pens, some patterns.
So, for the experiment you will need:
- empty wine bottle;
- cork;
- plastic bag.
Statement of experience
- Twist the bag with a tube and put it into the bottle so that the handles are outside.
- Turning the bottle over, ensure that the cork is on the side of the package closer to the neck.
- Inflate the package.
- Gently begin to pull the bag out of the bottle. A cork will come out with it.
Result and scientific explanation
As the bag inflates, it expands inside the bottle, expelling air from the bottle. When we begin to pull out the bag, a vacuum is created inside the bottle, due to which the walls of the bag wrap around the cork and drag it out with them. This is such a strong gin!
To see how this happens, watch the video.
Wrong glass
On the eve of the experiment, ask the children what happens if you turn a glass of water upside down. They will answer that the water will pour out. Say that this happens only with the "correct" glasses. And you have a “wrong” glass from which water does not pour out.
For the experiment you will need:
- glasses with water;
- paints (you can do without them, but this way the experience looks more spectacular; it is better to use acrylic paints- they give more saturated colors);
- paper.
Statement of experience
- Pour into glasses of water.
- Add color to it.
- Moisten the rims of the glasses with water and place a sheet of paper over them.
- Press the paper firmly against the glass, holding it with your hand, turn the glasses upside down.
- Wait for a while until the paper sticks to the glass.
- Remove your hand quickly.
Result and scientific explanation
Surely all children know that we are surrounded by air. Although we do not see him, he, like everything around him, has weight. We feel the touch of air, for example, when the wind blows on us. There is a lot of air, and therefore it presses on the earth and everything that is around. This is called atmospheric pressure.
When we apply paper to a wet glass, it sticks to its walls due to surface tension.
In an inverted glass, between its bottom (now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed filled with air and water vapor. The force of gravity acts on the water, which pulls it down. This increases the space between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water. At constant temperature, the pressure in it decreases and becomes less than atmospheric. The total pressure of air and water on the paper from the inside is slightly less than the air pressure from the outside. Therefore, water does not pour out of the glass. However, after a while the glass will lose its magical properties and the water will still come out. This is due to the evaporation of water, which increases the pressure inside the glass. When it becomes more than atmospheric, the paper will fall off and the water will pour out. But you can't bring it up to this point. So it will be more interesting.
You can watch the progress of the experiment on the video.
Gluttonous bottle
Ask the children if they like to eat. Do they like to eat glass bottles? No? Bottles are not eaten? And here they are wrong. They don’t eat ordinary bottles, but magic bottles are not even averse to having a bite.
For the experiment you will need:
- boiled chicken egg;
- a bottle (to heighten the effect, the bottle can be painted or somehow embellished, but so that the children can see what is happening inside it);
- matches;
- paper.
Statement of experience
- Peel off the shell boiled egg. Who eats eggs in shell?
- Set fire to a piece of paper.
- Throw the burning paper into the bottle.
- Put the egg on the neck of the bottle.
Result and scientific explanation
When we throw burning paper into the bottle, the air in it heats up and expands. By closing the neck with an egg, we prevent the flow of air, as a result of which the fire goes out. The air in the bottle cools and contracts. A pressure difference is created inside the bottle and outside, due to which the egg is sucked into the bottle.
For now, that's all. However, over time, I plan to add a few more experiments to the article. At home, you can, for example, experiment with balloons. Therefore, if you are interested in this topic, add the site to your bookmarks or subscribe to the newsletter. When I add something new, I will inform you about it by e-mail. It took me a lot of time to prepare this article, so please respect my work and when copying materials, be sure to put an active hyperlink to this page.
If you have ever done home experiments for children and put on a science show, write about your impressions in the comments, attach a photo. It will be interesting!
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We have a lot of things in our kitchen with which you can make interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, to make a couple of discoveries from the category of “how I didn’t notice this before.”
website chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.
1. Lava lamp
Need: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, a few food colors, a large transparent glass or glass jar.
Experience: Fill a glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. The oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.
Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.
2. Personal rainbow
Need: A container filled with water (bath, basin), flashlight, mirror, sheet of white paper.
Experience: Pour water into the container and put a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of a flashlight to the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on paper, on which a rainbow should appear.
Explanation: The beam of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it decomposes into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.
3. Volcano
Need: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.
Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle made of clay or sand - for entourage. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.
Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins with the release of water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles and push the contents out.
4. Grow crystals
Need: Salt, water, wire.
Experience: To get crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which when a new portion is added, the salt does not dissolve. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Further, a wire with a small loop at the end can be lowered into the solution. Put the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful flowers will grow on the wire. salt crystals. If you get the hang of it, you can grow quite large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.
Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.
5. Dancing coin
Need: A bottle, a coin that can be used to cover the neck of a bottle, water.
Experience: An empty unclosed bottle should be put in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle taken out of the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to bounce and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.
Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which has compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, and now has heated up and began to expand.
6. Colored milk
Need: Whole milk, food colorings, liquid detergent, cotton buds, plate.
Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of dyes. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in detergent and touch the wand to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will move and the colors will mix.
Explanation: Detergent reacts with fat molecules in milk and sets them in motion. That is why skimmed milk is not suitable for the experiment.
7. Fireproof bill
Need: Ten-rouble note, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).
Experience: IN alcohol solution add a pinch of salt, immerse the bill in the solution so that it is completely soaked. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and allow excess liquid to drain. Set fire to a bill and watch it burn without burning.
Explanation: Combustion ethyl alcohol water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy) are produced. When you set fire to a bill, alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not enough to evaporate the water that the paper bill is soaked in. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.
9 Camera Obscura
You will need:
A camera that supports slow shutter speeds (up to 30 s);
Large sheet of thick cardboard;
Masking tape (for pasting cardboard);
A room with a view of anything;
Sunny day.
1. We seal the window with cardboard so that the light does not come from the street.
2. In the center we make an even hole (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).
3. When the eyes get used to the darkness, an inverted street will be found on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be on a bright sunny day.
4. Now the result can be shot on a camera at a slow shutter speed. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.
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