Beautiful experiments in chemistry at home. Chemistry for children: interesting experiences

In high school, they start chemistry not earlier than the 8th grade, this science is too difficult for children to perceive. But you can prepare a student for the subject in a very simple and boring way - by organizing an experiment in chemistry at home. Such mini-experiments will help to look at science from the other side, and the demonstration of "chemical tricks" on children's holiday significantly increase the degree of fun.

Fireproof banknote

To carry out an incredibly effective, but simple trick, you will need:

• bill;
• water-alcohol solution with an alcohol content of about 50%;
• salt;
• tweezers or tweezers.

A pinch of salt must be added to the solution. Next, a bill is placed in the solution with the help of tweezers. For those who are conducting such an experiment in chemistry for the first time, it is better to take a denomination of a smaller denomination!

After the money is thoroughly wet, they should be picked up again with tweezers and slightly shake off excess liquid from the paper. Now you can set it on fire! The fire will pass through the entire banknote, but not a single edge will even turn red. This is due to the fact that the alcohol contained in the solution burns. In turn, the water that the paper has been soaked with does not have time to evaporate.

crystal eggs

Growing crystals is one of the popular hobbies that offers entertaining chemistry. Experiments with crystallization are most often carried out on sugar, but sugar crystals no longer surprise anyone. We offer a new and unusual spectacle - crystals grown on eggs!

Crystal eggs can be obtained using:

• alum (sold in a pharmacy);
• PVA glue;
• dyes.

Crystals on the eggs will grow very quickly, in just a day. You must first wash the shell and dry it thoroughly. After that, the eggs are smeared with glue and sprinkled with alum. Now they need to lie down for several hours to dry again.

Next, the dye must be dissolved in two glasses of plain water. The amount of dye can be chosen independently, in this case only the color intensity of the crystals depends on it. Eggs are placed in the dye for a day or a day. How longer egg lies in solution, the larger the crystals grow. It is worth taking out ready-made crystal eggs carefully - they are quite fragile.

balloon on bottle

How can you inflate a balloon without helium without any physical effort? To do this, you can use ordinary baking soda and vinegar, which are in the closet in the kitchen of every mother. To conduct this experiment in chemistry, you will need:

• balloon ik;
• bottle;
• 3-4 teaspoons of soda;
• table vinegar.

Soda is poured directly into the ball using a funnel or spoon. After which it is put on a bottle with not big amount vinegar. As soon as the soda from the balloon begins to wake up in the bottle, it begins to swell, as if from helium. This is due to the fact that vinegar reacts with baking soda, releasing carbon dioxide. The balloon inflates thanks to the gas in a few seconds, just catch it!

Multi-colored layers in a bottle

The following experiment in chemistry will clearly explain to the child the concept of the density of a liquid. For this you will need:

• a quarter cup of sunflower oil;
• a quarter cup of water, tinted in any bright color;
• a quarter cup of sugar syrup (for spectacular focus, it is also worth adding dye to it).

The child can predict in advance what will happen when all these liquids are mixed. He will like the result - the syrup will settle down as the densest, the water will be located in the middle, and the oil will remain on top. You can experiment with colors and liquids, making unthinkable compositions. For example, adding different amount sugar into syrup, you can get several liquids of different densities.

Laboratory experiments in chemistry can be quite boring. Such spectacular yet simple tricks will help encourage your child to study science and simply entertain on a rainy day.

Experiments at home are great way introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and facilitate the understanding of complex abstract laws and terms through visual demonstration. Moreover, for their implementation it is not necessary to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without hesitation, we conduct experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to the dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to find out how easy, simple and safe it is to conduct interesting experiments.

Chemical experiments at home

Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and scorched eyebrows immediately appear in your head? Do not worry, our chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what is the difference between them.

So, let's make hatching dinosaur eggs that can be successfully used as bath bombs.

For experience you need:

• small dinosaur figurines;
• baking soda;
• vegetable oil;
• lemon acid;
• food coloring or liquid watercolors.

The order of the experiment

1. Pour ½ cup baking soda into a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid paints (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ tsp of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to get an even color.
2. Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
3. Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
4. You should be able to crumbly dough, which barely sticks together when pressed. If it does not want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
5. Now take a dinosaur figurine and cover it with dough in the shape of an egg. It will be very brittle at first, so it should be left overnight (minimum 10 hours) for it to harden.
6. Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathroom with water and drop an egg into it. It will hiss furiously as it dissolves into the water. It will be cold when touched, as it is an endothermic reaction between an acid and a base, absorbing heat from the environment.

Please note that the bathroom may become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant Toothpaste

Experiments at home, the result of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. One of them is this fun project that ends up with lots of thick, fluffy colored foam.

To carry it out you will need:

• goggles for a child;
• dry active yeast;
• warm water;
• hydrogen peroxide 6%;
• dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
• funnel;
• plastic sequins (necessarily non-metallic);
• food colorings;
• bottle 0.5 l (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom, for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).

The experiment itself is extremely simple:

1. 1 tsp dissolve dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
2. In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and a little dishwashing liquid (several pumps on the dispenser).
3. Insert a funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will start immediately, so act quickly.

The yeast acts as a catalyst and accelerates the release of hydrogen by the peroxide, and when the gas interacts with the soap, it creates great amount foam. This is an exothermic reaction, with the release of heat, so if you touch the bottle after the "eruption" stops, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately escapes, it remains simply lather with which you can play.

Physics experiments at home

Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very weak. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.

For the experiment you will need:

• lemons - 4 pcs.;
• galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
• small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
• alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
• small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

Let there be light

Here's how to do the experience:

1. Roll on a hard surface, then lightly squeeze the lemons to release the juice inside the skins.
2. Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Line them up.
3. Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other end to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all fruits are connected.
4. When you are done, you should be left with one 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
5. Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
6. Turn on a light bulb that will work on the energy of fruits!

To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.

How it works? Lemon acid, contained in a lemon, reacts with two different metals, which causes the ions to move in one direction, creating an electric current. All chemical sources of electricity work on this principle.

Summer fun

You don't have to stay indoors to do some experiments. Some experiments will work better outdoors, and you won't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiences at home with air bubbles, and not simple, but huge.

To make them you will need:

• 2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
• 2 metal screw-in ears;
• 1 metal washer;
• 3 m cotton cord;
• bucket with water;
• any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:

1. Screw metal ears into the ends of the sticks.
2. Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You can not exactly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is 1 to 2.
3. Put a washer on a long piece of rope so that it sags evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the ears on the sticks, forming a loop.
4. Mix in a bucket of water a small amount of detergent.
5. Gently dipping the loop on the sticks into the liquid, start blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experience? Explain to the children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its action is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects in drops that tend to acquire a spherical shape, as the most compact of all that exists in nature, or that water, when poured, collects in cylindrical streams. At the bubble, a layer of liquid molecules is clamped on both sides by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble, and prevent it from quickly evaporating. As long as the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.

Here are some experiments at home you can do with children.

Doing chemistry experiments at home is very exciting. You can feel like a little experimenter, a little pioneer, a little magician.

Here pink and transparent solutions are mixed, the result is green. A cloud flew into the bottle on the windowsill. When heated, a mysterious message appears on a clean sheet, and snakes crawled out of the burning sand. You say that this is impossible and without magic it could not have done? But all these phenomena are based on chemical laws. And for their implementation, you will need "reagents" that everyone has at home, or they can be purchased at a regular pharmacy.

Buy chemical experiments for children

Now in the department for schoolchildren you can see sets for young chemist. This kit contains materials for 3-5 experiments. It's interesting, it's exciting and spectacular. In addition, a child who sets up an experiment with his own hands and examines the result will find it easier to understand what the teacher is talking about in a chemistry lesson. The only negative is that these kits are not cheap. But many experiments can be done by looking for reagents at home.

Chemical experiments for children at home: "A cloud in a bottle"

into transparent plastic bottle pour 1 tbsp. l. alcohol (can be replaced with water, but the reaction will be less active). Twist the bottle so that the alcohol spreads along the walls. Start pumping air into the bottle with the pump (20 pumps is enough). Remove the pump, the bottle has become cold and a cloud will appear in it.

Explanation.

Water molecules, evaporating (alcohol evaporates faster), hover in the air. In the experiment, "water" evaporated from the walls. As the pressure in the bottle increases, the molecules collide and contract. At plummet air temperature drops sharply. This causes the "water" molecules to stick together or condense in the air into small droplets - clouds.

Chemical experiments for children video

Chemical experiments games for children: "Spy"

Who in childhood did not dream of having a pen with invisible ink, when what is written comes through only with a special impact, and an outsider sees only a blank sheet? Such ink can be made in at least 2 ways.

Method 1. Dip the brush in milk (or soda solution) and start writing a message on white paper. After the milk dries, the leaf will become clean again. But if you iron it with an iron, the image will be visible on it.

Explanation.

The ink begins to show when exposed to heat. The combustion temperature of milk is much lower than that of paper. And when the milk "burns", the paper remains white.

Method 2. Instead of milk, it is used lemon juice or thick rice water. And the role of the developer is water with a few drops of iodine.

Chemical experiments for children at home "Egg Ball"

IN glass jar put a raw egg(preferably with a brown shell) and pour vinegar. After a few hours, the shell will begin to "bubble". After 7-8 hours, the shell will dissolve and the egg will turn white. Leave the egg in the solution for a week.

Remove the egg from the solution after 7 days. The vinegar stays clear and the egg looks like a rubber ball. If you go into a dark room with an egg and shine a flashlight on it, it will begin to reflect light. And if you bring the light source closer, then the egg will be enlightened through.

Explanation.

The main component of the eggshell is calcium carbonate. Vinegar dissolves calcium. This process is called decalcification. The shell first becomes soft, and after a while it disappears.

Chemical experiments for children at home video

Chemical experiments at home for children "Volcano Eruption"

Take the Mentos out of the package. Place a bottle half-full of cola on the floor. Quickly pour Mentos into a bottle and run away, otherwise it will foam.

Explanation.

The rough surface of candy is where carbon dioxide is released. The reaction is enhanced by Asparam (a sweetener in cola), which reduces surface tension water, which means facilitating the release of CO2, sodium benzoate, caffeine; gelatin, gum arabic in dragee.

Think next time, maybe you should not drink delicious cola, so as not to provoke a similar reaction in your stomach?

Chemical experiments for children animation: "Crawling snakes"

The biblical legend says that Moses, arguing with the pharaoh, could not convince him and threw his staff on the ground, turning him into a snake. Now scientists have come to the conclusion that it was not a snake, but a chemical reaction.

Sulfanilamide snake.

Attach a streptocide tablet to a wire and heat over an open fire. Snakes will start to crawl out of the medicine. If you pick up one of them with tweezers, the snake will be long.

Explanation.

Any sulfanilamide tablet (sulgin, etazol, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimezin, biseptol, fthalazol) is suitable for the experiment. During the heating of the preparation, rapid oxidation occurs in it with the release of gaseous substances (hydrogen sulfide and water vapor). The gas swells the mass and forms a "snake".

"Sweet" viper.

Pour 100 gr. sifted sand and soak it with 95% alcohol. Form a hill with a "crater" in the middle. Mix 1 teaspoon powdered sugar and ¼ teaspoon of baking soda and pour into a depression in the sand.

Ignite the alcohol (it takes several minutes to ignite). Black balls will begin to appear on the surface, black liquid will accumulate below. When the alcohol burns out, the mixture will turn black and a black snake will begin to crawl out of it, wriggling.

Explanation.

When soda decomposes and alcohol burns, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor are released. Gases swell the mass, provoking it to crawl. The body of a snake is made up of small particles of coal mixed with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which is formed when sugar is burned).

Home chemists-scientists believe that the most useful property detergents is the content of surfactants (surfactants). Surfactants significantly reduce the electrostatic voltage between the particles of substances and break down conglomerates. This feature makes it easier to clean clothes. In this article chemical reactions, which you can repeat with household chemicals, because with the help of surfactants you can not only remove dirt, but also conduct spectacular experiments.

Experience one: a foamy volcano in a jar

It is very easy to carry out this interesting experiment at home. For him you will need:

hydroperite, or (the higher the concentration of the solution, the more intense the reaction and the more effective the eruption of the "volcano"; therefore, it is better to buy tablets at a pharmacy and dilute them in a small volume in a ratio of 1/1 immediately before use (you will get a 50% solution - this is an excellent concentration);

gel detergent for dishes (prepare approximately 50 ml of an aqueous solution);

dye.

Now you need to get an effective catalyst - ammonia. Carefully and drop by drop add the ammonia liquid until completely dissolved.

Consider the formula:

CuSO₄ + 6NH₃ + 2H₂O = (OH)₂ (copper ammonia) + (NH₄)₂SO₄

Peroxide decomposition reaction:

2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂

We make a volcano: mix ammonia with a washing solution in a jar or wide-necked flask. Then quickly pour in the hydroperite solution. The "eruption" can be very strong - for safety reasons, it is better to substitute some kind of container under the volcano flask.

Experience two: the reaction of acid and sodium salts

Perhaps the most common compound that is in every home is baking soda. It reacts with acid, and the result is new salt, water and carbon dioxide. The latter can be detected by hissing and bubbles at the reaction site.

Experience three: "floating" soap bubbles

This is a very simple experience with baking soda. You will need:

• aquarium with a wide bottom;
• baking soda (150-200 grams);
• (6-9% solution);
• soap bubbles (to make your own, mix water, dish soap and glycerin)

On the bottom of the aquarium you need to evenly sprinkle soda and pour it acetic acid. The result is carbon dioxide. It is heavier than air and therefore settles at the bottom of the glass box. To determine if there is CO₂ there, lower a lit match to the bottom - it will instantly go out in carbon dioxide.

NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂

Now you need to blow bubbles into the container. They will slowly move along a horizontal line (the boundary of contact invisible to the eye). carbon dioxide and air, as if swimming in an aquarium).

Experience four: the reaction of soda and acid 2.0

For experience you will need:

• different types of non-hygroscopic food products(e.g. gummies).
• a glass of diluted baking soda (one tablespoon);
• a glass with a solution of acetic or any other available acid (malic,).

Cut pieces of marmalade sharp knife into strips 1-3 cm long and place for processing in a glass with soda solution. Wait 10 minutes and then transfer the pieces to another beaker (with an acid solution).

Ribbons will be overgrown with bubbles of the resulting carbon dioxide and float to the top. On the surface, the bubbles will disappear, the lifting force of the gas will disappear, and the marmalade ribbons will sink, again overgrown with bubbles, and so on until the reagents in the container run out.

Experience five: the properties of alkali and litmus paper

Most detergents contain sodium hydroxide, the most common alkali. Detect its presence in solution detergent possible in this elementary experiment. At home, a young enthusiast can easily conduct it on his own:

• take a strip of litmus paper;
• dissolve some liquid soap in water;
• dip the litmus into the soapy liquid;
• wait for the indicator to color Blue colour, which will indicate the alkaline reaction of the solution.

Click to find out what other experiments to determine the acidity of the environment can be carried out from improvised substances.

Experience six: colored explosions-stains in milk

The experience is based on the properties of the interaction of fats and surfactants. Fat molecules have a special, dual, structure: hydrophilic (interacting, dissociating with water) and hydrophobic (water-insoluble "tail" of a polyatomic compound) end of the molecule.

1. Pour milk into a wide container of small depth (“canvas”, on which a color explosion will be visible). Milk is a suspension, a suspension of fatty molecules in water.
2. With a pipette, add a few drops of water-soluble liquid dye to the milk container. Can be added to different locations of the container different dyes and make a multicolor explosion.
3. Then you need to moisten a cotton swab in liquid detergent and touch the surface of the milk. The white "canvas" of milk turns into a moving palette with paints that move in the liquid like spirals and twist into bizarre curves.

At the core this phenomenon lies the ability of surfactants to fragment (divide into sections) a film of fat molecules on the surface of a liquid. Fat molecules, repelled by their hydrophobic "tails", migrate in the milk suspension, and with them the partially undissolved paint.

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There are very simple experiments that children remember for the rest of their lives. The guys may not fully understand why this is all happening, but when time passes and they find themselves in a lesson in physics or chemistry, a very clear example will surely pop up in their memory.

website collected 7 interesting experiments that children will remember. Everything you need for these experiments is at your fingertips.

refractory ball

It will take: 2 balls, candle, matches, water.

Experience: Inflate a balloon and hold it over a lighted candle to show the children that the balloon will burst from fire. Then pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it up and bring it to the candle again. It turns out that with water the ball can easily withstand the flame of a candle.

Explanation: The water in the balloon absorbs the heat generated by the candle. Therefore, the ball itself will not burn and, therefore, will not burst.

Pencils

You will need: plastic bag, simple pencils, water.

Experience: Pour water halfway into a plastic bag. We pierce the bag through with a pencil in the place where it is filled with water.

Explanation: If you pierce a plastic bag and then pour water into it, it will pour out through the holes. But if you first fill the bag halfway with water and then pierce it with a sharp object so that the object remains stuck in the bag, then almost no water will flow out through these holes. This is due to the fact that when polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our case, the polyethylene is pulled around the pencils.

Non-popping ball

You will need: balloon, wooden skewer and some dishwashing liquid.

Experience: Lubricate the top and bottom with the product and pierce the ball, starting from the bottom.

Explanation: The secret of this trick is simple. In order to save the ball, you need to pierce it at the points of least tension, and they are located at the bottom and at the top of the ball.

Cauliflower

It will take: 4 cups of water, food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.

Experience: Add food coloring of any color to each glass and put one leaf or flower into the water. Leave them overnight. In the morning you will see that they have turned into different colors.

Explanation: Plants absorb water and thus nourish their flowers and leaves. This is due to the capillary effect, in which the water itself tends to fill the thin tubes inside the plants. This is how flowers, grass, and large trees feed. By sucking in tinted water, they change their color.

floating egg

It will take: 2 eggs, 2 glasses of water, salt.

Experience: Gently place the egg in a glass with a simple clean water. As expected, it will sink to the bottom (if not, the egg may be rotten and should not be returned to the refrigerator). Pour warm water into the second glass and stir 4-5 tablespoons of salt in it. For the purity of the experiment, you can wait until the water cools down. Then dip the second egg into the water. It will float near the surface.

Explanation: It's all about density. The average density of an egg is much greater than that of plain water, so the egg sinks down. And the density brine higher, and so the egg rises.

crystal lollipops

It will take: 2 cups water, 5 cups sugar, wooden sticks for mini skewers, thick paper, transparent glasses, saucepan, food coloring.

Experience: Boil in a quarter cup of water sugar syrup with a couple of tablespoons of sugar. Sprinkle some sugar on paper. Then you need to dip the stick in syrup and collect the sugar with it. Next, distribute them evenly on a stick.

Leave the sticks to dry overnight. In the morning, dissolve 5 cups of sugar in 2 cups of water on fire. You can leave the syrup to cool for 15 minutes, but it should not cool down much, otherwise the crystals will not grow. Then pour it into jars and add different food colors. Lower the prepared sticks into a jar of syrup so that they do not touch the walls and bottom of the jar, a clothespin will help with this.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of sugar decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your stick with a seed of sugar grains.

lit match

Need: Matches, flashlight.

Experience: Light a match and hold it at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from the wall. Shine a flashlight on the match and you will see that only your hand and the match itself are reflected on the wall. It would seem obvious, but I never thought about it.

Explanation: Fire does not cast shadows, as it does not prevent light from passing through it.