Interesting scientific experiments. Interesting chemistry experiments you can do at home

Every child has a desire to learn about the world around them. An excellent tool for this is experiments. They will be of interest to both preschoolers and children of primary school age.

Safety rules for home experiments

1. Cover the work surface with paper or polyethylene.

2. During the experiment, do not lean close to avoid damage to the eyes and skin.

3. Use gloves if necessary.

Experience number 1. Dancing raisins and corn

You will need: Raisins, corn kernels, soda, plastic bottle.

Course of the experiment: Soda is poured into the bottle. The raisins go down first, then the corn kernels.

Result: The raisins move up and down with the soda bubbles. But when they reach the surface, the bubbles burst and the grains fall to the bottom.

Let's talk? You can chat about what bubbles are and why they go up. Pay attention that the bubbles are small in size, and can carry along raisins and corn, which are several times larger.

Experience number 2. soft glass

You will need: glass rod, gas burner

The course of the experiment: the rod is heated in the middle. Then it is torn into two halves. A half of the rod is heated by a burner in two places, gently bent into a triangle shape. The second half also heats up, one third is bent, then a ready-made triangle is put on it and the half is bent completely.

Result: the glass rod turned into two triangles linked to each other.

Let's talk? As a result of thermal action, solid glass becomes plastic, viscous. And from it you can make different shapes. What causes glass to become soft? Why does the glass no longer bend after cooling?

Experience number 3. Water rises up the napkin

You will need: a plastic cup, a napkin, water, felt-tip pens

The course of the experiment: the glass is filled with water by 1/3 part. The napkin is folded vertically several times to form a narrow rectangle. Then a piece of about 5 cm wide is cut off from it. This piece must be unfolded to make a long segment. Then step back from the bottom edge about 5-7 cm and start making large dots with each color of the felt-tip pen. A line of colored dots should form.

Then the napkin is placed in a glass of water so that the lower end with the colored line is about 1.5 cm in the water.

Result: water quickly rises up the napkin, painting the entire long piece of napkin with colored stripes.

Let's talk? Why isn't water colorless? How does she get up? The cellulose fibers that make up tissue paper are porous, and water uses them as a way up.

Liked the experience? Then you will also like our special material for children of different ages.

Experience number 4. Rainbow from the water

You will need: a container filled with water (bath, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.

The course of the experiment: a mirror is placed at the bottom of the container. The light of the flashlight is directed to the mirror. The light from it must be caught on paper.

Result: A rainbow will be visible on paper.

Let's talk? Light is the source of color. There are no paints and felt-tip pens to color the water, a sheet or a flashlight, but suddenly a rainbow appears. This is the spectrum of colors. What colors do you know?

Experience number 5. Sweet and colorful

You will need: sugar, multi-colored food paints, 5 glass cups, a tablespoon.

The course of the experiment: a different number of tablespoons of sugar is added to each glass. One spoon in the first glass, two in the second, and so on. The fifth glass remains empty. In the glasses, put in order, pour 3 tablespoons of water and mix. Then a few drops of one paint are added to each glass and mixed. The first is red, the second is yellow, the third is green, and the fourth is blue. In a clean glass with clear water, we begin to add the contents of the glasses, starting with red, then yellow and in order. It must be added very carefully.

Result: 4 multi-colored layers are formed in the glass.

Let's talk? More sugar increases the density of water. Therefore, this layer will be the lowest in the glass. The least sugar is in the red liquid, so it will be on top.

Experience number 6. Figurines made of gelatin

You will need: a glass, a blotter, 10 grams of gelatin, water, animal molds, a plastic bag.

The course of the experiment: pour gelatin into 1/4 cup of water and let it swell. Heat it in a water bath and dissolve (about 50 degrees). Pour the resulting solution onto the bag in an even thin layer and dry. Then cut out animal shapes. Put on a blotter or napkin and breathe on the figures.

Result: The figures will begin to bend.

Let's talk? Breathing moisturizes the gelatin on one side, and because of this, it begins to increase in volume and bend. As an option: take 4-5 grams of gelatin, let it swell and then dissolve, then pour it onto glass and put it in the freezer or take it out to the balcony in winter. After a few days, remove the glass, remove the thawed gelatin. It will have a clear pattern of ice crystals.

Experience number 7. Hairstyle egg

You will need: an egg shell with a conical part, cotton wool, felt-tip pens, water, alfalfa seeds, an empty roll of toilet paper.

The course of the experiment: the shell is installed in the coil in such a way that the conical part is located down. Cotton wool is placed inside, on which alfalfa seeds are poured and watered abundantly. You can draw eyes, nose and mouth on the shell and put it on the sunny side.

Result: after 3 days, the little man will have “hairs”.

Let's talk? Soil is not required for grass to sprout. Sometimes even water is enough for sprouts to appear.

Experience number 8. Draws the sun

You will need: flat small objects (you can cut out figures from foam rubber), a sheet of black paper.

The course of the experiment: in a place where the sun shines brightly, put black paper. Place stencils, figurines, children's molds loosely on the sheets.

Result: When the sun sets, you can remove objects and see the prints of the sun.

Let's talk? Under the influence of sunlight, the black color fades. Why is the paper dark in places of the figures?

Experience number 10. color in milk

You will need: milk, food coloring, cotton swab, dishwashing detergent.

The course of the experiment: a little food coloring is poured into milk. After a short wait, the milk begins to move. Patterns, stripes, swirling lines are obtained. You can add a different color, blow on milk. Then the cotton swab is dipped in dishwashing detergent and lowered into the center of the plate. Dyes begin to move more intensively, mix, forming circles.

Result: various patterns, spirals, circles, spots are formed in the plate.

Let's talk? Milk is made up of fat molecules. When the agent appears, the molecules are broken, which leads to their rapid movement. Therefore, dyes are mixed.

Experience number 10. Waves in a bottle

You will need: sunflower oil, water, a bottle, food coloring.

The course of the experiment: water is poured into the bottle (a little more than half) and mixed with the dye. Then ¼ cup vegetable oil is added. The bottle is carefully twisted and placed on its side so that the oil rises to the surface. We begin to swing the bottle back and forth, thereby forming waves.

Result: waves form on an oily surface, like on the sea.

Let's talk? The density of oil is less than the density of water. Therefore, it is on the surface. Waves are the top layer of water moving due to the direction of the wind. The lower layers of water remain motionless.

Experience number 11. colored drops

You will need: a container of water, mixing containers, BF glue, toothpicks, acrylic paints.

The course of the experiment: BF glue is squeezed out into a container. A specific dye is added to each container. And then alternately placed in the water.

Result: Colored droplets are attracted to each other, forming multi-colored islands.

Let's talk? Liquids of the same density attract while liquids of different densities repel each other.

Experience number 12. We draw with a magnet

You will need: magnets of various shapes, iron filings, a sheet of paper, a paper cup.

The course of the experiment: place the sawdust in a glass. Put the magnets on the table and cover each with a sheet of paper. A thin layer of sawdust is poured onto the paper.

Result: Lines and patterns form around the magnets.

Let's talk? Every magnet has a magnetic field. This is a space in which metal objects move as the attraction of a magnet dictates. A circle is formed near a round magnet, since its field of attraction is the same everywhere. Why does a rectangular magnet have a different sawdust pattern?

Experience number 13. lava lamp

You will need: Two glasses, two effervescent aspirin tablets, sunflower oil, two types of juice.

The course of the experiment: glasses are filled with juice by about 2/3. Then sunflower oil is added so that three centimeters remain to the edge of the glass. An aspirin tablet is thrown into each glass.

Result: the contents of the glasses will begin to hiss, boil, foam will rise.

Let's talk? What reaction does aspirin cause? Why? Do layers of juice and oil mix? Why?

Experience number 14. The box is rolling

You will need: a shoe box, a ruler, 10 round felt-tip pens, scissors, a ruler, a balloon.

Experience: a square hole is cut in the smaller side of the box. The ball is placed in the box so that its hole can be pulled out of the square a little. You need to inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. Then put all the markers under the box and release the ball.

Result: As long as the balloon is deflated, the box will move. When all the air is out, the box will drive a little more and stop.

Let's talk? Objects change the state of rest or, as in our case, uniform motion in a straight line, if a force begins to act on them. And the desire to preserve the previous state, before the impact of force, is inertia. What role does the ball play? What force prevents the box from moving forward? (friction force)

Experience number 15. false mirror

You will need: mirror, pencil, four books, paper.

The course of the experiment: books are stacked, and a mirror is leaning against them. Paper is placed under its edge. The left hand is placed in front of a piece of paper. The chin is placed on the hand so that one can only look in the mirror, but not at the sheet. Looking in the mirror, write your name on the paper. Now look at the paper.

Result: almost all letters are upside down, except for symmetrical ones.

Let's talk? The mirror changes the image. That's why they say "mirror image". So you can come up with your own, unusual cipher.

Experience No. 16. living mirror

You will need: a straight transparent glass, a small mirror, adhesive tape

The course of the experiment: the glass is attached to the mirror with adhesive tape. It is filled with water to the brim. You need to bring your face closer to the glass.

Result: The image is reduced. If you tilt your head to the right, you can see in the mirror how it leans to the left.

Let's talk? Water refracts the image, and the mirror slightly distorts.

Experience No. 17. flame imprint

You will need: tin can, candle, sheet of paper.

The course of the experiment: the jar must be tightly wrapped with a piece of paper and kept in a candle flame for several seconds.

Result: removing a sheet of paper, you can see an imprint on it in the form of a candle flame.

Let's talk? The paper is tightly pressed to the bank and does not have access to oxygen, which means it does not burn.

Experience number 18. silver egg

You will need: wire, a container of water, matches, a candle, a boiled egg.

The course of the experiment: a stand is created from the wire. The boiled egg is peeled, mounted on a wire, and a candle is placed under it. The egg is evenly turned until it is smoked. Then it is removed from the wire and lowered into the water.

Result: After a while, the top layer peels off and the egg turns silver.

Let's talk? What changed the color of the egg? What did it become? Let's cut it open and see what it's like inside.

Experience No. 19. saving spoon

You will need: Teaspoon, glass mug with handle, twine.

The course of the experiment: one end of the string is tied to a spoon, the other end to the handle of the mug. The twine is thrown over the index finger so that there is a spoon on one side and a mug on the other, and is released.

Result: The glass will not fall, the spoon, rising up, will remain near the finger.

Let's talk? The momentum of the teaspoon keeps the mug from falling.

Experience number 20. painted flowers

You will need: flowers with white petals, water containers, a knife, water, food coloring.

The course of the experiment: you need to fill the containers with water and add a certain dye to each. One flower should be set aside, and the rest should be cut off the stems with a sharp knife. This should be done in warm water, obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees, by 2 cm. When moving flowers in containers with dyes, you need to pinch the cut with your finger so that air pockets do not form. After placing the flowers in containers with dyes, you need to take the postponed flowers. Cut its stem lengthwise into two parts to the center. Place one part of the stem in a red container, and the other in a blue or green container.

Result: water will rise up the stems and color the petals in different colors. This will happen in about a day.

Let's talk? Examine each part of the flower to see how the water rose. Are the stem and leaves painted? How long will the color last?

We wish you an exciting pastime and new knowledge while conducting experiments for children!

Experiments were collected by Tamara Gerasimovich

A small selection of entertaining experiments and experiments for children.

Chemical and physical experiments

solvent

For example, try to dissolve everything around with your child! We take a pot or a basin with warm water, and the child begins to put there everything that, in his opinion, can dissolve. Your task is to prevent valuable things and living beings from being thrown into the water, look in surprise into the container with the baby to find out if spoons, pencils, handkerchiefs, erasers, toys have dissolved there. and offer substances such as salt, sugar, soda, milk. The child will gladly begin to dissolve them too and, believe me, will be very surprised when he realizes that they dissolve!
Water under the influence of other chemicals changes its color. The substances themselves, interacting with water, also change, in our case they dissolve. The following two experiments are devoted to this property of water and some substances.

magic water

Show your child how, as if by magic, water in an ordinary jar changes its color. Pour water into a glass jar or glass and dissolve a phenolphthalein tablet in it (it is sold in a pharmacy and is better known as Purgen). The liquid will be clear. Then add a solution of baking soda - it will turn into an intense pink-raspberry color. Having enjoyed such a transformation, add vinegar or citric acid there too - the solution will discolor again.

"Live" fish

First, prepare the solution: add 10 g of dry gelatin to a quarter cup of cold water and let it swell well. Heat the water to 50 degrees in a water bath and make sure that the gelatin is completely dissolved. Pour the solution in a thin layer onto plastic wrap and allow to air dry. From the resulting thin leaf, you can cut out the silhouette of a fish. Put the fish on a napkin and breathe on it. Breathing will moisten the jelly, it will increase in volume, and the fish will begin to bend.

lotus flowers

Cut flowers with long petals from colored paper. Using a pencil, twist the petals towards the center. And now lower the multi-colored lotuses into the water poured into the basin. Literally before your eyes, the flower petals will begin to bloom. This is because the paper gets wet, gradually becomes heavier, and the petals open. The same effect can be observed on the example of ordinary spruce or pine cones. You can offer the children to leave one cone in the bathroom (wet place) and later be surprised that the scales of the cone closed and they became dense, and put the other on the battery - the cone will open its scales.

Islands

Water can not only dissolve certain substances, but also has a number of other remarkable properties. For example, it is able to cool hot substances and objects, while they become harder. The experience below will help not only to understand this, but also allow your little one to create his own world with mountains and seas.
Take a saucer and pour water into it. We paint with paints in a bluish-greenish or any other color. This is the Sea. Then we take a candle and, as soon as the paraffin melts in it, we turn it over the saucer so that it drips into the water. By changing the height of the candle above the saucer, we get different shapes. Then these "islands" can be connected to each other, you can see what they look like, or you can take them out and stick them on paper with a drawn sea.

In search of fresh water

How to get drinking water from salt water? Pour water with your child into a deep basin, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place washed pebbles on the bottom of an empty plastic cup so that it does not float up, but its edges should be above the water level in the basin. Stretch the film from above, tying it around the pelvis. Squeeze the film in the center over the glass and put another pebble in the recess. Place your basin in the sun. After a few hours, clean, unsalted drinking water will accumulate in the glass. This is explained simply: the water begins to evaporate in the sun, the condensate settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. Salt does not evaporate and remains in the pelvis.
Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of liquid in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.

Making a cloud

Pour into a three-liter jar of hot water (about 2.5 cm). Place a few ice cubes on a baking sheet and place it on top of the jar. The air inside the jar, rising up, will cool. The water vapor it contains will condense to form a cloud.

And where does the rain come from? It turns out that the drops, heated up on the ground, rise up. It gets cold there, and they huddle together, forming clouds. When they meet together, they increase, become heavy and fall to the ground in the form of rain.

Volcano on the table

Mom and dad can be wizards too. They can even do. real volcano! Arm yourself with a "magic wand", cast a spell, and the "eruption" will begin. Here is a simple recipe for witchcraft: add vinegar to baking soda as we do for dough. Only soda should be more, say, 2 tablespoons. Put it in a saucer and pour the vinegar directly from the bottle. A violent neutralization reaction will begin, the contents of the saucer will begin to foam and boil in large bubbles (carefully, do not bend over!). For greater effect, you can fashion a “volcano” from plasticine (a cone with a hole at the top), place it on a saucer with soda, and pour vinegar into the hole from above. At some point, the foam will begin to splash out of the "volcano" - the sight is simply fantastic!
This experience clearly shows the interaction of alkali with acid, the neutralization reaction. By preparing and carrying out the experiment, you can tell the child about the existence of an acidic and alkaline environment. The experiment "Home Sparkling Water", which is described below, is devoted to the same topic. And older children can continue their study with the following exciting experience.

Table of natural indicators

Many vegetables, fruits and even flowers contain substances that change color depending on the acidity of the environment. From improvised material (fresh, dried or ice cream), prepare a decoction and test it in an acidic and alkaline environment (the decoction itself is a neutral medium, water). A solution of vinegar or citric acid is suitable as an acidic medium, a solution of soda is suitable as an alkaline medium. Only you need to cook them immediately before the experiment: they deteriorate over time. Tests can be carried out as follows: in empty cells from under the eggs, pour, say, a solution of soda and vinegar (each in its own row, so that there is a cell with alkali opposite each cell with acid). Drip (or rather pour) a little freshly prepared broth or juice into each pair of cells and observe the color change. Record the results in a table. Color changes can be recorded, or you can paint with paints: it is easier to achieve the desired shade with them.
If your baby is older, he will most likely want to take part in the experiments himself. Give him a strip of universal indicator paper (available at chemical stores and gardening stores) and suggest moistening it with any liquid: saliva, tea, soup, water, whatever. The humidified place will be colored, and the scale on the box will indicate whether you have studied an acidic or alkaline environment. Usually this experience causes a storm of enthusiasm in children and gives parents a lot of free time.

Salt miracles

Have you already grown crystals with your baby? It's not difficult at all, but it will take a few days. Prepare a supersaturated salt solution (one in which the salt does not dissolve when a new portion is added) and carefully dip a seed into it, say, a wire with a small loop at the end. After some time, crystals will appear on the seed. You can experiment and lower not a wire, but a woolen thread into a saline solution. The result will be the same, but the crystals will be distributed differently. For those who are especially keen, I recommend making wire crafts, such as a Christmas tree or a spider, and also placing them in a salt solution.

Secret letter

This experience can be combined with the popular game "Find the Treasure", or you can simply write to someone from home. There are two ways to make such a letter at home: 1. Dip a pen or brush in milk and write a message on white paper. Be sure to let dry. You can read such a letter by holding it over the steam (do not burn yourself!) or by ironing it. 2. Write a letter with lemon juice or citric acid solution. To read it, dissolve a few drops of pharmacy iodine in water and lightly moisten the text.
Is your child already grown up or did you get a taste of it yourself? Then the following experiences are for you. They are somewhat more complicated than previously described, but it is quite possible to cope with them at home. Still be very careful with reagents!

Coke fountain

Coca-Cola (a solution of phosphoric acid with sugar and dye) reacts very interestingly to the placement of Mentos lozenges in it. The reaction is expressed in a fountain, literally beating from a bottle. It is better to do such an experiment on the street, since the reaction is poorly controlled. "Mentos" is better to crush a little, and take a liter Coca-Cola. The effect exceeds all expectations! After this experience, I do not want to use all this inside. I recommend conducting this experiment with children who love chemical drinks and sweets.

Drown and eat

Wash two oranges. Put one of them in a saucepan filled with water. He will swim. Try to drown him - it will never work!
Peel the second orange and put it in the water. Are you surprised? The orange has sunk. Why? Two identical oranges, but one drowned and the other floated? Explain to your child: “There are a lot of air bubbles in an orange peel. They push the orange to the surface of the water. Without the peel, the orange sinks because it is heavier than the water it displaces.

live yeast

Tell the children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (meaning that microbes can be beneficial as well as harmful). When they feed, they release carbon dioxide, which, mixed with flour, sugar and water, “raises” the dough, making it lush and tasty. Dry yeast is like little lifeless balls. But this is only until the millions of tiny microbes that dormant in a cold and dry form come to life. But they can be revived! Pour two tablespoons of warm water into a pitcher, add two teaspoons of yeast to it, then one teaspoon of sugar and stir. Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, pulling a balloon over its neck. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water. And then a miracle will happen in front of the children's eyes.
The yeast will come to life and begin to eat sugar, the mixture will fill with bubbles of carbon dioxide already familiar to children, which they begin to release. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.

"Bait" for ice

1. Dip the ice into the water.

2. Put the thread on the edge of the glass so that it lies at one end on an ice cube floating on the surface of the water.

3. Pour a little salt on the ice and wait 5-10 minutes.

4. Take the free end of the thread and pull the ice cube out of the glass.

Salt, hitting the ice, slightly melts a small area of ​​it. Within 5-10 minutes, the salt dissolves in water, and pure water on the surface of the ice freezes along with the thread.

physics.

If you make several holes in a plastic bottle, it will become even more interesting to study its behavior in water. First, make a hole in the wall of the bottle just above the bottom. Fill the bottle with water and watch with your baby how it pours out. Then pierce a few more holes, located one above the other. How will the water flow now? Will the baby notice that the lower the hole, the more powerful the fountain breaks out of it? Let the kids experiment with the pressure of the jets for their own pleasure, and older children can be explained that the water pressure increases with depth. That is why the lower fountain beats the most.

Why does an empty bottle float and a full one sink? And what are these funny bubbles that pop out of the neck of an empty bottle, if you remove the cap from it and lower it under water? And what will happen to water if you first pour it into a glass, then into a bottle, and then pour it into a rubber glove? Pay attention to the fact that the water takes the form of the vessel into which it was poured.

Does your baby already determine the temperature of the water by touch? It’s great if, by dipping the pen into the water, he can tell if the water is warm, cold or hot. But not everything is so simple, pens can be easily fooled. For this trick, you will need three bowls. In the first we pour cold water, in the second - hot (but such that you can safely lower your hand into it), in the third - water at room temperature. Now offer baby dip one hand into a bowl of hot water, the other into a bowl of cold. Let him hold his hands there for about a minute, and then plunge them into the third bowl, where there is room water. Ask child what he feels. Although the hands are in the same bowl, the sensations will be completely different. Now you can’t tell for sure if it’s hot or cold water.

Soap bubbles in the cold

For experiments with soap bubbles in the cold, you need to prepare shampoo or soap diluted in snow water, to which a small amount of pure glycerin is added, and a plastic tube from a ballpoint pen. Bubbles are easier to blow indoors in a cold room, as winds almost always blow outside. Large bubbles are easily blown out with a plastic pouring funnel.

The bubble freezes at about –7°C upon slow cooling. The surface tension coefficient of a soap solution slightly increases upon cooling to 0°C, and upon further cooling below 0°C, it decreases and becomes equal to zero at the moment of freezing. The spherical film will not contract even though the air inside the bubble is compressed. Theoretically, the bubble diameter should decrease during cooling to 0°C, but by such a small amount that it is very difficult to determine this change in practice.

The film turns out to be not fragile, which, it would seem, should be a thin crust of ice. If you allow a crystallized soap bubble to fall to the floor, it will not break, will not turn into ringing fragments, like a glass ball, which is used to decorate a Christmas tree. Dents will appear on it, individual fragments will twist into tubes. The film is not brittle, it exhibits plasticity. The plasticity of the film turns out to be a consequence of its small thickness.

We bring to your attention four entertaining experiments with soap bubbles. The first three experiments should be carried out at –15...–25°C, and the last one at –3...–7°C.

Experience 1

Take the jar of soapy water out into the cold and blow out the bubble. Immediately, small crystals appear at different points on the surface, which grow rapidly and finally merge. As soon as the bubble is completely frozen, a dent forms in its upper part, near the end of the tube.

The air in the bubble and the shell of the bubble are cooler at the bottom, since there is a less cooled tube at the top of the bubble. Crystallization spreads from bottom to top. The less cooled and thinner (due to solution flow) upper part of the bubble shell sags under atmospheric pressure. The more the air inside the bubble is cooled, the larger the dent becomes.

Experience 2

Dip the end of the tube into the soapy water, and then remove it. A column of solution about 4 mm high will remain at the lower end of the tube. Place the end of the tube on the palm of your hand. The column will be greatly reduced. Now blow the bubble until a rainbow color appears. The bubble turned out with very thin walls. Such a bubble behaves in a peculiar way in the cold: as soon as it freezes, it immediately bursts. So getting a frozen bubble with very thin walls is never possible.

The thickness of the bubble wall can be considered equal to the thickness of the monomolecular layer. Crystallization begins at individual points on the film surface. The water molecules at these points should approach each other and arrange themselves in a certain order. The rearrangement in the arrangement of water molecules and relatively thick films does not lead to breaking the bonds between water and soap molecules, while the thinnest films are destroyed.

Experience 3

Pour an equal amount of soap solution into two jars. Add a few drops of pure glycerin to one. Now from these solutions blow out two approximately equal bubbles one by one and put them on a glass plate. The freezing of a bubble with glycerin proceeds a little differently than a bubble from a shampoo solution: the onset is delayed, and the freezing itself is slower. Please note: a frozen bubble from a shampoo solution lasts longer in the cold than a frozen bubble with glycerin.

The walls of a frozen bubble from a shampoo solution are a monolithic crystalline structure. Intermolecular bonds in any place are exactly the same and strong, while in a frozen bubble from the same solution with glycerol, strong bonds between water molecules are weakened. In addition, these bonds are broken by the thermal movement of glycerol molecules, so the crystal lattice quickly sublimates, and therefore, is destroyed faster.

Glass bottle and ball.

We warm the bottle well, put the ball on the neck. Now let's put the bottle in a bowl of cold water - the ball will be "swallowed" by the bottle!

Match dressing.

We put several matches in a bowl of water, put a piece of refined sugar in the center of the bowl and - lo and behold! Matches will gather in the center. Perhaps our matches are sweet!? And now let's remove the sugar and drop a little liquid soap into the center of the bowl: matches don't like it - they "scatter" in different directions! In fact, everything is simple: sugar absorbs water, thereby creating its movement towards the center, and soap, on the contrary, spreads over the water and drags the matches with it.

Cinderella. static voltage.

We need the balloon again, only already inflated. Sprinkle a teaspoon of salt and ground pepper on the table. Mix well. Now let's imagine ourselves as Cinderellas and try to separate the pepper from the salt. It doesn’t work out ... Now let's rub our ball on something woolen and bring it to the table: all the pepper, as if by magic, will be on the ball! We enjoy the miracle, and whisper to young physicists of an older age that the ball becomes negatively charged from friction with wool, and peppercorns, or rather, pepper electrons, acquire a positive charge and are attracted to the ball. But in salt electrons move poorly, so it remains neutral, does not acquire a charge from the ball, so it does not stick to it!

Straw pipette

1. Put 2 glasses side by side: one with water, the other empty.

2. Dip the straw into the water.

3. Hold the straw on top with your index finger and transfer it to an empty glass.

4. Remove your finger from the straw - water will flow into an empty glass. By doing the same several times, we can transfer all the water from one glass to another.

The pipette, which is probably in your home first aid kit, works on the same principle.

straw flute

1. Flatten the end of a straw about 15 mm long and cut its edges with scissors2. From the other end of the straw, cut 3 small holes at the same distance from each other.

This is how the "flute" turned out. If you lightly blow into the straw, slightly squeezing it with your teeth, the "flute" will start to sound. If you close one or the other hole of the “flute” with your fingers, the sound will change. And now let's try to pick up some melody.

Additionally.

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1. Smell, taste, touch, listen
Task: to consolidate children's ideas about the sense organs, their purpose (ears - to hear, recognize various sounds; nose - to determine the smell; fingers - to determine the shape, surface structure; tongue - to determine the taste).

Materials: a screen with three round slots (for hands and nose), a newspaper, a bell, a hammer, two stones, a rattle, a whistle, a talking doll, cases from kinder surprises with holes; in cases: garlic, orange slice; foam rubber with perfume, lemon, sugar.

Description. Newspapers, a bell, a hammer, two stones, a rattle, a whistle, a talking doll are laid out on the table. Grandfather Know invites children to play with him. Children are given the opportunity to explore subjects on their own. During this acquaintance, Grandfather Know talks with the children, asking questions, for example: “How do these objects sound?”, “With what help were you able to hear these sounds?” etc.
The game "Guess what sounds" - a child behind a screen chooses an object with which he then makes a sound, other children guess. They name the object with which the sound is made, and say that they heard it with their ears.
The game "Guess by smell" - the children put their noses to the window of the screen, and the teacher offers to guess by the smell what is in his hands. What is this? How did you know? (The nose helped us.)
The game "Guess the taste" - the teacher invites children to guess the taste of lemon, sugar.
The game "Guess by touch" - the children put their hand into the opening of the screen, guess the object and then take it out.
Name our assistants who help us to recognize an object by sound, by smell, by taste. What would happen if we didn't have them?

2. Why does everything sound?
Task: to bring children to an understanding of the causes of sound: the vibration of an object.

Materials: tambourine, glass cup, newspaper, balalaika or guitar, wooden ruler, glockenspiel

Description: Game "What sounds?" - the teacher invites the children to close their eyes, and he himself makes sounds with the help of known im-objects. Children guess what sounds. Why do we hear these sounds? What is sound? Children are invited to portray with their voice: how does a mosquito ring? (Z-z-z.)
How does a fly buzz? (F-f-f.) How does the bumblebee buzz? (Woo.)
Then each child is invited to touch the string of the instrument, listen to its sound and then touch the string with his palm to stop the sound. What happened? Why did the sound stop? The sound continues as long as the string vibrates. When it stops, the sound also disappears.
Does the wooden ruler have a voice? Children are invited to extract the sound with a ruler. We press one end of the ruler to the table, and clap our palm on the free end. What happens to the line? (Shakes, hesitates.) How to stop the sound? (Stop the vibrations of the ruler with your hand.) We extract the sound from the glass with a stick, stop. When does sound occur? Sound occurs when there is a very rapid forward and backward movement of air. This is called oscillation. Why does everything sound? What other items can you name that will sound?

3. Clear water
Task: to identify the properties of water (transparent, odorless, pours, has weight).

Materials: two opaque jars (one filled with water), a wide-mouthed glass jar, spoons, small dippers, a basin of water, a tray, object pictures.

Description. Drop came to visit. Who is Droplet? What does she like to play with?
On the table are two opaque jars closed with lids, one of them is filled with water. Children are invited to guess what is in these jars without opening them. Are they the same weight? Which one is easier? Which one is harder? Why is she heavier? We open the jars: one is empty - therefore light, the other is filled with water. How did you guess it was water? What color is she? What does water smell like?
An adult invites children to fill a glass jar with water. To do this, they are offered a choice of different containers. What is more convenient to pour? How to make sure that water does not spill on the table? What are we doing? (Pour, pour water.) What does the water do? (It pours.) Let's listen to how it pours. What sound do we hear?
When the jar is filled with water, the children are invited to play the game "Find out and name" (looking at pictures through the jar). What did you see? Why is the picture so clear?
What kind of water? (Transparent.) What have we learned about water?

4. Water takes shape
Task: to reveal that water takes the form of a vessel in which it is poured.

Materials, funnels, narrow tall glass, round vessel, wide bowl, rubber glove, equally sized bowls, balloon, plastic bag, basin of water, trays, worksheets with sketched vessel shapes, colored pencils.

Description. In front of the children - a basin of water and various vessels. The Curious Little Gal tells how he walked, swam in puddles, and he had a question: “Can water have any form?” How to check it? What shape are these vessels? Let's fill them with water. What is more convenient to pour water into a narrow vessel? (Ladle through a funnel.) Children pour two ladles of water into all vessels and determine whether the amount of water in different vessels is the same. Consider what shape the water is in different vessels. It turns out that water takes the form of the vessel in which it is poured. The results obtained are sketched in the worksheets - children paint over various vessels

5. Foam pillow
Task: to develop in children the idea of ​​​​the buoyancy of objects in soap suds (buoyancy does not depend on the size of the object, but on its weight).

Materials: a bowl of water on a tray, whisks, a jar of liquid soap, pipettes, a sponge, a bucket, wooden sticks, various items for testing buoyancy.

Description. Bear cub Misha says that he learned how to make not only soap bubbles, but also soap foam. And today he wants to know if all objects sink in soap suds? How to make soap foam?
Children pick up liquid soap with a pipette and release it into a bowl of water. Then they try to beat the mixture with chopsticks, a whisk. What is more convenient to whip the foam? What is the foam like? They try to lower various objects into the foam. What is floating? What is sinking? Do all objects float in the same way?
Are all objects that float the same size? What determines the buoyancy of objects?

6. Air is everywhere
Tasks, to detect air in the surrounding space and to reveal its property - invisibility.

Materials, balloons, a basin of water, an empty plastic bottle, sheets of paper.

Description. Curious Little Gal makes a riddle to the children about the air.
Passes through the nose to the chest and back keeps the way. He is invisible, and yet we cannot live without him. (Air)
What do we breathe in through our nose? What is air? What is it for? Can we see it? Where is the air? How to know if there is air around?
Game exercise "Feel the air" - children wave a piece of paper near their face. What do we feel? We do not see air, but it surrounds us everywhere.
Do you think there is air in an empty bottle? How can we check this? An empty transparent bottle is lowered into a basin of water so that it begins to fill. What's happening? Why do bubbles come out of the neck? It is the water that displaces the air from the bottle. Most things that look empty are actually filled with air.
Name the objects that we fill with air. Children inflate balloons. What do we fill the balloons with?
Air fills any space, so nothing is empty.

7. Air running
Task: to give children an idea that air can move objects (sailing ships, balloons, etc.).

Materials: a plastic bath, a basin of water, a sheet of paper; a piece of plasticine, a stick, balloons.

Description. Grandfather Know invites children to consider balloons. What's inside them? What are they filled with? Can air move objects? How can this be checked? He launches an empty plastic bath into the water and suggests to the children: "Try to make it swim." Children blow on her. What can you think of to make the boat swim faster? Attaches the sail, makes the boat move again. Why does a boat move faster with a sail? More air presses on the sail, so the bath moves faster.
What other items can we make move? How can you make a balloon move? Balloons are inflated, released, children watch their movement. Why is the ball moving? The air escapes from the balloon and makes it move.
Children independently play with a boat, a ball

8. Each stone has its own house
Tasks: classification of stones by shape, size, color, surface features (smooth, rough); show children the possibility of using stones for play purposes.

Materials: various stones, four boxes, sand trays, a model for examining an object, pictures-schemes, a path of pebbles.

Description. The bunny gives the children a chest with different pebbles, which he collected in the forest, near the lake. The children are looking at them. How are these stones similar? They act in accordance with the model: they press on the stones, they knock. All stones are hard. How are stones different from each other? Then draws the attention of children to the color, shape of the stones, offers to feel them. Notes that there are smooth stones, there are rough ones. The bunny asks to help him arrange the stones into four boxes according to the following criteria: in the first - smooth and rounded; in the second - small and rough; in the third - large and not round; in the fourth - reddish. Children work in pairs. Then everyone together consider how the stones are laid out, count the number of pebbles.
Playing with pebbles “Lay out the picture” - the bunny distributes pictures-schemes to the children (Fig. 3) and offers to lay them out of the pebbles. Children take trays of sand and lay out a picture in the sand according to the scheme, then lay out the picture as they wish.
Children walk along the path of pebbles. What do you feel? What kind of pebbles?

9. Is it possible to change the shape of stone and clay
Task: to identify the properties of clay (wet, soft, viscous, you can change its shape, divide it into parts, sculpt) and stone (dry, hard, you can’t sculpt it, you can’t divide it into parts).

Materials: modeling boards, clay, river stone, a model for examining an object.

Description. According to the model of examining the subject, Grandfather Know invites children to find out whether it is possible to change the shape of the proposed natural materials. To do this, he invites children to press a finger on clay, a stone. Where is the finger hole? What stone? (Dry, hard.) What kind of clay? (Wet, soft, pits remain.) Children take turns taking a stone in their hands: they crush it, roll it in their palms, pull it in different directions. Has the stone changed shape? Why can't you break off a piece of it? (The stone is hard, nothing can be molded from it with hands, it cannot be divided into parts.) Children take turns crushing clay, pulling it in different directions, dividing it into parts. What is the difference between clay and stone? (Clay is not the same as stone, it is soft, it can be divided into parts, clay changes shape, it can be sculpted.)
Children sculpt various clay figurines. Why don't the figurines fall apart? (Clay is viscous and retains its shape.) What other material is similar to clay?

10. Light is everywhere
Tasks: show the meaning of light, explain that light sources can be natural (sun, moon, bonfire), artificial - made by people (lamp, flashlight, candle).

Materials: illustrations of events taking place at different times of the day; pictures with images of light sources; several objects that do not give light; a flashlight, a candle, a table lamp, a chest with a slot.

Description. Grandfather Know invites the children to determine whether it is dark or light now, explain their answer. What is shining now? (Sun.) What else can illuminate objects when it is dark in nature? (Moon, bonfire.) Invites children to find out what is in the “magic chest” (inside a flashlight). Children look through the slot and note that it is dark, nothing is visible. How to make the box become lighter? (Open the chest, then the light will hit and illuminate everything inside it.) Opens the chest, the light hits, and everyone sees a flashlight.
And if we do not open the chest, how can we make it light inside? Lights a flashlight, lowers it into the chest. Children look at the light through the slit.
The game “Light is different” - grandfather Know invites children to decompose pictures into two groups: light in nature, artificial light - made by people. What shines brighter - a candle, a flashlight, a table lamp? Demonstrate the effect of these objects, compare, arrange pictures with the image of these objects in the same sequence. What shines brighter - the sun, the moon, the fire? Compare the pictures and sort them according to the degree of brightness of the light (from the brightest).

11. Light and shadow
Tasks: to introduce the formation of shadows from objects, to establish the similarity of the shadow and the object, to create images using shadows.

Materials: shadow theater equipment, lantern.

Description. Bear cub Misha comes with a flashlight. The teacher asks him: “What do you have? What do you need a flashlight for? Misha offers to play with him. The lights go out, the room darkens. With the help of a teacher, children illuminate with a flashlight and examine various objects. Why do we see everything well when a flashlight shines? Misha puts his paw in front of the flashlight. What do we see on the wall? (Shadow.) Offers the children to do the same. Why is there a shadow? (The hand interferes with the light and does not allow it to reach the wall.) The teacher suggests using the hand to show the shadow of a bunny, a dog. Children repeat. Misha gives the children a gift.
Game "Shadow theater". The teacher takes out a shadow theater from the box. Children are considering equipment for the shadow theater. What is special about this theatre? Why are all the figurines black? What is a flashlight for? Why is this theater called shadow? How is a shadow formed? Children, together with the bear cub Misha, look at animal figures and show their shadows.
Showing a familiar fairy tale, such as "Kolobok", or any other.

12. Frozen water
Task: to reveal that ice is a solid, floats, melts, consists of water.

Materials, pieces of ice, cold water, plates, a picture of an iceberg.

Description. In front of the children is a bowl of water. They discuss what kind of water, what shape it is. Water changes shape because
she is liquid. Can water be hard? What happens to water if it is very cold? (The water will turn to ice.)
Examining pieces of ice. How is ice different from water? Can ice be poured like water? The kids are trying it. Which
ice shapes? Ice keeps its shape. Anything that retains its shape, like ice, is called a solid.
Does ice float? The teacher puts a piece of ice in a bowl and the children watch. What part of the ice is floating? (Upper.)
Huge blocks of ice float in the cold seas. They are called icebergs (image display). above the surface
only the tip of the iceberg is visible. And if the captain of the ship does not notice and stumbles upon the underwater part of the iceberg, then the ship may sink.
The teacher draws the attention of the children to the ice that was in the plate. What happened? Why did the ice melt? (The room is warm.) What has the ice turned into? What is ice made of?
“Playing with ice floes” is a free activity for children: they choose plates, examine and observe what happens to ice floes.

13. Melting ice
Task: to determine that ice melts from heat, from pressure; that in hot water it melts faster; that water freezes in the cold, and also takes the shape of the container in which it is located.

Materials: a plate, a bowl of hot water, a bowl of cold water, ice cubes, a spoon, watercolors, strings, various molds.

Description. Grandfather Know offers to guess where ice grows faster - in a bowl of cold water or in a bowl of hot water. He spreads the ice, and the children observe the changes taking place. Time is fixed with the help of numbers that are laid out near the bowls, the children draw conclusions. Children are invited to consider colored ice. What ice? How is this ice cube made? Why is the rope holding? (She froze to the ice.)
How can you get colored water? Children add colored paints of their choice to the water, pour them into molds (everyone has different molds) and put them on trays in the cold

14. Multi-colored balls
Task: to get new shades by mixing the primary colors: orange, green, purple, blue.

Materials: palette, gouache paints: blue, red, (wishing, yellow; rags, water in glasses, sheets of paper with an outline image (4-5 balls for each child), models - colored circles and halves of circles (corresponding to the colors of the paints) , worksheets.

Description. The bunny brings the children sheets with images of balloons and asks to help him color them. Let's find out from him what color balls he likes best. What if we do not have blue, orange, green and purple colors?
How can we make them?
Children together with a bunny mix two paints. If the desired color is obtained, the mixing method is fixed using models (circles). Then the children paint the ball with the resulting paint. So children experiment until they get all the necessary colors. Conclusion: mixing red and yellow paint, you can get an orange color; blue with yellow - green, red with blue - violet, blue with white - blue. The results of the experiment are recorded in the worksheet.

15. Mysterious Pictures
Task: show the children that the surrounding objects change color when you look at them through colored glasses.

Materials: colored glasses, worksheets, colored pencils.

Description. The teacher invites the children to look around them and name the color of the objects they see. Together they count how many flowers the children named. Do you believe that the turtle sees everything only in green? It really is. Would you like to see everything around through the eyes of a turtle? How can I do that? The teacher distributes green glasses to the children. What do you see? How else would you like to see the world? Children look at things. How to get colors if we don't have the right glass pieces? Children get new shades by applying glasses - one on top of the other.
Children draw "mysterious pictures" on a worksheet

16. We will see everything, we will know everything
Task: to introduce the assistant device - a magnifying glass and its purpose.

Materials: magnifiers, small buttons, beads, zucchini seeds, sunflower seeds, small stones and other objects for examination, worksheets, colored pencils.

Description. Children receive a "gift" from their grandfather Knowing, considering it. What is this? (Bead, button.) What does it consist of? What is it for? Grandfather Know offers to consider a small button, a bead. How can you see better - with your eyes or with the help of this glass? What is the secret of glass? (Enlarges objects, they are better seen.) This assistant device is called a "magnifying glass". Why does a person need a magnifying glass? Where do you think adults use magnifiers? (When repairing and making watches.)
Children are invited to independently examine the objects of their choice, and then draw on the worksheet what
the object actually and what it is, if you look through a magnifying glass

17. Sand country
Tasks, highlight the properties of sand: flowability, friability, wet can be sculpted; Learn how to make a sand painting.

Materials: sand, water, magnifiers, sheets of thick colored paper, glue sticks.

Description. Grandfather Know invites children to consider the sand: what color, try to touch (loose, dry). What is sand made of? What do sand grains look like? How can we see grains of sand? (With the help of a magnifying glass.) The grains of sand are small, translucent, round, do not stick to each other. Can you sculpt with sand? Why can't we change anything from dry sand? We try to blind from the wet. How can you play with dry sand? Can you paint with dry sand?
On thick paper with a glue stick, children are invited to draw something (or circle the finished drawing),
and then pour sand on the glue. Shake off excess sand and see what happens. Together they look at children's drawings

18. Where is the water?
Tasks: to reveal that sand and clay absorb water differently, to highlight their properties: flowability, friability.

Materials: transparent containers with dry sand, dry clay, measuring cups with water, a magnifying glass.

Description. Grandfather Know invites children to fill the cups with sand and clay as follows: first pour
dry clay (half), and on top the second half of the glass is filled with sand. After that, the children examine the filled glasses and tell what they see. Then the children are invited to close their eyes and guess by the sound what grandfather Know is sleeping. What rolled better? (Sand.) Children pour sand and clay onto trays. Are the slides the same? (A sand hill is even, clay is uneven.) Why are the hills different?
Examine particles of sand and clay through a magnifying glass. What is sand made of? (The grains of sand are small, translucent, round, do not stick to each other.) And what does clay consist of? (Particles of clay are small, closely pressed to each other.) What will happen if water is poured into cups with sand and clay? Children try to do it and observe. (All the water has gone into the sand, but it stands on the surface of the clay.)
Why doesn't clay absorb water? (In clay, the particles are closer to each other, they do not let water through.) Everyone together remembers where there are more puddles after the rain - on sand, on asphalt, on clay soil. Why are the paths in the garden sprinkled with sand? (To absorb water.)

19. Watermill
Task: to give an idea that water can set other objects in motion.

Materials: a toy water mill, a basin, a jug with a code, a rag, aprons according to the number of children.

Description. Grandfather Know conducts a conversation with children about what water is for a person. During the conversation, the children remember her in their own way. Can water make other things work? After the children's answers, grandfather Know shows them a water mill. What is this? How to make the mill work? The children hum their aprons and roll up their sleeves; they take a jug of water in their right hand, and with their left they support it near the spout and pour water on the blades of the mill, directing the stream of water to the center of the hole. What do we see? Why is the mill moving? What sets her in motion? The water drives the mill.
Children play with a windmill.
It is noted that if water is poured in a small stream, the mill runs slowly, and if it is poured in a large stream, the mill runs faster.

20. Ringing water
Task: show children that the amount of water in a glass affects the sound produced.

Materials: a tray on which there are various glasses, water in a bowl, ladles, “fishing rods” sticks with a thread, at the end of which a plastic ball is fixed.

Description. There are two glasses filled with water in front of the children. How to make glasses sound? All options for children are checked (tap with a finger, objects that the children will offer). How to make sound louder?
A stick with a ball on the end is offered. Everyone listens to the clink of glasses of water. Do we hear the same sounds? Then grandfather Know pours and adds water to the glasses. What affects ringing? (The amount of water affects the ringing, the sounds are different.) Children try to compose a melody

21. "Guess"
Task: show children that objects have weight, which depends on the material.

Materials: objects of the same shape and size from different materials: wood, metal, foam rubber, plastic;
container with water; sand container; balls of different material of the same color, sensory box.

Description. In front of the children are various pairs of objects. Children examine them and determine how they are similar and how they differ. (Similar in size, different in weight.)
Take objects in hand, check the difference in weight!
The game "Guessing" - from the sensory box, children select objects by touch, explaining, as they guessed, whether it is heavy or light. What determines the lightness or heaviness of an object? (It depends on what material it is made of.) Children are invited to determine, with their eyes closed, by the sound of an object that has fallen on the floor, whether it is light or heavy. (A heavy object has a louder impact sound.)
They also determine whether an object is light or heavy by the sound of an object falling into the water. (The splash is stronger from a heavy object.) Then they throw the objects into a basin of sand and determine the carrying of the object by the depression left in the sand after the fall. (From a heavy object, the depression in the sand is larger.

22. Catch, fish, both small and large
Task: to find out the ability of a magnet to attract certain objects.

Materials: magnetic game "Fishing", magnets, small objects from different materials, a basin of water, worksheets.

Description. Cat-fisherman offers children the game "Fishing". What can you fish with? Trying to fish with a rod. They tell if any of the children saw real fishing rods, how they look, what kind of bait the fish is caught on. What are we fishing for? Why is she holding on and not falling?
They examine fish, a fishing rod and find metal plates, magnets.
What objects are attracted by a magnet? Children are offered magnets, various items, two boxes. They put in one box the objects that are attracted by the magnet, and in the other - those that are not attracted. The magnet only attracts metal objects.
What other games have you seen magnets in? Why does a person need a magnet? How does he help him?
Children are given worksheets in which they complete the task "Draw a line to a magnet from an object that is attracted to it"

23. Tricks with magnets
Task: to select objects interacting with a magnet.

Materials: magnets, a goose cut out of foam plastic with a metal piece inserted into its beak. rod; a bowl of water, a jar of jam, and mustard; wooden stick, cat on one end. a magnet is attached and covered with cotton wool on top, and on the other end only cotton wool; animal figurines on cardboard stands; a shoe box with a wall cut off on one side; paperclips; a magnet attached with adhesive tape to a pencil; a glass of water, small metal rods or a needle.

Description. The children are met by a magician who performs the "picky goose" trick.
Magician: Many consider the goose a stupid bird. But it's not. Even a little gosling understands what is good for him, what is bad. At least this kid. Just hatched from an egg, and already got to the water and swam. So, he understands that it will be difficult for him to walk, but it will be easy to swim. And understands food. Here I have two cotton wool tied, I dip it in mustard and offer the caterpillar to taste it (a wand without a magnet is brought) Eat, little one! Look, it turns away. What does mustard taste like? Why doesn't the goose want to eat? Now let's try to dip another cotton wool into the jam (a stick with a magnet is brought up). Yeah, I reached for a sweet one. Not a stupid bird
Why does our gosling reach for the jam with its beak, but turns away from the mustard? What is his secret? Children look at a stick with a magnet on the end. Why did the goose interact with the magnet? (There is something metallic in the goose.) They examine the goose and see that there is a metal rod in the beak.
The magician shows the children pictures of animals and asks: “Can my animals move by themselves?” (No.) The magician replaces these animals with pictures with paper clips attached to their bottom edge. Puts the figures on the box and moves the magnet inside the box. Why did the animals move? Children look at the figures and see that paper clips are attached to the stands. Children try to control animals. The magician “accidentally” drops the needle into a glass of water. How to get it without getting your hands wet? (Bring the magnet to the glass.)
Children themselves get different. objects from water with pom. magnet.

24. Sunbeams
Tasks: to understand the reason for the appearance of sunbeams, to teach how to let sunbeams (reflect light with a mirror).

Material: mirror.

Description. Grandfather Know helps children remember a poem about a sunny bunny. When is it available? (In the light, from objects that reflect light.) Then he shows how a sunbeam appears with the help of a mirror. (The mirror reflects a ray of light and becomes a source of light itself.) Offers children to let out sunbeams (for this you need to catch a ray of light with a mirror and direct it in the right direction), hide them (covering them with your palm).
Games with a sunny bunny: catch up, catch, hide it.
Children find out that playing with a bunny is difficult: from a small movement of the mirror, it moves a long distance.
Children are invited to play with the bunny in a dimly lit room. Why doesn't the sunbeam appear? (No bright light.)

25. What is reflected in the mirror?
Tasks: to introduce children to the concept of "reflection", to find objects that can reflect.

Materials: mirrors, spoons, glass vase, aluminum foil, new balloon, frying pan, working PITs.

Description. An inquisitive monkey invites children to look in the mirror. Who do you see? Look in the mirror and tell me what is behind you? left? on right? Now look at these objects without a mirror and tell me, are they different from those that you saw in the mirror? (No, they are the same.) The image in a mirror is called a reflection. The mirror reflects the object as it really is.
There are various objects in front of the children (spoons, foil, frying pan, vases, balloon). The monkey asks them to find everything
objects in which you can see your face. What did you pay attention to when choosing a subject? Try to touch the object, is it smooth or rough? Are all items shiny? See if your reflection is the same on all these objects? Is it always the same form! get the best reflection? The best reflection is obtained in flat, shiny and smooth objects, they make good mirrors. Next, the children are invited to remember where on the street you can see their reflection. (In a puddle, in a shop window.)
In the worksheets, the children complete the task “Find all the objects in which you can see the reflection.

26. What dissolves in water?
Task: show children the solubility and insolubility of various substances in water.

Materials: flour, granulated sugar, river sand, food coloring, washing powder, glasses of clean water, spoons or chopsticks, trays, pictures of the presented substances.
Description. In front of the children on trays are glasses of water, sticks, spoons and substances in various containers. Children examine water, remember its properties. What do you think will happen if sugar is added to water? Grandfather Know adds sugar, stirs, and together they observe what has changed. What happens if we add river sand to the water? Adds river sand to water, mixes. Has the water changed? Did it become cloudy or remain clear? Did the river sand dissolve?
What happens to water if we add food coloring to it? Adds paint, mixes. What changed? (The water has changed color.) Has the paint dissolved? (The paint has dissolved and changed the color of the water, the water has become opaque.)
Will flour dissolve in water? Children add flour to the water, mix. What has the water become? Cloudy or transparent? Does flour dissolve in water?
Will washing powder dissolve in water? Washing powder is added, mixed. Does the powder dissolve in water? What did you notice unusual? Dip your fingers in the mixture and see if it feels the same as pure water? (The water became soapy.) What substances have dissolved in our water? What substances do not dissolve in water?

27. Magic sieve
Tasks: to acquaint children with the method of separation to; kov from sand, small grains from large ones with the help of developing independence.

Materials: scoops, various sieves, buckets, bowls, semolina and rice, sand, small stones.

Description. Little Red Riding Hood comes to the children and tells that she is going to visit her grandmother - to bring her mountains of semolina. But she had an accident. She did not drop the cans of cereal, and the cereal was all mixed up. (shows a bowl of cereal.) How to separate rice from semolina?
Children try to separate with their fingers. Note that it is slow. How can this be done faster? Look
those, are there any objects in the laboratory that can help us? We notice that there is a sieve near grandfather Knowing? Why is it necessary? How to use it? What is poured from the sieve into the bowl?
Little Red Riding Hood examines the peeled semolina, thanks for the help, asks: “What else can you call this magic sieve?”
We will find the substances in our laboratory, which we will sift. We find that there are a lot of pebbles in the sand to separate the sand from the pebbles? Children sift the sand on their own. What do we have in the bowl? What's left. Why do large substances remain in the sieve, while small ones immediately fall into the bowl? What is a sieve for? Do you have a sieve at home? How do mothers and grandmothers use it? Children give a magic sieve to Little Red Riding Hood.

28. Colored sand
Tasks: to introduce children to the method of making colored sand (mixing with colored chalk); learn how to use a grater.
Materials: colored crayons, sand, transparent container, small objects, 2 bags, small graters, bowls, spoons (sticks), small jars with lids.

Description. The little jackdaw Curiosity flew to the children. He asks the children to guess what is in his bags. Children try to identify by touch. (In one bag there is sand, in the other there are pieces of chalk.) The teacher opens the bags, the children check the assumptions. The teacher with the children examine the contents of the bags. What is this? What kind of sand, what can be done with it? What color is the chalk? What does it feel like? Can it be broken? What is it for? The little gal asks: “Can sand be colored? How to color it? What happens if we mix sand with chalk? How to make chalk be as free-flowing as sand? The little jackdaw boasts that he has a tool for turning chalk into a fine powder.
Shows the grater to the children. What is this? How to use it? Children, following the example of a galchonka, take bowls, graters and rub chalk. What happened? What color is your powder? (Galchon asks each child) How can I make the sand colored now? Children pour sand into a bowl and mix it with spoons or chopsticks. Children are looking at colored sand. How can we use this sand? (make beautiful pictures.) Galchonok offers to play. Shows a transparent container filled with multi-colored layers of sand, and asks the children: “How can I quickly find a hidden object?” The children offer their own options. The teacher explains that it is impossible to mix the sand with your hands, a stick or a spoon, and shows a way to push it out of the sand

29. Fountains
Tasks: to develop curiosity, independence, create a joyful mood.

Materials: plastic bottles, nails, matches, water.

Description. Children go for a walk. Parsley brings pictures of different fountains to the children. What is a fountain? Where did you see fountains? Why do people install fountains in cities? Can you make your own fountain? What can it be made from? The teacher draws the attention of the children to the bottles, nails, and matches brought by Petrushka. Is it possible to make a fountain with these materials? What is the best way to do this?
Children pierce holes in bottles with a nail, plug them with matches, fill the bottles with water, pull out the matches, and it turns out to be a fountain. How did we get the fountain? Why does water not pour out when there are matches in the holes? Children play with fountains.
object by shaking the vessel.
What happened to the colored sand? Children note that in this way we quickly found the object and mixed the sand.
Children hide small objects in transparent jars, cover them with layers of multi-colored sand, close the jars with lids and show a checkmark how they quickly find the hidden object and mix the sand. The little jackdaw gives the children a box of colored chalk in parting.

30. Sand games
Tasks: to consolidate children's ideas about the properties of sand, develop curiosity, observation, activate children's speech, develop constructive skills.

Materials: a large children's sandbox with traces of plastic animals, animal toys, scoops, children's rakes, watering cans, a site plan for walking this group.

Description. Children go outside and inspect the playground. The teacher draws their attention to unusual footprints in the sandbox. Why are footprints so clearly visible in the sand? Whose footprints are these? Why do you think so?
Children find plastic animals and test their assumptions: they take toys, put their paws on the sand and look for the same print. And what trace will remain from the palm? Children leave their footprints. Whose palm is bigger? Whose less? Check by applying.
The teacher in the paws of a bear cub discovers a letter, takes out a site plan from it. What is shown? Which place is circled in red? (Sandbox.) What else could be interesting there? Perhaps some kind of surprise? Children, immersing their hands in the sand, look for toys. Who is this?
Each animal has its own home. At the fox ... (burrow), at the bear ... (lair), at the dog ... (kennel). Let's build a sand house for each animal. What is the best sand to build with? How to make it wet?
Children take watering cans, pour sand. Where does the water go? Why did the sand get wet? Children build houses and play with animals.

If you want to arouse interest in science in your children, and the teacher at school can’t cope with this (but in fact he just doesn’t care), then it’s not necessary to hit the child on the head with a book or hire tutors. You, as a responsible parent, can conduct interesting and colorful scientific experiments right at home with the help of improvised means.

A little fantasy, and entertainment for the children who came to your child's birthday is ready.

1. Walking on chicken eggs

Even though eggs look very fragile, their shells are stronger than they appear. If the pressure is evenly distributed on the shell, then it can withstand very large loads. This can be used to show the kids a fun ball-walking trick and explain to them how it works.

Although we assume that the experience will be successful, it doesn’t hurt to play it safe, so it’s better to cover the floor with oilcloth or spread out garbage bags. Place a couple of trays of eggs on top, making sure none of them are defective or cracked. Also make sure that the eggs are evenly spaced, otherwise the load will not be evenly distributed.

Now you can gently stand on the eggs with bare feet, trying to distribute your weight evenly. The same principle is used in walking on nails or glass, but this should not be repeated with children. Don't repeat at all.

2. Non-Newtonian fluid

Most liquids on the planet practically do not change their viscosity with a change in the force that is applied to them. However, there are liquids that become almost solid when the force increases, and they are called non-Newtonian. You can make them right at home from improvised means. Show this experience to your child and he will be happy.

To make a non-Newtonian fluid, pour a glass of starch into a deep bowl, fill it with water in a ratio of 1:1. You can add food coloring for beauty. Start all this slowly mix until the mixture turns into a homogeneous mass.

If you slowly scoop up such a liquid with your hand, then it will simply drain through your fingers. But as soon as you apply force to it at speed or hit it hard, it immediately becomes hard. A great toy will come out for the next few hours for your child.

3. Jumping coin

A very interesting experience, as well as a trick if you want to convince others of your paranormal abilities. For this experiment at home, we need a regular bottle, as well as a coin that is slightly larger in diameter than the neck.

Chill the bottle in the refrigerator, or even better in the freezer. After that, moisten its neck with water and put a coin on top. For effect, you can put your hands on the bottle, warming it. The air inside the bottle will begin to expand and exit through the neck, tossing a coin into the air.

4. Volcano at home

The combination of baking soda and vinegar is a win-win option if you want to impress the kids. Just mold a small volcano out of plasticine or clay on a plate, and pour a few teaspoons of soda into its hole, pour some warm water and add red food coloring for entourage. After that, pour a small amount of vinegar into the vent and observe the reaction.

5. Lava Falls

A very effective and simple scientific experiment that allows children to demonstrate the principle of the interaction of liquids with different masses and densities.
Take a tall, narrow container (a flower vase or just a plastic bottle will do). Pour several glasses of water and a glass of vegetable oil into the vessel. Add bright food coloring to make the experience more visual and prepare a tablespoon of salt.

At first, the oil will float on the surface of the vessel, since it has a lower density. Start slowly pouring the salt into the vessel. The oil will begin to sink to the bottom, but when it reaches it, the salt will be freed from the viscous liquid, and the oil particles will begin to rise again, like grains of hot lava.

6. Money doesn't burn

This experience is suitable for wealthy people who only have to burn money. A great trick to surprise kids and adults alike. Of course, there is a risk of failing the performance, so respect the time frame.

Take any bill (depending on your capabilities) and soak it in a salted solution of alcohol and water in a 1: 1 ratio. Make sure that the bill is completely soaked, after which you can remove it from the liquid. Fix the bill in some holder and set it on fire.

Alcohol boils at a fairly low temperature and begins to evaporate much faster than water. Therefore, all the fuel will evaporate before the bill itself lights up.

7. Experience with colorful milk

For this fun experience, we will need full fat milk, some food coloring in different colors, and detergent.

Pour the milk into a bowl and add a few drops of food coloring in different parts of the container. Take a drop of detergent on the tip of your finger or soak a cotton swab with it and touch the surface of the milk right in the center of the plate. Watch how effectively the dyes begin to mix.

As you may have guessed, detergent and grease are incompatible things, and when you touch the surface, a reaction will start that will make the molecules move.

Parents of little fidgets can surprise them with experiments that can be done at home. Light, but at the same time amazing and delightful, they are able not only to diversify the child's leisure time, but also allow you to look at familiar things with completely different eyes. And discover their properties, functions, purpose.

Young naturalists

Experiments at home, great for kids under 10, are the best way to help your child gain hands-on experience for the future.

Safety precautions during experiments

In order for the conduct of cognitive experiments not to be overshadowed by troubles and injuries, it is enough to remember a few simple but important rules.

Safety comes first

1. Before you start working with chemicals, the work surface must be protected by covering it with film or paper. This will save parents from unnecessary cleaning and will preserve the appearance and functionality of the furniture.
2. In the process of work, you do not need to get too close to the reagents, bending over them. Especially if the plans include chemical experiments for young children, in which unsafe substances are involved. The measure will protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes from irritation and burns.
3. If possible, use protective equipment: gloves, goggles. They should fit the child in size and not interfere with him during the experiment.

Simple experiments for the little ones

Developmental experiences and experiments for the youngest children (or for children under 10 years old) are usually simple and do not require parents to have any special skills or rare or expensive equipment. But the joy of discovery and a miracle, which is so easy to do with your own hands, will remain with him for a long time.

For example, children will be indescribably delighted with the real seven-color rainbow, which they can call up themselves with the help of an ordinary mirror, a container of water and a sheet of white paper.

Rainbow in a bottle experience

To begin with, a mirror is placed at the bottom of a small basin or bath. Then, it is filled with water; and the light of the lantern is directed to the mirror. After the light is reflected and passed through the water, it decomposes into its constituent colors, becoming the same rainbow that can be seen on a sheet of white paper.

Another very simple and beautiful experiment can be done with ordinary water, wire and salt.

To start the experiment, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution. Calculating the required concentration of a substance is quite simple: with the required amount of salt in water, it ceases to dissolve when the next portion is added. It is very good to use warm distilled water for this purpose. In order for the experiment to be more successful, the finished solution can also be poured into another container - this will remove dirt and make it cleaner.

Experience "Salt on a wire"

When everything is ready, a small piece of copper wire with a loop at the end is lowered into the solution. The container itself is removed to a warm place and left there for a certain time. As the solution begins to cool, the solubility of the salt will decrease and it will begin to settle on the wire in the form of beautiful crystals. It will be possible to notice the first results in a few days. By the way, not only ordinary, straight wire can be used in the experiment: by twisting fancy figures out of it, you can grow crystals of various sizes and shapes. By the way, this experiment will give the child a great idea for New Year's toys in the form of real ice snowflakes - just find a flexible wire and form a beautiful symmetrical snowfield out of it.

Invisible ink can also make an indelible impression on the child. Preparing them is very simple: just take a cup of water, matches, cotton wool, half a lemon. And a sheet on which you can write the text.

Invisible ink can be bought ready-made

Start by mixing equal amounts of lemon juice and water in a bowl. Then, a little cotton wool is wound around a toothpick or a thin match. The resulting "pencil" is dipped into the mixture in the resulting liquid; then they can write any text on a piece of paper.

Although at first the words on paper will be completely invisible, it will be very easy to manifest them. To do this, a sheet with already dried ink must be brought to the lamp. The written words will immediately appear on a heated sheet of paper.

What kid doesn't love balloons?

It turns out that you can even inflate an ordinary balloon in a very original way. To do this, dissolve one tablespoon of baking soda in a bottle of water. And in another cup, the juice of one lemon and three tablespoons of vinegar are mixed. After, the contents of the cup are introduced into the bottle (for convenience, you can use a small funnel). The ball must be put on the neck of the bottle as quickly as possible until the chemical reaction is over. During this time, carbon dioxide will be able to quickly inflate the balloon under pressure. In order for the ball not to jump off the neck of the bottle, it can be fixed with tape or tape.

Experience "Inflate the balloon"

Colored milk looks very interesting and unusual, the colors of which will move, fancifully mixing with each other. For this experiment, you need to pour some whole milk into a plate and add a few drops of food coloring to it. Separate areas of the liquid will turn into different colors, but the spots will remain motionless. How to set them in motion? Very simple. It is enough to take a small cotton swab and, having previously dipped it in detergent, bring it to the surface of colored milk. By reacting with the milk fat molecules, the detergent molecules will make it move.

Experience "Drawings on milk"

Important! Skimmed milk will not work for this experiment. You can only use whole!

Surely all children have seen at home and on the street for funny air bubbles in mineral or sweet water. But are they strong enough to lift a grain of corn or raisins to the surface? It turns out yes! To check this, just pour any sparkling water into the bottle, and then throw some corn or raisins into it. The child will see for himself how easy under the action of air bubbles both corn and raisins will begin to rise, and then - having reached the surface of the liquid - fall down again.

Experiments for older children

Older children (from 10 years old) can be offered more complex chemical experiments that require more components. These experiments for older children are a little more difficult, but children can already take part in them.

To comply with safety regulations, children under 10 years of age should conduct experiments under the strict supervision of adults, mainly in the role of a spectator. Children over 10 years of age can take a more active part in the experiments.

An example of such an experiment would be the creation of a lava lamp. Surely many children dream of such a miracle. But, it is much more pleasant to make it with your own hands, using simple components for this, which are sure to be found in every home.

Experience "Lava Lamp"

The basis of the lava lamp will be a small jar or the most ordinary glass. In addition, for the experiment you will need vegetable oil, water, salt and a little food coloring.

The jar, or other container used as the base of the lamp, is filled with two-thirds of water and one-third with oil. Since oil is much lighter than water by weight, it will remain on its surface without mixing with it. Then, a little food coloring is added to the jar - this will give the lava lamp color and make the experiment more beautiful and spectacular. And after that, a teaspoon of salt is placed in the resulting mixture. For what? Salt causes the oil to sink to the bottom in the form of bubbles, and then, dissolving, pushes them up.

The following chemistry experiment will help make a school subject like geography fun and interesting.

Making a volcano with your own hands

After all, studying volcanoes is much more interesting when there is not just a dry book text nearby, but a whole model! Especially if you make it easy at home with your own hands, using the available tools at hand: sand, food coloring, soda, vinegar and a bottle are perfect.

To begin with, a bottle is placed on the tray - it will become the basis of the future volcano. Around it, you need to mold a small cone of sand, clay or plasticine - so the mountain will take on a more complete and believable look. Now you need to cause a volcanic eruption: a little warm water is poured into the bottle, then a little soda and food coloring (red or orange). The final touch will be a quarter cup of vinegar. Having reacted with soda, the vinegar will begin to actively push the contents of the bottle out. This explains the interesting effect of the eruption, which can be observed with the child.

Volcano can be made from toothpaste

Can paper burn without burning?

It turns out yes. And the experiment with fireproof money will easily prove it. To do this, a ten-ruble banknote is immersed in a 50% alcohol solution (water is mixed with alcohol in a ratio of 1 to 1, a pinch of salt is added to it). After the bill is properly soaked, excess liquid is removed from it, and the bill itself is set on fire. Having flared up, it will begin to burn, but it will not burn out at all. The explanation for this experience is quite simple. The temperature at which alcohol burns is not high enough to evaporate water. Thanks to this, even after the substance burns out completely, the money will remain slightly wet, but absolutely intact.

Ice experiments are always a success

Young nature lovers can be encouraged to germinate seeds at home without using the soil. How it's done?

A little cotton wool is placed in the eggshell; it is actively wetted with water, and then some seeds (for example, alfalfa) are placed in it. In just a few days, the first shoots will be visible. Thus, soil is not always needed for seed germination - only water is enough.

And the next experiment, which is easy to do at home for children, will surely appeal to girls. After all, who doesn't love flowers?

A painted flower can be given to mom

Especially the most unusual, bright colors! Thanks to a simple experience, right in front of astonished children, simple and familiar flowers can turn into the most unexpected color. Moreover, it is extremely simple to do this: just put the cut flower in water with food coloring added to it. Climbing the stem to the petals, chemical dyes will color them in the colors you need. To better absorb water, it is better to cut diagonally - so it will have the maximum area. In order for the color to appear brighter, it is advisable to use light, or white flowers. An even more interesting and fantastic effect will be obtained if, before the start of the experiment, the stem is split into several parts and each of them is immersed in its own glass of colored water.

Petals will be painted in all colors at once in the most unexpected and bizarre way. What will undoubtedly make an indelible impression on the child!

Experience "Colored foam"

Everyone knows that under the influence of gravity, water can only flow down. But, is it possible to make it rise up the napkin? To conduct this experiment, an ordinary glass is filled with water by about a third. The napkin is folded several times so that a narrow rectangle is obtained. After that, the napkin unfolds again; stepping back a little from the bottom edge on it, you need to draw a line of colored dots of a sufficiently large diameter. The napkin is immersed in water so that about one and a half centimeters of its colored part is in it. Having come into contact with a napkin, the water will gradually rise up, staining it with multi-colored stripes. This unusual effect is due to the fact that, having a porous structure, the fibers of the napkin easily pass water up.

Experience with water and a napkin

For the next experiment, you will need a small blotter, cookie cutters of various shapes, some gelatin, a transparent bag, a glass and water.

Gelatin water does not mix

Gelatin dissolves in a quarter cup of water; it should swell and increase in volume. Then, the substance is dissolved in a water bath and brought to about 50 degrees. the resulting liquid must be distributed in a thin layer over a plastic bag. With the help of cookie cutters, figures of various shapes are cut out of gelatin. After that, they need to be laid on a blotter or napkin, and then breathe on them. The warm breath will cause the gelatin to expand in volume, causing the figures to begin to curve on one side.

Experiments carried out at home with children are very easy to diversify.

Gelatin figures from molds

In winter, you can try to slightly modify the experiment by taking the gelatin figurines to the balcony or leaving them in the freezer for a while. When the gelatin hardens under the influence of cold, patterns of ice crystals will clearly appear on it.

Conclusion

Description of other experiences

Delight and a sea of ​​positive emotions - that's what experimenting for curious children will give, carried out together with adults. And parents will allow themselves to share the joy of the first discoveries with young researchers. After all, no matter how old a person is, the opportunity to return to childhood at least for a short time is truly priceless.

Experiments at home are a great way to introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and make it easier to understand complex abstract laws and terms through visual demonstration. Moreover, for their implementation it is not necessary to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without hesitation, we conduct experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to the dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to find out how easy, simple and safe it is to conduct interesting experiments.

Chemical experiments at home

Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and scorched eyebrows immediately appear in your head? Do not worry, our chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what is the difference between them.

So, let's make hatching dinosaur eggs that can be successfully used as bath bombs.

For experience you need:

• small dinosaur figurines;
• baking soda;
• vegetable oil;
• lemon acid;
• food coloring or liquid watercolors.

The order of the experiment

1. Pour ½ cup baking soda into a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid paints (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ tsp of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to get an even color.
2. Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
3. Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
4. You should end up with a crumbly dough that barely sticks together when pressed. If it does not want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
5. Now take a dinosaur figurine and cover it with dough in the shape of an egg. It will be very brittle at first, so it should be left overnight (minimum 10 hours) for it to harden.
6. Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathroom with water and drop an egg into it. It will hiss furiously as it dissolves into the water. It will be cold when touched, as it is an endothermic reaction between an acid and a base, absorbing heat from the environment.

Please note that the bathroom may become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant Toothpaste

Experiments at home, the result of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. One of them is this fun project that ends up with lots of thick, fluffy colored foam.

To carry it out you will need:

• goggles for a child;
• dry active yeast;
• warm water;
• hydrogen peroxide 6%;
• dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
• funnel;
• plastic sequins (necessarily non-metallic);
• food colorings;
• bottle 0.5 l (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom, for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).

The experiment itself is extremely simple:

1. 1 tsp dissolve dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
2. In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and a little dishwashing liquid (several pumps on the dispenser).
3. Insert a funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will start immediately, so act quickly.

The yeast acts as a catalyst and speeds up the release of hydrogen from the peroxide, and when the gas interacts with the soap, it creates a huge amount of foam. This is an exothermic reaction, with the release of heat, so if you touch the bottle after the "eruption" stops, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately escapes, it's just soap suds to play with.

Physics experiments at home

Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very weak. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.

For the experiment you will need:

• lemons - 4 pcs.;
• galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
• small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
• alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
• small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

Let there be light

Here's how to do the experience:

1. Roll on a hard surface, then lightly squeeze the lemons to release the juice inside the skins.
2. Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Line them up.
3. Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other end to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all fruits are connected.
4. When you are done, you should be left with one 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
5. Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
6. Turn on a light bulb that will work on the energy of fruits!

To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.

How it works? The citric acid in the lemon reacts with two different metals, causing the ions to move in the same direction, creating an electrical current. All chemical sources of electricity work on this principle.

Summer fun

You don't have to stay indoors to do some experiments. Some experiments will work better outdoors, and you won't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiments at home with air bubbles, and not simple ones, but huge ones.

To make them you will need:

• 2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
• 2 metal screw-in ears;
• 1 metal washer;
• 3 m cotton cord;
• bucket with water;
• any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:

1. Screw metal ears into the ends of the sticks.
2. Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You can not exactly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is 1 to 2.
3. Put a washer on a long piece of rope so that it sags evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the ears on the sticks, forming a loop.
4. Mix a small amount of detergent in a bucket of water.
5. Gently dipping the loop on the sticks into the liquid, start blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experience? Explain to the children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its action is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects in drops that tend to acquire a spherical shape, as the most compact of all that exists in nature, or that water, when poured, collects in cylindrical streams. At the bubble, a layer of liquid molecules is clamped on both sides by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble, and prevent it from quickly evaporating. As long as the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.

Here are some experiments at home you can do with children.