The third variety of red grapes which. Grape varieties used for winemaking

There are many varieties of grapes from which wines are subsequently prepared with distinctive taste characteristics. Wine drinks can be sweet, tart, sour, but each of them is in high demand. Increasingly, the preparation of homemade wine has become practiced, which is due to the simple manufacturing technology.

In addition, there are various different recipes, helping to prepare drinks with different taste and aromatic notes. best grade grapes for wine lets get unique drink with incomparable taste and aroma. However, before production process it is important to choose the right grape variety to make a truly sweet wine.

In order to make homemade wine, it is necessary to choose suitable grape varieties. The most famous are:

1. Light

The best taste qualities are typical for light grape varieties growing in the East. These include:

a) "Kishmish White" or "Sultanina"

This variety has relatively small berries and clusters, but the sugar content reaches 30% with a fairly low degree of acidity, equating to only 6 grams per liter. A slight disadvantage of "Sultanina" is its late maturation, which requires a very hot climate. Cultivation of the variety is also done in the northern regions, but only in greenhouse conditions.

b) "Timur"

Is different medium degree sugar content, which is within 22%, with an acidity of 6 grams per liter. characteristic feature variety is its precocity: ripening of berries occurs within 115 days. High resistance to frost makes it possible to grow "Timur" in the north. At the same time, sheltering the vine still remains mandatory.

c) Flora

The variety also fully matures within 115 days, showing a high yield. The berries are quite large and weighty, may have several large bones. The degree of sugar content also exceeds 20, but the acidity level is even less than in the two previous varieties: only 5 grams per liter.

2. Dark

No less sweet are dark grape varieties that can compete with light varieties of grapes. The best of them are presented:

a) "Kishmish Black"

The most productive variety with a high level of sugar content equal to 27% and a low degree of acidity, which is at the level of 4 grams per liter. At the same time, fruit growth is observed different sizes, which are generally medium in size. Full maturation occurs within 130 days.

b) "Muscat of Hamburg"

The fruits of the mentioned grape variety have a dark blue color, as well as a strongly pronounced taste and aroma of nutmeg. Harvest ripens within 150 days. Refers to grape varieties with an extremely low degree of frost resistance. When the temperature drops to 18 degrees, half of the future crop dies. The levels of sugar content and acidity are similar to those of the Timura variety.

c) "Ichkimar"

The grape variety comes from Uzbekistan. Refers to mid-early varieties ripening within 135 days. It is mainly grown in arid climates, but is also a moisture lover.

Cooking rules

Despite the various recipes for making homemade wine, the manufacturing technology is the same:

Processing of grapes and must. The main ingredients of wine are pressed fruits, which gave juice, and must of the first pressure.
Fermentation. Dry grape varieties must undergo full fermentation, and semi-sweet fermentation must be manually stopped.
Pasteurization. It involves heat treatment that contributes to the destruction of pathogenic bacteria.
Excerpt. Depending on the variety, homemade wine is aged for different time frames.

In order to successfully produce a high-quality and tasty homemade wine drink, it is necessary to observe different points:

Wine is not "friends" with metal. In this regard, it is advisable to use containers made of glass or wood. As a mixing tool, products made of wood or plastic should also be used.
Berries do not need to be washed, because on their surface there are special substances that act as yeast during the fermentation process.
At each stage of creating wine, strict control and adherence to the recipe is required. Otherwise, you will get a tasteless low-quality product. Particular attention should be paid to the temperature regime, given that fermentation is excluded when exposed to low temperatures.
Making homemade wine using sweet grapes eliminates the added sugar.

There are also certain recipes and secrets for the successful preparation of a delicious homemade drink, which boil down to the following:

Use only ripe fruits containing maximum amount Sahara.
Refusal to pick grapes in sunny weather and immediately harvest in rainy weather - which can negatively affect the taste of the finished drink.
Protection of grapes from excessive moisture, which is detrimental to the plant, which can manifest itself in the appearance of rot on the fruit.
The immediate use of berries that have passed the sorting process, which is caused by a premature start of fermentation. For this reason, after harvesting, it is necessary to immediately crush the berries.

Whatever the recipes, the general cooking process looks like this:

juice isolated by berries and mixed with must is left for three days in an enamel container covered with a lid. At the same time, the temperature regime in the conditions of the room is observed;
the mixture needs periodic stirring;
after the ascent of the thick to the surface, the juice is decanted by squeezing the must;
during the first decade, sugar is added in small portions until the sourness disappears in the juice;
the expressed drink is poured into containers in which it will be stored;
containers are covered with a nylon lid or a rubber glove pierced in several places. Thus, it will be possible for oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to escape;
containers with wine are placed in a dark place with a temperature regime of 15 degrees.

All recipes involve decanting the juice before the end of fermentation. After a couple of months, when the bubbles finally disappear, the wine becomes ready to drink.

Recipes

There are different recipes for making homemade wine. Consider the most famous:

1. Classic

A classic wine drink is made from:

any sweet grape variety in the amount of 10 kg;
sugar in the amount of 3 kg.

Prepared berries are crushed in a special container, which is subsequently covered with gauze and placed in a warm place for fermentation for 5 days. Twice during the day the mass should be mixed. For this, it is best to use a wooden spatula. Fruits that have undergone fermentation are discarded in a colander, after which they are squeezed through gauze to drain the juice. Next you need:

bottle the juice, sweeten it and mix;
seal containers with a glove pierced in several places, and then observe it for some time;
in the absence of inflating a glove, filter the wine and pour into clean bottles, which are closed with corks;
after a month, decant the drink again and put it in a cold place for infusion.

2. Berry-grape

Having studied many recipes for making homemade wine, you should pay attention to recipes with the addition of berries: for example, cars and currants. The essence of production is as follows:

in the amount of one glass each, currants and raspberries are taken, which are ground with 2.5 kg of sugar;
the container with the berry mass is removed in a warm place for 4 days;
ripened grapes are sorted, after which they are kneaded with a mortar;
berry sourdough is poured with selected grape juice, and the container is covered with a lid;
the composition is infused for three days with occasional stirring;
after 3 days, the floating berries are decanted.

in 10 liters boiled water dissolves 1 kg of sugar;
this sugar composition, together with grape juice, is poured into a bottle, which is sealed with a glove and left for a week;
at the beginning of the 8th day, sugar is added to the mixture in the amount of 700 grams, after which the berry wine is removed in a cool place for 2 months.

3. With the addition of water

Many recipes call for the use of water in making wine. However, this one is the best as it is the easiest to make at home. Will be required.

A bunch of ripe grapes, playing with poured berries, is easy to compare with a work of art. It is difficult to find a person who would not love grapes in one form or another: raisins or fresh, in the form of wine or in a still life in a picture. All varieties of this wonderful berry are divided into technical (for making wines), table (for eating) and raisins (seedless or flat-seed, also used for drying raisins). It is difficult to cover all varieties of grapes in one article, so today we will talk exclusively about red grapes. About what varieties of culture exist, where they are used and what is their peculiarity in the world of winemaking and cooking.

Ripe red grapes

General information about red grapes

Initially, red grapes are divided into two types regarding varieties:

canteen;
technical.

In turn, varieties are also divided into subspecies:

early ripe;
late-ripening;
mid-season.

Technical

Saturated The ruby color of the wine is obtained only from red grapes.. This drink is called more complex and strong than white or rosé wine. Although, of course, it all depends on the type of red grapes chosen. The characteristic aroma, color and astringency appear as a result of fermentation of seeds and berry skins in grape juice. The composition of the seeds of grape berries includes tannins, which give a tart flavor to red wine.

It is difficult to list all the varieties of red grapes that are used in winemaking, so we will remember only the best.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Delicious red wines are made from this grape. Grapes were bred in the seventeenth century in the French province of Bordeaux. Now Cabernet Sauvignon is grown in all wine-growing regions of the planet. In Europe, the wines are thin and soft, and the winemakers of the New World rely on severity. The wines have a dense ruby color, a rich bouquet of aromas, medium acidity and tannins. This red grape is excellent for long aging wines.

Technical grape variety - Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot

Another name, also popular among connoisseurs noble drink like Cabernet Sauvignon. Bred in France, but now grown in many countries. The taste of the drink is softer than that of wines from Cabernet Sauvignon, without a tart note. A drink made from Merlot grapes is classified as quickly ripening, but there are brands that are stored for a long time. The chemical composition of wine from Merlot includes less tannin, more natural sugar and alcohol, and this is the best indicator.

Pinot Noir

Probably the oldest variety. Brought in the fourteenth century by the ancient Romans. The red Pinot Noir grape variety produces the best Burgundy wines. In cultivation, capricious and tender grapes. The ideal harvest can only be harvested in Burgundy, in a hilly area called Côte d'Or. Pinot Noir is used to create red wine, but its color is less intense than that of other types of culture. The composition of the drinks is characterized by a high alcohol content, acidity and a low amount of tannins.

Syrah or Shiraz

Noble, widely used to create red wine. Homeland - the south of France, but cultivated in Italy, Australia, South America and Africa, in the USA. Syrah produces full, strong wines with a bouquet of subtle aromas of pepper, chocolate, currant, smoke and leather. Syrah wines are characterized by dark purple, almost black color. The chemical composition includes an increased amount of tannin, high acidity, alcohol strength.

Tempranillo or Tinto Fino

The famous red technical grade of Spain. Tempranillo wines have a dark color, velvety taste with hints of berries and chocolate. Well kept and open over time. Tempranillo makes a strong wine compared to other Spanish wines.

The famous red technical variety of Spain - Tinto Fino

Nebbiolo

The grape comes from Italy. Derived in the fourteenth century. Used to create thin dessert wines. It is capricious to the soil, climate, humidity. Wines from Nebbiolo can differ from each other only because the vineyards are located in different areas of the same country. A drink from this grape variety has a dark saturated color, tart taste, cherry flavor with a touch of violet and black licorice. The alcohol and acid content of the wine is high. Young wine is tannic. However, it refers to those wines that only get better with time.

Pinotage

The variety is native to South Africa. Wine made from Pinotage grapes is valued for its rich tart taste with a fruity note, velvety and depth. Intense dark red color. Pinotage is used to make light dessert, deep and strong, sparkling wines, port wine.

Malbec

Grapes from Argentina. Added to major wine varieties to increase tannins and produce a dark color. Is different hyperacidity. This variety is not as common as the above, but the demand is only growing every year.

Famous varieties of red grapes include American Zinfandel, French Carmenere, and others. The quality of wine depends not only on the experience of the winemaker, but also on the region where the grapes grow, the period of vine ripening (early, mid-late or late), the amount of tannin and fructose.

Grapes from Argentina - Malbec

table varieties

Table varieties of grapes are distinguished from technical ones by the fact that they are used exclusively in in kind. The composition of table grapes includes antioxidants, acids, vitamins, trace elements and enzymes that contribute to the healing and rejuvenation of the human body. Varieties are distinguished by color (red, white, yellow, pink, blue), as well as by the ripening period:

super early;
very early;
early;
early middle;
average;
mid-late;
very late.

The quality of grapes is determined by the level of sugar and acid, the size of the brush and berries (small, medium or large), the thickness of the skin, the quality of the pulp. These parameters depend not only on the variety of one or another grape, but also on the cultivation technique. Below are popular and tasty varieties for growing in home gardens.

Early variety

Delight red

Red grapes with large loose clusters up to 700 g. The berry is pink and red, large or very large, oval or egg-shaped. The skin is thin. The sugar content of this grape is up to 23%, the acidity is not higher than 8 g/l. The fruits are fleshy, juicy, pleasant taste. Bushes of medium height, fruitful shoots about 60% of the total. Up to 15 bunches of grapes fully ripen on the vine. Resistant to diseases of gray rot, mildew, oidium.

Red grapes - Delight red

Kishmish red

Hybrid early variety. Brushes of a pronounced cylindrical shape, not loose, large, each weighing up to 600 g. The berries grow large, after ripening they become juicy and dense. The taste is pleasant, with a hint of nutmeg. Skin of medium density. Grape with high yield. The variety withstands winter frosts well, it is not necessary to cover. Not susceptible to mildew diseases.

Kokur red

An early variety that gives a high yield every year. Bushes grow tall. A bunch of grapes of medium size, not loose, but not dense. The weight of the brush reaches 200 g. The variety is not small, the berries are oval, the color is dark red, closer to purple. Sugar level 20%, acidity not more than 6 g/l. 60-70% of the lashes are fruitful, but the number of brushes on the shoot is not large. It grows well in the middle latitudes of Russia and in the north of Ukraine.

Mid-season variety

Ichkimar

Uzbek variety, regarded as early or mid-season. The bushes are very tall. Grape brushes are large, long, with medium density, conical shape, weight up to half a kilogram. Berry color deep red. Large - up to 30 mm in length, oblong shape. The pulp is dense. Sweet. Ingredients: 20% sugar, 4 g/l acids. Loves moisture.

frankenthal

The variety is more greenhouse or for growing in the south of Crimea. The brushes are large and dense, conical in shape. The berries are larger than average, the color is red, almost black. The skin is thick. The bush does not grow very high. When grown in a greenhouse lends itself to mildew.

Table grapes Frankenthal

Late varieties

Anniversary of Moldova

Resistant to pests and common diseases. The bush is weakly tall. The cluster is medium in size, has a cylindrical shape, the brush is often loose. The berries are poured round, large, bright red. With thin skin. The pulp is juicy, sweet, with a musky aroma. The variety is not winter-hardy, but the fruits are distinguished by keeping quality. Anniversary of Moldova is prone to spider mite disease.

Table varieties are usually divided according to the method of consumption: local, export, for storage. Grapes are evaluated on a 10-point scale by tasting and external characteristics.

There are not as many red varieties of table grapes as there are white, yellow or blue ones. But taste value it does not decrease them. We can say with confidence that these are the best grape varieties in terms of technical use and table.

Grape juice is generally colorless and white wines are made from either white, rosé or red grapes after the grapes have been separated from the skins. White wines are usually lighter and sweeter than red wines and have a lower alcohol content.

Chardonnay

Chardonnay(Chardonnay) is the most famous white grape variety. He is deservedly called the "king" of all white varieties. The best wines Chardonnay is produced in France, Australia and California. This variety is also grown in Italy, Germany, Austria, Argentina, Chile, South Africa and New Zealand.

Chardonnay is one of the most popular white wines today. The main feature of his style is the aromas and taste of oak, which are in perfect harmony with it. Aging in oak barrels significantly improves the taste of wine, is its hallmark.

There are several ways to get this unusual taste. The first is aging in expensive French oak barrels, the second is aging in cheap oak barrels, the third is the addition of oak chips to the wine for the aging period, the fourth is the use of a special “oak essence”. The first method of production is used in the manufacture of elite Chardonnay wines, the rest - in mass production.

It should be noted that not all Chardonnays are oaked - sometimes this technology is not used. Unwooded or Unoaked (unoaked) Chardonnay has become quite popular in Lately among the producers of the New World. Chardonnay wines are usually characterized by fruity flavors and aromas of lemons, apples, tropical fruits. Sometimes they have shades of grass and straw. As noted above, Chardonnay also has aromas that are associated with oak: smoke, spices, walnut. Chardonnays are velvety, can be of medium or high acidity, varying in color from yellow to golden, sometimes with a greenish tint.

There is a wide variety of foods that Chardonnay can pair with. They are especially good with poultry, fish, pork, mushrooms, aged cheeses. Wines with strong oak aromas do not pair well with gourmet food, but are great with Japanese and Chinese cuisine, spicy dishes and smoked fish.

Some notable Chardonnay brands are: Bourgogne Chardonnay Kimmeridgien; Omra Chardonnay; Saint Clair Marlborough Chardonnay ; Scrubby Rise Unwooded Chardonnay ; Luigi Bosca Chardonnay Reserva.

Riesling

Riesling(Riesling) - classic grape, along with Chardonnay, is considered one of the best white varieties.

The character of the wine is largely dependent on where the grapes are grown. Riesling absorbs a lot from the environment during growth. The best microclimate for growing this variety is in German vineyards on the Moselle River. This area produces wines that are unique in their combination of low alcohol, powerful aroma and high extract. Riesling is also successfully grown in Alsace in France, this variety is cultivated in Austria, Hungary, the USA and Argentina.

Riesling wine has a light refreshing sweet taste of green apples and pears, floral and fruity aroma. Due to its high acidity, Riesling, unlike other white wines, has the ability to long-term storage. However, Rieslings are usually drunk young when they are sweet, fruity and aromatic. After a long exposure, these wines acquire a golden or amber color and a more complex aroma, including hints of gasoline.

Riesling goes well with pork, fish, salads, smoked and salty foods, with spicy food, with Mexican and Thai cuisine as well as fruit desserts.

Some notable brands of Riesling are: Pacific Rim Dry Riesling; The Lost Watch Adelaide Hills Riesling; Domaine Ernest Burn Riesling ; Gunderloch Nackenheim Rothenberg Riesling; Saint Clair Vicar's Choice Riesling ; Domaine Marcel Deiss Riesling.

Gewürztraminer

Gewürztraminer(Gewurztraminer) is a German term meaning "spicy (fragrant) grapes from Traminer". Although the name of the grape is German, it is most widely grown not in Germany, but in France, in Alsace. This variety is also popular in Italy, Germany and Austria, New Zealand and Australia, Chile, Canada and the USA.

French Gewurztraminer wines are very full-bodied, low acid, strong, with aromas of rose, lychee, mango, passion fruit, and flowers. Gewürztraminer is one of the most savory varieties of wine. Even a novice taster can easily recognize its heady, aromatic smell.

The dark pink color of the grapes, depending on the degree of ripeness, in the wine becomes dark or light golden yellow with a copper tint. As a rule, wine has quite high content alcohol.

pretty gewurztraminer a full-bodied wine more than many other white wines. The combination of its strong, "perfumed" aroma, exotic taste, and heavy, oily texture can be tiresome for some. This wine can overwhelm subtle flavors, therefore, it should be combined with foods that themselves have a strong taste and are quite fatty: smoked salmon, spicy and salty foods, asian cuisine, game. Also, this wine goes well with fresh fruits and cheeses.

Some famous brands of Gewurztraminer are: Gewurztraminer "La Chapelle" Clos Saint Imer Grand Cru Goldert; Trimbach Gewurztraminer; Neethlingshof Gewurztraminer; Saint Clair Pioneer Block 12 Lone Gum Gewurztraminer.

Muscat

Muscat(Muscat) has a very ancient history. Due to its strong and distinctive aroma, it was probably one of the first varieties to be cultivated. Muscats are grown in different regions, and each has its own characteristics. This variety is cultivated in the southern regions of France, in Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, the USA, South Africa and Australia, on the southern coast of Crimea. There are many different types of it.

Almost every Mediterranean country has a famous Muscat-based wine, ranging from light and dry, low-alcohol sparkling versions to very sweet and strong. IN Northern Italy muscat grapes It is also used for the production of sparkling wines, which are distinguished by lightness and sweetness, full of honeysuckle and apricot aromas. The best sparkling Muscat is called Moscato d "Asti.

Muscat wines are characterized by an open floral aroma with hints of tea rose, rose oil, cloves, as well as a sweet, spicy taste - full, oily and velvety.

In a gastronomic combination, Muscats are good with fresh fruits, biscuits, salads.

Some notable Muscat wine brands are: Trimbach Muscat Reserve; Vigna Senza Nome Moscato d "Asti; Domaine Schoffit Muscat Tradition; Domaine Marcel Deiss Muscat D" Alsace Bergheim; Ceretto Moscato D "Asti sparkling wines Yellow Tail Moscato; Pio Cesare Moscato d" Asti; Asti Martini; Asti Mondoro.

Pinot Gris

Pinot gris(Pinot Gris) is probably the most famous white Pinot Noir clone. It is grown in many countries: in France - in Alsace, in northeastern Italy, in Germany, California, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

Pinot Gris typically has a delicate fragrant and slightly floral aroma with a light lemony-citrus flavor. Aromas of apple and pear, honey, melon and rose are also associated with it.

Pinot gris often looks like red grapes, but there are quite a few variations in its color, and in some places it looks completely white. Wines made from Pinot Gris also vary greatly in appearance, not to mention taste. Pinot Gris from France tend to be rich, floral, lemon yellow, from Italy are sweet or sour, straw yellow, in the US they are medium-bodied, fruity, coppery pink.

Pinot Gris wine has low acidity, goes well with sour foods, such as meat with orange sauce, with fatty sea fish etc.

Some notable brands of Pinot Gris: Trimbach Pinot Gris Reserve; Cline California Pinot Gris ; Valdivieso Pinot Gris Reserva ; Domaine Marcel Deiss Pinot Gris; Domaine Ernest Burn, Tokay Pinot Gris "Le Daufin" Domaine Ernest Burn, Tokay Pinot Gris "Le Daufin".

Semillon

Semillon(Semillon) - the main variety for the production of French white Bordeaux wines. This variety is also widespread in Chile and Australia. Semillon makes up 80% of the composition in the most expensive and famous dessert wine in the world: Chateau d "Yquem.

Sémillon wines can have fig, lemon, pear, saffron, herb flavors and aromas. They tend to have low acidity, soft fragrance, high alcohol content, are oily.

Usually semillon aroma is not the main, but auxiliary, winemakers use it in mixtures with other varieties. This wine is soft and subtle, able to balance the Sauvignon Blanc, which can be sour and have an aggressive aroma. Sémillon works well when blended with Chardonnay, providing it with weight and richness without detracting from the finesse of the fragrance.

Gastronomic pairings Semillon: seafood, fish, shellfish and mussels.

Some notable stamps containing the semimillion are: Tim Adams Semillon; Chateau Roumieu; Grand Enclos du Chateau de Cerons.

Sauvignon Blanc

Sauvignon blanc(Sauvignon Blanc) is a versatile white grape variety that produces white wines with a range of aromas from grassy and even mineral to fruity.

Most wine regions tend to use these grapes for their main varietal wines, called Sauvignon Blanc. At the same time, in France it is often blended with other grape varieties to create more complex flavors. Sauvignon blanc is the main component in the dessert wines of Sauternes, as well as in Bordeaux dry white wines.

In addition to France, Sauvignon Blanc is also successfully produced in New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, Argentina, Australia, California and Italy.

With its high acidity, Sauvignon Blanc is always tangy, tart, fresh or savory, and this feature even extends to sweet versions, keeping them from cloying and sticky on the palate.

Sauvignon Blanc wines may include flavors and aromas of herbs, sour apples, gooseberry, passion fruit, melon, pepper, green olives, minerals. They are light or medium fullness, dry or semi-sweet.

The aroma of Sauvignon Blanc wine depends on the time of grape harvest: from the berries harvested earlier, a wine with grassy shades is obtained, from those harvested later - more fruity. The taste of Sauvignon Blanc also largely depends on where the grapes are grown. Dry Sauvignon Blanc are very versatile when paired with foods such as tomatoes, Bell pepper, cilantro, raw garlic, smoked cheeses, and other pungent flavors that clash or overwhelm Chardonnay and many other dry white wines. Sauvignon Blanc is probably the best dry white wine to pair with a wide variety of cuisines. It can be served with seafood, salads, asparagus, citrus dishes, goat cheese, tomatoes, fresh herbs.

Some famous wines containing Sauvignon Blanc: TerraMater Vineyard Sauvignon Blanc ; Nederburg Sauvignon Blanc; Saint Clair Vicar's Choice Sauvignon Blanc ; Fallen Angel Sauvignon Blanc Marlborough ; Luigi Bosca Sauvignon Blanc Reserva; Di Lenardo Sauvignon Blanc; Baron Philippe de Rothschild Sauvignon Blanc.

Chenin blanc

Chenin blanc(Chenin Blanc) - an old grape variety, originates from the Loire Valley in France, where it was cultivated in the 9th century. Currently, it is also grown in South Africa and the USA. The best Chenin Blanc wines are still produced in France.

This variety is used for the production a large number different wines, because it easily takes on different characteristics depending on where it grows, how old it is and who grows it. As a consequence, even nominally similar wines made from Chenin blanc grapes can taste very different if they come from different regions or produced by different winemakers. Regardless of style, a certain floral and honey character, along with tangy acidity, are the defining traits of a high-quality Chenin Blanc.

Usually these grapes can be used to produce a wide range wines: dry, with a unique bouquet, semi-dry with a fresh neutral aroma, classic sparkling wines, as well as luxurious sweet dessert wines. Aromas of Chenin Blanc wines include fruit, honey, quince, honeysuckle, melon, hay and grass. Other characteristics of Chenin Blanc are its buttery texture, high acidity, and deep golden color.

The wine goes well with light snacks, salads, fish, seafood, chicken, Thai cuisine.

Some notable wines containing chenin blanc are: Spice Route Chenin Blanc; Golden Kaan African Passion Chenin Blanc ; Germain Saincrit Sushiwine; Domaine des Chesnaies Coteaux du Layon .

Pinot blanc

Pinot blanc(Pinot Blanc) is a "light-skinned" mutation of Pinot Gris, which in turn is a clone of Pinot Noir. Its leaves, clusters and berries resemble Chardonnay and are often confused.

In France, Pinot Blanc vineyards are located in Alsace, where this variety is often combined in the production of wine with others that have a higher acidity. The resulting wines are called Edelzwicker or Gentil.

Pinot blanc is widely distributed in Italy, where it is called "pinot bianco". It is usually mixed with nutmeg in the production of Spumante. This variety is also grown in Germany and Austria. There it is called "weissburgunder" and is used to give body to wines in the assemblage process. There are extensive plantations of Pinot Blanc in Uruguay and Argentina, it is widely grown in the United States, and it is common in Eastern Europe.

The aroma of Pinot Blanc is very light, indistinct, almost neutral, with hints of almond, apple and flowers, with a clear pale yellow color, sometimes with green highlights. Wines from it are light, lively and refreshing, with low acidity. They are usually drunk young.

Pinot Blanc goes well with fish, poultry and egg dishes, with soft cheeses, asparagus and artichokes.

Some notable wines containing Pinot Blanc are: Vinselekt Michlovsky Rulandske bile "Standard" pozdni sber; Domaine Marcel Deiss Pinot Blanc Bergheim ; Domaine Ernest Burn, Pinot Blanc ; Barthenau Vigna S. Michele.

Viognier

Viognier(Viognier) - a rare grape variety from which unusually aromatic wines are produced. Until recently, it was on the verge of extinction. Today, however, the popularity of this variety is being restored all over the world, and planting areas are growing. Viognier is now cultivated not only in the Rhone Valley in France, but also in the USA, Argentina, Australia, South Africa and Brazil.

Probably, main feature Viognier is its powerful, rich and complex aroma, reminiscent of mangoes, pineapples, apricots, combined with the fragrance of orange or acacia flowers. Its originality is preserved even when mixed with a significant proportion of other grape varieties, such as Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Colombard.

Spicy oriental cuisine, fruit salsa, grilled fish or chicken will go well with this wine.

Viura

Viura(Viura) is a synonym that is used in Spanish for the name of the Macabeo variety. This grape is the most popular in Rioja, the northeastern region of Spain. It, along with Parellada and Xarel-lo varieties, is used to produce sparkling Spanish wine Cava, to which it gives freshness and fruitiness. In addition to Rioja, viura is also grown in the south of France, in particular in Languedoc, where it is called macabeo. There it is usually mixed with grenache blanc.

Both still and sparkling wines from viura are made dry, with medium acidity. They carry notes of subtle wildflowers and bitter almonds. They are best drunk young. Viura is also used to make some fortified wines.

Due to its balanced acidity, Viura can be combined with a wide variety of cuisines: fish, seafood, cheese, white meat, light green salads.

Some notable wines containing viura are: Faustino VII; Marques del Puerto Blanco Fermentado en Barrica ; Bodegas Palacios Remondo Placet.

Albariño

Albariño(Albarino) is the main grape used to make many high quality Spanish white wines. It is grown in Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is also known in Portugal, where it is used as a component of the unique " green wine» Vinho Verde. In recent years, this grape has become very popular in Australia, it is cultivated in the United States.

Albariño has, as a rule, a complex bouquet of aromas and tastes. The aromas are dominated by fruity-floral tones: white flowers, apricot, peach, lemon, green apple with hints of ginger, anise and almond. The taste is characterized by fruitiness, freshness, mild acidity and oiliness. Mineral undertones may be present in Albariño. The color of the wine is usually pale straw.

Description of wine grape varieties

Wine varieties are early and mid-ripening, with high and low sugar and acid content. Clusters differ in the way they grow, they are thick or rare. Grapes are distinguished by shape, structure, properties of pulp and skin, juiciness, color, aroma, taste and useful properties.

Depending on the properties, taste and characteristics of wine varieties, different types of wine are made.

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Grape varieties for white wine

Grapes have not only a special taste, but also useful properties.

"Armalaga" belongs to early appearance, has a bright green color berries, resistant to fungal diseases. The weight of one grape brush reaches 350 g, the berries are round, medium in size. The peel is whole, crispy. The pulp inside is soft, juice-containing, fibrous. Sugar content of grapes is up to 22 g/100 cm3, acidity is 6-8 g/dm3. Used to make sweet table wines.

"Aurora Magarach" is mid-season, not whimsical to the soil and growing conditions. Good for central Russia, where there is moderate humidity. Grapes are green with a hint of pink. The brush is medium in size, the berries are medium, round, juicy. The peel is thin, dense. The sugar content of grapes is 23 g/100 cm2, the acidity is up to 9 g/dm3. Designed for the preparation of white dessert wines.

"Bianca" refers to early varieties, not whimsical to the soil, resistant to foliar viruses and fungal diseases. Grape seedlings are resistant to low temperatures, they can not be covered for the winter. The brushes reach medium size at full ripeness, small and round berries, in the process of maturation slightly increase, have a light yellow color with a green barrel. The peel is dense, elastic, the pulp of grapes is sweet, juice-containing. The sugar content of "Bianki" is 26 g/100 cm2, the acidity is 6 g/dm3. Grapes make excellent fortified, dessert, semi-sweet, dry wines.

Zigerebe early. Brushes of small size, round berries, small, yellow-green color. The peel is whole, dense. The sugar content in berries is more than 39 g/100 cm2. Very sweet, low acidity, 4 g/dm3. Table wine is made from Zigerebe.

Muscat Odessa. Bred long ago, known for its resistance to low temperatures.

Grapes "Johaniter" early, resistant to fungal diseases, frost-resistant, has a medium-sized brush, densely planted berries, small, light green. The peel is dense, whole. Sugar content is high, more than 30 g/cm2, medium acidity, 4-8 g/dm3. Used to make table wines with a delicate citrus bouquet. Wine variety grapes "Muscaris" early, frost-resistant. The brush is medium in size, the berries are medium, round, light and white in color with a delicate aroma. Sugar content 29 g/cm2, medium acidity. Suitable for making high quality wines.

Wine varieties of mid-ripening grapes "Chardonnay". Clusters of small sizes, grapes are small, juicy, fragrant, sweet. The most famous in the world, it produces a good white table wine of high quality. Holding a drink in oak barrel, it can be given a subtle spicy bouquet. Sugar content is 20-22 g/cm, medium acidity is 7 g/dm3.

Muscat Odessa. Bred long ago, known for its resistance to low temperatures. Planting seedlings occurs from autumn to winter, not deep. Seedlings are small, with growth they have several rhizomes. The clusters are medium, the berries are also medium in size, yellow-green, juicy and fibrous, have pleasant aroma. Sugar content is 26 g/cm2, medium acidity. Used for the manufacture of high-quality dessert and table wines.

Early-medium "Muscat Ottonel". The bunch of grapes is small, the berries are small, round, juicy. The peel is elastic, whole. Sugar content is approximately 21 g/cm2, medium acidity. Resistant to fungal diseases. The best grade for production of high-quality semi-sweet wine.

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Grape varieties for red wine

"Vesta" early. It is frost-resistant, resistant to diseases of fruits and bunches. Grape brushes from medium to large sizes. Fruits of medium size, saturated blue color, rounded elongated shape, juicy inside, fibrous. Sugar content is 24 g/cm2, medium acidity. The color of the juice is light, with a red tint.

"Alpha" is mid-season, frost-resistant, disease-resistant. The brush is medium, cylindrical in shape, the berries are dark red or burgundy, round, medium in size. The pulp is sinewy, viscous. Sugar content 17 g/cm2, acidity 27 g/dm3. It has a characteristic spicy aroma with hints of citrus and fruit.

"Dove". The brushes grow small, the berries are medium, inside are red, fibrous, juicy. The sugar content is approximately 24 g/cm2, the acidity is medium. Technical, good at making quality table wine.

The best grape varieties for making quality wine are the early ones: Cabernet, Cortis, Dorsa, Jura, Sabo. They have an excellent aroma and excellent taste. The clusters are medium, weighing up to 500 g, have a round and oval shape. Berries are medium in size, juicy, fleshy. Varieties require care: good watering, thinning and removal of excess clusters, pruning of the vine, irrigation of the soil. At the same time, the variety is high-yielding, frost-resistant, resistant to leaf and cluster diseases. The sugar content of "Cabernet" is from 19 to 32 g / cm2, the acidity is medium. The juice has a citrus, spicy and fruity aroma. It is used in the preparation of quality vintage wines.

"Citron Magarach". It is frost-resistant, steady against diseases of fruits and leaves. brushes large size, reach 500 g. The berries are medium in size, light yellow in color, juice-containing, have a sharp nutmeg-citrus smell. Sugar content is 25 g/cm2, medium acidity. Used in the production of dessert wine.

The variety of non-covering grapes "Banska Isabella" is frost-resistant. Grapes and berries reach medium sizes, round or oval. Red berries, fibrous inside. The skin is firm and crispy. Sugar content is 20 g/cm2, medium acidity. Good for making wines with fruity and citrus notes, tart taste.

"Kishmish" of medium ripeness. Brushes are thick, sprawling. The berries are medium in size, juicy, fibrous. Elastic skin. Universal, used for making table and dessert wines, with a sweet taste and sourness. Sugar content is 26 g/cm2, has medium acidity.

"Livadia". Early. Clusters of medium size, berries are round, juicy, rich dark color. Sugar content is 25 g/cm2, medium acidity. The skin is elastic. Resistant to low temperatures, you can not cover for the winter, withstands up to -30 frost, resistant to diseases of fruits and leaves. Used in winemaking for the preparation of light dessert wine.

Almost all varieties of red grapes have a pronounced aroma and rich color, they produce high-quality brands of table wines, excellent dessert wines. Manufactured wine drinks able to be stored for at least 20 years, forming a small amount of sediment at the bottom of the bottle. When storing red wines in barrels, they acquire a woody aroma, astringent taste.

The best grape varieties for making red wine are mid-season varieties, which have a high sugar content and medium acidity.

Red wines are made from red grape varieties. They tend to be drier, stronger and more complex than white wines. Grape seeds contain tannins, which give red wines the necessary astringency. To obtain red wine at a certain stage of fermentation, grape skins and seeds, which have special pigments, are allowed to mix with colorless grape juice. After active fermentation, the must acquires a dark red color, astringency and a characteristic aroma.