Soviet carbonated drinks. Made in the USSR: the legendary Baikal soda
On April 16, 1937, the first sparkling water machine was installed in the Smolny canteen. Later, automatic weapons began to appear in Moscow, and then throughout the Union. Just carbonated water cost one penny, and with syrup it was already sold for three pennies. The cups were reusable, or rather, ordinary faceted ones, they were simply rinsed with a stream of water.
Carbonated water has existed in nature since time immemorial in the form of underground sources. When people discovered sources of sparkling water, it began to be used everywhere not only for drinking, but also in medicinal purposes. The healing properties of mineral water with gas were known already four thousand years ago - in Ancient Rome and Ancient Hellas. People gladly quenched their thirst with sparkling water with small bubbles, which was given to them by natural springs. Hippocrates, in his treatise "On Airs, Waters, and Places," wrote about the treatment of the sick in fonts at temples. Baths, drinking pump-rooms were built near the springs, and medical and preventive institutions were organized. Such places are still popular, for example, Narzan springs in the city of Kislovodsk (where Ostap Suleiman-Berta-Maria Ibragimovich Bender-bey-Zadunaisky once visited), the resort town of Essentuki in the Stavropol Territory, one of the oldest resorts in Europe, Wiesbaden in Germany, known from the work of F.M. Dostoyevsky's "Player", the famous Karlovy Vary in the Czech Republic and many other natural sources.
The first water vending machine in history as far back as 215 BC. described (and then created) by the ancient Greek mathematician and mechanic Heron of Alexandria in his work "Pneumatics". A coin was lowered into the device that sold holy water in temples, it slid into the coin acceptor along a special plate that opened the water supply valve. History has not preserved the facts of replacing coins with invaluable weights. But our compatriots tried with might and main: there are washers, and a holed coin on a fishing line - for repeated use, and various wire devices. The designers of the automata defended themselves as best they could, but, as a rule, the defense was inferior to the attack ...
Many centuries passed before Heron's ideas began to be used in trade. Vending machines came into vogue more than 2000 years after the first such device was created.
However, until the second half of the 18th century, no one managed to get "soda" artificially. The English chemist Joseph Priestley was the first to create carbonated water in 1767. This happened after experiments with the gas released during fermentation in vats. brewery. In 1767, Priestley produced the first bottle of carbonated water, in 1772 he was admitted to the French Academy of Sciences for his discovery, and in 1773. - Received a medal from the Royal Society.
Further, the Swedish chemist and mineralogist Tobern Olaf Bergman in 1770 designed an apparatus that allows, under pressure, using a pump, to saturate water with carbon dioxide bubbles and called it a saturator (from the Latin word saturo - to saturate). And although the image of Bergman's saturator has not been preserved, it is quite possible to imagine its more modern counterpart...
"Born in the USSR" remember that earlier in every house there was a siphon (from the ancient Greek σίφων - pipe, pump) - such a semi-fantastic household unit for preparing and storing carbonated water and drinks, usually with replaceable carbon dioxide cartridges. Siphons are divided into charging and autosiphons. The first are made of thick glass or metal with a capacity of 1-2 liters. They are filled at special stations under a pressure of 6-8 atmospheres. The autosiphon is a metal or glass (reinforced with a metal mesh) cylinder also with a capacity of 1-2 liters with a head screwed on it with a drain and a holder for a cartridge with liquid carbon dioxide, the pressure of which is 57.5 atmospheres. When the clip is rotated, a hollow needle pierces the cork of the can and the gas enters the siphon. It was necessary to be able to handle the siphon, and to maintain safety precautions with spray cans - if installed incorrectly, the siphon began to hiss frighteningly. Siphon cartridges were also used to charge airguns, but this is not the topic of the article.
In the USSR, the production of siphons for soda was massive, despite the availability of carbonated drinks in stores - everyone's favorite lemonades "Pinocchio", "Duchess", "Cream-soda" and "Tarhun", and devices for carbonated water in almost any city. Siphons made in Czechoslovakia and Poland were popular. Soviet mechanical plants and industrial complexes also produced metal, glass siphons for water carbonation, as well as refillable cans of food carbon dioxide. The cost of a box with ten cans was 1 ruble 30 kopecks, and used cans were accepted at 8 kopecks apiece. But back to history...
The most enterprising of the “discoverers” of soda was a watchmaker from Geneva, a German by birth, Johann Jacob Schwepp. In 1783, he used the design of a saturator and created an installation for industrial production soda. Subsequently, he opened J. Schweppe & Co (now Schweppes) in London and became the first manufacturer of sparkling water. To reduce the cost of production, the company used soda in the carbonation process. Soda reacted with citric acid. At the same time, a gas was released that dissolved in water, "carbonating" it, so the soda was called "soda". So carbonated water is still called in the West, especially the name has taken root in the United States, and Schweppes drinks are still very popular all over the world.
Yet flavored soda was most likely invented on the West Atlantic coast. It was introduced in 1807 by the Philadelphia physician Philip Sing Physicist. He prescribed sparkling water enriched with syrup, which was prepared according to his prescription by the pharmacist Townsend Speakman. For resuscitators, it will also be very curious to know that it was Philip Sing Fizik who introduced and disseminated in the United States the method of gastric lavage as the standard of care for poisoning with poisons. Soon, the first soda water kiosks appeared in American cities, but it was not widely used. The technology of its manufacture available to the Americans was primitive, and the Schwepp apparatus remained a secret.
In 1832, an immigrant in the United States, John Matthews, having improved the design of Schwepp and the technology for producing carbon dioxide, began selling soda water machines. The vending machines were in demand among apothecaries who sold sparkling water to their customers as remedy that aids in digestion. The first carbonated lemonades appeared already at the beginning of the 19th century, and in 1871 the first lemonade was patented in the United States. With a frilly name: "High Quality Lemon Sparkling ginger ale". Lolita in Nabokov's novel of the same name loved to drink just this pop.
In Russia, carbonated water has been produced since the beginning of the 19th century, but before Gagarin's flight, it was bottled by hand. Since 1917, there was no time for soda at all - its revival took place already in the era of industrialization. Here is a quote from the newspaper "Vechernyaya Moskva" dated April 16, 1932: "A worker of the Leningrad plant" Vena "Agroshkin invented an interesting device. In each store, using this device, you can set up the production of carbonated water. The first saturator ... is already ready and installed in the dining room of Smolny. It's funny to you? We - yes. Here is the "invention" of the saturator, which has existed for almost two centuries, and the placement of the novelty not in a store or a hot shop, but in the center of local Soviet and party power. In the pre-automatic era, shops and catering outlets were completely filled with “Agroshkin and Isakov’s machines” with the addition of a drum with cylinders of syrups. ABOUT appearance and the further fate of the first Soviet soda machine, history is silent.
A surge in automated trade in the USSR is noted with the coming to power of Nikita Sergeevich, at the same time, soda vending machines appeared on the streets. According to one version, this is due to Khrushchev's trip to the United States. In Moscow alone, there were more than 10,000 such machines. Inside there was a container with syrup, a saturator that saturated the water with carbon dioxide and a fountain where you could rinse the dishes. A glass of soda with syrup cost three kopecks, without syrup - one kopeck.
And yet, the boys drilled a hole in a 3 kopeck coin, tied a thread and “milked” the machines, the record reached several tens of glasses of soda, until the machine swallowed the bait. Or knocked on it. However, it was not a one-sided game. Often the machine "ate" money without giving out a drop of life-giving moisture in return. Sometimes the machine ran out of syrup, and then for three kopecks he “meanly” poured “clean” water ...
Well, for those who like to "rest" after labor day, another important "advantage" of the machines was the presence in them of "stray" faceted glasses, which they constantly borrowed in order to "think for three." Moreover, they say that 2 glasses were taken empty, and the third was usually filled with sparkling water without syrup.
Soda machines in the USSR (and not only gas pipelines) were produced by three commercial engineering plants: Kharkov, Kiev and Perovsky.
The vending machine dispensed sparkling water into a glass. Operated in the 50s. He gave out two types of carbonated drinks at the same time.
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| Technicians service machines |
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| A note in the Moscow newspaper in the heading "News of urban life" |
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| 1959 Dior models pose at vending machines in Gorky Park |
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| Sochi (1959_ |
The machine gun model was also common in the 50-60s. It is these gas water machines that can be seen in the film "I'm walking around Moscow." And it was with these machines that Christian Dior models were photographed in 1959 in Gorky Park in Moscow. At the machines - interesting design, reminiscent of space rockets (a tribute to the fashion of that time). They could be installed both indoors and outdoors, under a canopy.
Automatic soda water AT-26 or simply "Kharkov"
The AT-26 gas water machines were developed at the Special Design Bureau of the Kharkov plant "Mekhanolit" and put into operation on May 28, 1958. It was intended to be dispensed in a glass glass of carbonated water both without syrup and with one of the two syrups at the choice of the buyer. This is the well-known soda machine from the movie "Operation Y".
SPARKLING WATER
Here's to the soda booth
haughty minion of all machine guns,
mysterious child modern
fits like a clockwork toy.
Then, arrogant fantasist,
he drops a wet coin into a crack,
and, turning the cheek to gentle splashes,
a glass catches a pink fountain.
Oh, I would like his confidence for a moment
and familiarity with secret idleness!
But no, I'm not worth this mercy,
let it spill past my hands.
And the little boy, involved in miracles,
carries in the palm of his hand seven glass faces,
and their reflection flies on the red gravel
and hurts the eyes.
Robeya, I enter the game myself
and succumb with a blissful sense of risk
the temptation of a metal disk,
and freeze, and take a glass.
Risen from the silver chains,
a whirlpool sweet and salty will be born,
inhabited by an unknown breath
and a fresh crowd of bubbles.
All the rainbows that sprang from them
pierce the sky in short sweetness,
and now, pampered with a tickle,
seven flavors of the spectrum tastes the tongue.
And the dark soul of the machine
looks with old-fashioned kindness,
like a peasant woman with a cold hand
will give the traveler a drink from the ladle.
Ahmadulina Bella, 1960
Rare photograph of 1968. The American photographer did not lag behind Jerry Schatzberg and Faye Dunaway (famous American actress) during their walk around the capital's GUM. It is thanks to his color film (unless, of course, we take into account the film by Leonid Gaidai) that we can now find out that the soda vending machines in the photo from VDNKh were not gray, but red with a pattern on the glass ...
I drank sparkling water...
E.R.
I drank soda water
under the tower of Belorussky railway station
and looked around, thinking where
throw the dice from here. got out
swollen foliage from under the houses.
From the subway throat
through the turnstiles the mass of nature,
like black minced meat from a meat grinder, pearl.
Pig-iron Maksimych back
loomed, buzzed moto-velo,
taxis rushed, Georgian punks,
clinging to the roses, roaring furiously.
From around the corner carried ammonia,
lawrence and remedies for itching.
And I was a stranger to myself and four
possible directions from here.
The beauty is gone. No tears
no thoughts overtaking a friend.
Fires, pandemonium of wheels,
suitable only for movement in a circle.
Joseph Brodsky, 1968
Automatic soda water AT-48
The At-48 assault rifle produced soda water with one of three syrups at the choice of the buyer in a paper cup issued by the machine. The machine was turned on from three or four coins of 15 kopeck denomination dropped into it. The drink dispensed by the machine was prepared by saturating the water with carbon dioxide, which, while draining into a paper cup, was mixed with a portion of the syrup, brought through a separate tube to the dispensing niche. A magazine was installed in the machine, consisting of 12 cassettes, containing a total of 1200 paper cups. It is known that Sochi Kurortprodtorg operated 15 such machines, but no supporting photographs were found.
Probably one of the most common models of soda machines in the 60s (until 1972). Producer: Perovsky plant. Features two separate coin mechanisms. A sample of the machine "live" can be seen in the Mosfilm Museum in Moscow.
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| Automatic machines in Astana |
Before the start of production of AT-101C series machines, in the 1970s, Kievtorgmash produced AT-100 series machines, developed in the late 1960s at the Perovsky Plant and AT-100C. C - means the option using a glass cup, "clean" AT-100 suggested the use of disposable paper cups. The AT-102 machine is similar in design and operation to the AT-101C machine, but it, like the AT-100, additionally had a device for storing and dispensing cups. The AT-101C soda water machines replaced the AT-114 automatic machine that was previously mass-produced by the industry. Structurally, they were more perfect, the sale was made for coins in denominations of 1 and 3 kopecks. A functioning AT-101C soda machine can be seen at the Water Museum in St. Petersburg.
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| Moscow (1989) |
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| Operating since the Soviet times machine gun for the sale of sparkling water in Lviv (2009) |
Soda machines from the late Soviet period. Complete degradation compared to their predecessors: simple metal sheets compared to the graceful forms of mid-century automata, a dull army stencil instead of beautiful inscriptions.
There was a special model of the water dispensing machine (AB-2), designed to dispense water free of charge (for example, in hot industries and in fire departments). It did not have a coin mechanism and advertising, but had three selection buttons: "water", "sparkling water" and "salt portion", which added a small portion table salt to replenish the losses of her body through sweat. (An example of such a machine can be seen in the film “The Most Charming and Attractive” (see video).) In the factories of the USSR, ordinary machines with a disconnected coin acceptor were often used as a free dispenser of chilled soda without syrup and without salt. Often, instead of a glass, stainless steel mugs were placed in shop machines, and they were attached to a chain. Even among the ideologically savvy proletarians, from time to time there were those who stole “ownerless” glasses.
Also in the USSR there were vending machines for selling beer (more often they were installed not on the street, but in pubs, the cost of 0.5 liters of beer was 15 kopecks), for example, the AT-3 semi-automatic device, which dispensed draft beer in doses of 0.25 liters.
In 1956, with the beginning of the thaw, automatic beer bars appeared on Pokrovsky Boulevard and Kolkhoznaya Square, which immediately fell in love with students, workers and civil servants. Alcohol was mercilessly mixed with water, and for foam, according to a common horror story, they were thrown into liquid washing powder. They died even before the Soviet regime, right at the beginning of Gorbachev's fight against alcoholism.
There were also vending machines for juices and wine. In Moscow, before the 1980 Olympic Games, vending machines for the sale of Fanta appeared, the cost of a glass of drink is also 15 kopecks. (In January 1981, after the XXII Summer Olympic Games Moscow-80, it was sold at Vnukovo Airport at a price of 15 kopecks (equal to 22.5 US cents at the official rate, that is, more expensive than Pepsi-Cola produced USSR in Evpatoria) for 200 ml for bottling in cardboard cups with a scoop from a can, in which milk was usually delivered. But, at that time, the Fanta drink was made not orange or lemon, as it is now, but grapefruit, with a much more pleasant not bitter sweet taste, is now on sale for a long time, (almost forgotten).
In the 1990s, soda vending machines almost disappeared from the streets of Russian cities. There is an opinion that one of the reasons for the disappearance of machines with a faceted glass in the early 90s was unsanitary conditions. In each machine with the use of glass cups, there was a device for washing the glass, which was a shaped metal grate located next to the dispenser and combined with a valve-valve, by pressing it with an inverted glass, it was possible to rinse it from the inside with a jet cold water. This method of "washing" the glass had a drawback - from the outside of the glass, the saliva of a person was poorly washed off after touching the lower lip; however, for many years of use of machines, there has not been a single case of official mention of them as a source of the spread of any infectious diseases.
In addition, even then, machines with a normal economic approach could be equipped with automatic cup ejectors. Similar developments were introduced at that time, as evidenced by textbooks for vocational schools and the working samples themselves. Quote from the textbook "Vending Machines" for 1975: " Soviet vending machines are not inferior to foreign models, and in some respects surpass them. They have a large loading capacity, their coin mechanisms accept 8 denominations of coins, counting the amount on an accrual basis and informing the buyer about the amount of the accepted amount. In commodity chambers of domestic machines are supported the necessary conditions for the safety of food... Rational electrical circuits consume little electricity. Vending machines can operate at temperatures from -15 to +35 degrees and, if necessary, ensure the temperature of dispensed products from -20 to +95 degrees ...».
In the 1990s, the production of siphons and cans in the USSR also closed, the products disappeared from the shelves, and the culture of home soda was forgotten. This was also facilitated by the introduction to our market american drinks"Coca-Cola" and "Pepsi-Cola", as well as drinks in plastic bottles. Although in the West, and throughout the world, the siphon industry is still developing at a rapid pace, and these units have remained indispensable kitchen utensils. Currently, the largest manufacturers of siphons for aerating water are located in the USA, France, Austria and Southeast Asia.
In 2013, Vladimir Neklyaev received the prestigious Giedroyts Prize for his novel Soda Machine with and without Syrup. The book tells about Minsk in the 60s. "Soda machine with and without syrup" can be attributed to autobiographical prose, because the personality of the protagonist of the novel largely coincides with the personality of the writer. It is first and foremost a vision. modern world through the eyes of a young man who came from the outback to the capital.
In recent years, when the “renaissance” of Soviet everyday life began, lemonade and soft drinks began to be sold from vending machines again. The companies "Avtomatproizvodstvo" and "Tomak 21st Century" (a dealer of the Kyiv plant TOMAK) took up their implementation. Single cups did not get into red (literally and figuratively) machine guns. Now the enterprises of the former Avtomattorg produce products in which there is no place for just reusable dishes. But we are hardly destined to see vending machines for soda water on the streets - modern saturators are located in factories and in offices.
A modern soda vending machine is literally "stuffed" with electronics and precise mechanisms: pumps and dispensers, sensors, indicators, a display, an electronic payment system, a GSM module for remote monitoring. Of course, such equipment became possible thanks to technical progress, the development of technologies, the emergence of new materials. However, there is no limit to perfection - surely in a hundred years our descendants will look with some condescension at samples of modern technology - with about the same condescension with which we now look at the “Agroshkin apparatus” ...
And we buy bottles and jars, nostalgically remembering the bubbled sweet foam over a glass containing three state of aggregation substances at the same time. The rarest case, but it is achieved by just connecting liquid water, gaseous carbon dioxide and solid (albeit dissolved) sugar. It's called soda! However, today lemonades are already, as they say, not the same. About harm overconsumption only the lazy did not speak of carbonated drinks, and if this drink is still made with the addition of dyes, stabilizers and contains a horse's dose of sugar, then a completely dangerous lemonade is obtained. Natural lemonade is rare, because it is stored for only a week.
And finally an anecdote from the USSR.
The student invited the girl to the city for a walk. And he has only three kopecks of money. They go, they go, they see ice cream for sale.
Student asks:
- Do you want ice cream?
The girl just opened her mouth, and he:
- Well, if you don't want to...
They go further, they sell cakes.
- Do you want cakes? ... Well, you don’t want it, whatever you want ...
They go, they see there is a soda machine.
- Do you want to drink?
The girl screams:
- DAAAAAAAAAAA!!!
- Why are you screaming, let's drink right now.
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| "Soda water" Irina Zaitseva |
Bonus. Siphons. Stolen from parashutov
In the US, bottled carbonated drinks were popular at first, later America became the most developed market for soda siphons and accessories for them. In Europe and other countries, various siphons were also popular, they were used at home, in restaurants, cafes and guest houses. Siphons for carbonating water were sold as an exquisite and useful item for the living room, dining room or home bar. In Russia, before the revolution, bottled water was considered a "master's" drink - it was called seltzer (seltzer), after the name of the mineral water, originally taken from the Niederselters spring. In tsarist Russia, every self-respecting shop or trading house on the counter had a large glass siphon for visitors. Siphons were also popular among wealthy families of merchants and officials. Such old soda siphons can now be found in local history museums. It turns out that this inconspicuous item of kitchen life was also praised by painters of the twentieth century.
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| Emily Carr (Canadian, 1871-1945) Jeune Française et siphons. 1911 National Gallery of Canada |
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| Paul Gauguin (French, 1848-1903) NIght Cafe in Arles (Madame Ginoux). 1888 Pushkin Museum im. Pushkin, Moscow |
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| David Jones (British, 1895-1974) Siphon and Salver. 1930 |
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| Pompeo Mariani (Italian, 1857-1927) The Red Feathered Hat. |
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| Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881-1973) Absinthe Drinker. 1901 The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg |
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| Fernand Leger (French, 1881-1955) Le Siphon 1924 |
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| William Orpen (Irish, 1878–1931) Ready to Start. 1917 |
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| André Dignimont (French, 1891-1965) Bar. 1935 |
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| Emilio Grau-Sala (Spanish, 1911-1975) Le Bar 1965 |
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| Juan Gris (Spanish, 1887-1927) Siphon, Bottle and Skep. |
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| Juan Gris. Siphon and Bottles. |
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| Juan Gris. The Siphon. 1913 |
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| Juan Gris. Still Life with Siphon and Bottle. 1916 Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin Ohio |
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| Juan Gris (Spanish, 1887-1927) Still Life with Siphon. 1917 |
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| Carlo Carrà (Italian, 1881-1966) Still Life with Soda Siphon. |
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| Emilio Pettoruti (Argentinian born-French, 1892-1971) Il Sifone o Lacerba (El Sifón). 1915 |
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| Umberto Boccioni (Italian, 1882-1916) Still Life with Glass and Siphon. 1914 |
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| Rudolf Schweitzer-Cumpana (Romanian, 1886-1975) Still Life with Siphon, Grinder and Hot Pepper (Still life with siphon, coffee mill and hot pepper). 1943 |
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| Teresa Witz (British) The Soda Siphon (Andy Parents). |
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| Marcel Mouly (French, 1918-2008) Nature Morte, Siphon, Grill et Soupiere. 2001 |
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| Petr Frolov (b. 1974) Dream. 2012 |
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| Ross Wilson (Irish, born 1958) Soda Siphon and Glass. |
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| Vadim Goryansky (Ukraine, born 1986) Still life with siphon. |
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| Zinoviy Nikolaevich Sydoriv (born 1971) Glass of soda. 2014 |
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| Paul Francois Quinsac (French, 1858-1929) Au Cafe. |
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| Paul-Charles Chocarne-Moreau (French, 1855-1931) Teasing the Monkey. |
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| Paul-Charles Chocarne-Moreau Teasing. |
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| Gerda Wegener (Danish, 1889-1940) Portrait of Lili Elbe (born as Einar Wegener). 1928 |
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| Edzard Dietz (German, 1893-1963) Place Vendome, an Elegant Lady on a Terrace. |
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| Georgette Tavé (French, 1925-2008) Femme assise. |
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| Solovieva Svetlana Lemonade. |
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| Carlo Carrà (Italian, 1881-1966) Still Life with Siphon. 1965 |
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| Jean Souverbie (French, 1891-1981) Bar on the Harbour. 1948 |
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| Christine Read (Australian) The Soda Siphon. |
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| William Preston Dickinson (American, 1889-1930) The Siphon. 1930 |
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| Le Corbusier / Nature morte au siphon, 1928 |
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| Salvador Dali. Siphon and bottle of rum (Cubist painting), 1924 |
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| Jean Beraud, Playing backgammon in a cafe, 1809, private collection |
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| Jean Bero.The drinkers |
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| Miller, Richard Amil (American, 1875-1943) |
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| Boris Shatilov. Speed skating at the Dynamo rink |
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| Icarus Louis. Cafe |
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| Henri Lebasque. Cafe in the port |
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| Ilya Repin. Parisian cafe 1874-75 |
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| Birger Hugo. Artists breakfast in Cafe Ledoyen Sun. |
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| Hoffbauer, Charles - In a restaurant |
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| Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Bal du moulin de la Galette |
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| Johann Michael Kupfer (1859 - 1917) "In the Beer Garden" |
I found a siphon in the soda garage.
- It is necessary to throw away - the thought flashed crazy.
But he reminded me of a happy childhood,
and I froze, remembering myself young.
The heart wants to return the days of old youth,
May we be full now and dressed and shod.
It will be easier, probably, to bite your elbow,
but memory is disturbed by its attributes.
How many old friends are irretrievably gone,
I don't even have anyone to talk to sometimes.
On the birthdays of years, the number becomes heavier
and the scythe-wielding villain is delighted with new catches.
Only in dreams sometimes friends come to life,
I joke among them, full of youthful skill
and I confess my love to the first girl,
and with a "string bag" I run to the soda store.
I slammed the heavy garage door
leaving everything as it is, even the crippled locker,
and left, taking the hedgehog between the ribs,
on the way, glancing fleetingly at the pharmacy ...
© Alexander Yakubovsky, 2010
In not so distant times (before the collapse of the USSR), carbonated water was made at home, and it was called “pop”: they took a spoonful of soda, added a few crystals of citric acid to it and poured it with water (or, if without soda, with a solution of vinegar, it’s better, of course , apple). The mixture began to “hiss”, bubble - this was a carbonated drink. home cooking. They say that those who like to experiment could buy a set of " Young chemist» with recipes for homemade lemonade, which included soda, lemon acid, and various flavor additives. Today, the approach to carbonated water has changed radically: nutritionists do not recommend drinking carbonated drinks. Here is such a cycle of carbonated water ...
One of the most joyful childhood memories, Soviet-made lemonades. No cola and forfeits with sprites - do not go to any comparison.
In the recent past in the USSR, we received drinks from natural ingredients that were beneficial. Sugar and lemons were added to carbonated drinks, as well as extracts of various herbs and other plants.
And no preservatives. Therefore, they were stored for only 7 days. Let's remember what the most popular Soviet carbonated drinks were made of.
LEMONAD is a symbol of a carefree childhood, good cinematography and quality according to GOST.
STORY
Its history begins at the end of the 19th century and is associated with the name of the Tiflis pharmacist Mitrofan Lagidze.
In 1887, he invented the Tarragon drink, which contains tarragon extract, and thus opens the era of domestic soda.
"Waters of Lagidze" become so popular that Mitrofan Varlamovich was appointed supplier of the Russian imperial court, supplier of the Iranian Shah, and in Soviet time- Director of the newly built carbonated water plant.
The poet Yevgeny Yevgushenko wrote about Mitrofan Lagidze:
“Old man Lagidze died as he should,
Tearlessly accepting death as grace.
With him the secrets of lemonades died
And the master knew that it could not be conveyed.
And the young man dared to bend over him
"What is your secret" - asked the old man
And sticking out laughing tongue Lagidze
And he pointed to the tip of his tongue.
Trademark Lagidze
It is believed that it was Lagidze Water soda that stood on the table during the Yalta Conference. The participants liked the drinks so much that Churchill described their taste in his memoirs, and Roosevelt took 2,000 bottles with him. The preferences of the leaders of our country are also known. For example, Stalin liked lemonade, Khrushchev preferred orange or pear drink, Brezhnev - tarragon or pear.
At common people sparkling water was also very popular. Soda was sold in bottles or in bottling through soda machines. The most popular bottled drinks were Lemonade, Citro, Duchesse, Kryuchon, Cream-Soda, Kolokolchik, Tarragon, Sayany, Baikal... Drinks with orange, tangerine, pear syrups
All classic drinks are prepared from such components as prepared water, sugar, caramel color ( burnt sugar), citric acid and a composition that determines the taste and aroma. Usually it includes fruit and berry infusions or essences, juices, essential oils, extracts and flavors.
"Baikal"
The release was launched in the Soviet Union in 1973. And the drink almost immediately gained wild popularity and became the answer to the famous American cola. But the composition of Baikal favorably distinguished the drink from Western soda: in addition to traditional water, sugar, citric acid, an extract of St. John's wort, licorice root and eleutherococcus was added to it. As well as essential oils: eucalyptus, lemon, laurel, fir. Baikal was developed in 1973 at the Non-Alcoholic Industry Research Institute as “our answer to Pepsi-Cola” and became so popular that Coca-Cola tried to buy it.
Citro
The composition of the drink "Extra-Citro" is a bouquet of citrus infusions (orange, tangerine, lemon) in combination with vanilla. By the way, the word "sitro" in Soviet times became a household word: it was the name of any kind of lemonade (as well as the word "lemonade" began to mean not only a drink made from lemon).
Cream Soda
"Cream Soda" has creamy taste with a hint of vanilla. Initially, the drink was obtained by mixing soda (carbonated) water (soda) with ice cream (ice cream). Hence the other name for cream soda is “drink on a stick”.
But the list of recipes for Soviet carbonated soft drinks is not limited to these common names.
Collections of recipes surprise with such sodas as: Andries (based on grape juice of Isabella varieties), Dessert (based on red table wine and orange infusion), Coffee (based on infusions: coffee, lemon and orange), Golden ranet (based on concentrated apple juice), Laurel (infusion bay leaf, tea, orange and nutmeg), Dog and cat (grape juice and rose oil), etc.
The total number of legally established recipes in Soviet collections exceeds 150 types of carbonated drinks.
Something to think about modern manufacturer syrups for soda machines…
Pinocchio
Most famous soviet lemonade. The childhood of almost every person born in the Soviet Union is associated with Pinocchio. It was prepared very simply: water, sugar, lemons and oranges. It's all natural, which is probably why it tastes so good. Nowadays, dyes and flavorings are added to Pinocchio.
"Sayans"
The recipe for this lemonade was developed in the mid-60s. Sayans are now less popular than Baikal, it is quite difficult to find a drink, as patent disputes are being fought around it. But this does not detract from its usefulness and wonderful taste, since, of course, an extract of mountain grass leuzea is added to the carbonated lemonade base. It gives the drink a wormwood bitterness and a slightly pine aroma. Tones and improves mood.
"Tarhun"
The Tarragon recipe appeared in the 19th century. It was invented by the pharmacist Mitrofan Lagidze, who lived in Tiflis (modern Tbilisi). He was the first to think of adding the extract of the famous Caucasian tarragon (tarragon) plant to sweetened sparkling water. IN mass production The drink appeared in 1981. That's just a drink from tarragon turns out more yellow than green. And in Soviet times, dye was added to soda. Now green dye considered harmful, so manufacturers who care about the health of the consumer produce a drink in green bottles. Sometimes allowed dyes E, yellow and blue are also added to it.
"Duchess"
Pear carbonated drink perfectly replaced sweets and cakes for Soviet children. Pear infusion was added to the usual lemonade base, the picture was complemented by lemons, sugar and carbon dioxide bubbles ... Both children and adults adored such soda.
In the USSR, on a large scale, work was carried out on the sale of non-alcoholic, soft drinks to adults and children. The use of special equipment at the same time contributed to the recognition of points of sale, and for the children it created a sense of the "magic" of these places. Aggressive advertising was not used in the Soviet Union, but cartoons and movies did their job and the Gazvoda machine was the most recognizable and popular device.
Soda could only compete with juices and compotes. Personally, I adored grape, apple and pear juice, as well as compote from wild berries and red currants. And of course tomato juice...
One of the most joyful childhood memories, Soviet-made lemonades. No cola and forfeits with sprites - do not go to any comparison.
In the recent past in the USSR, we received drinks from natural ingredients that were beneficial. Sugar and lemons were added to carbonated drinks, as well as extracts of various herbs and other plants. 
And no preservatives. Therefore, they were stored for only 7 days. Let's remember what the most popular Soviet carbonated drinks were made of.
LEMONAD is a symbol of a carefree childhood, good cinematography and quality according to GOST. 
Its history begins at the end of the 19th century and is associated with the name of the Tiflis pharmacist Mitrofan Lagidze.
In 1887, he invented the Tarragon drink, which contains tarragon extract, and thus opens the era of domestic soda.
“Lagidze Waters” become so popular that Mitrofan Varlamovich was appointed supplier of the Russian imperial court, supplier of the Iranian Shah, and in Soviet times, director of the newly built carbonated water plant. 
The poet Yevgeny Yevgushenko wrote about Mitrofan Lagidze:
“Old man Lagidze died as he should,
Tearlessly accepting death as grace.
With him the secrets of lemonades died
And the master knew that it could not be conveyed.
And the young man dared to bend over him
"What is your secret" - asked the old man
And sticking out laughing tongue Lagidze
And he pointed to the tip of his tongue.
Trademark Lagidze 
It is believed that it was Lagidze Water soda that stood on the table during the Yalta Conference. The participants liked the drinks so much that Churchill described their taste in his memoirs, and Roosevelt took 2,000 bottles with him. The preferences of the leaders of our country are also known. For example, Stalin liked lemonade, Khrushchev preferred an orange or pear drink, Brezhnev preferred tarragon or pear. 
Among the common people, sparkling water was also very popular. Soda was sold in bottles or in bottling through soda machines. The most popular bottled drinks were Lemonade, Citro, Duchesse, Kryushon, Cream-Soda, Bell, Tarragon, Sayany, Baikal... Drinks with orange, tangerine, pear syrups were sold from soda water dispensers 
All classic drinks are prepared from ingredients such as prepared water, sugar, caramel color (burnt sugar), citric acid and a composition that determines the taste and aroma. Usually it includes fruit and berry infusions or essences, juices, essential oils, extracts and flavors.
"Baikal"
The release was launched in the Soviet Union in 1973. And the drink almost immediately gained wild popularity and became the answer to the famous American cola. But the composition of "Baikal" favorably distinguished the drink from Western soda: in addition to traditional water, sugar, citric acid, an extract of St. John's wort, licorice root and eleutherococcus was added to it. As well as essential oils: eucalyptus, lemon, laurel, fir. Baikal was developed in 1973 at the Non-Alcoholic Industry Research Institute as “our answer to Pepsi-Cola” and became so popular that Coca-Cola tried to buy it. Citro
The composition of the drink "Extra-Citro" is a bouquet of citrus infusions (orange, tangerine, lemon) in combination with vanilla. By the way, the word "sitro" in Soviet times became a household word: it was the name of any kind of lemonade (as well as the word "lemonade" began to mean not only a drink made from lemon).
Cream Soda
"Cream Soda" has a creamy taste with a touch of vanilla. Initially, the drink was obtained by mixing soda (carbonated) water (soda) with ice cream (ice cream). Hence the other name for cream soda is “drink on a stick”.
But the list of recipes for Soviet carbonated soft drinks is not limited to these familiar names.
Collections of recipes surprise with such sodas as: Andries (based on grape juice of Isabelle varieties), Dessert (based on red table wine and orange infusion), Coffee (based on infusions: coffee, lemon and orange), Golden ranet (based on concentrated apple juice), Bay (infusion of bay leaf, tea, orange and nutmeg), Dog and cat (grape juice and rose oil), etc.
The total number of legally established recipes in Soviet collections exceeds 150 types of carbonated drinks.
There is something to think about for a modern manufacturer of syrups for soda machines ...
Pinocchio
The most famous Soviet lemonade. The childhood of almost every person born in the Soviet Union is associated with Pinocchio. It was prepared very simply: water, sugar, lemons and oranges. It's all natural, which is probably why it tastes so good. Nowadays, dyes and flavorings are added to Pinocchio. "Sayans"
The recipe for this lemonade was developed in the mid-60s. Sayans are now less popular than Baikal, it is quite difficult to find a drink, as patent disputes are being fought around it. But this does not detract from its usefulness and wonderful taste, since, of course, an extract of mountain grass leuzea is added to the carbonated lemonade base. It gives the drink a wormwood bitterness and a slightly pine aroma. Tones and improves mood. "Tarhun"
The Tarragon recipe appeared in the 19th century. It was invented by the pharmacist Mitrofan Lagidze, who lived in Tiflis (modern Tbilisi). He was the first to think of adding the extract of the famous Caucasian tarragon (tarragon) plant to sweetened sparkling water. In mass production, the drink appeared in 1981. That's just a drink from tarragon turns out more yellow than green. And in Soviet times, dye was added to soda. Now green dye is considered harmful, so manufacturers who care about the health of the consumer produce the drink in green bottles. Sometimes allowed dyes E, yellow and blue are also added to it.
"Duchess"
Pear carbonated drink perfectly replaced sweets and cakes for Soviet children. Pear infusion was added to the usual lemonade base, the picture was complemented by lemons, sugar and carbon dioxide bubbles ... Both children and adults adored such soda.
In the USSR, on a large scale, work was carried out on the sale of non-alcoholic, soft drinks to adults and children. The use of special equipment at the same time contributed to the recognition of points of sale, and for the children it created a sense of the "magic" of these places. Aggressive advertising was not used in the Soviet Union, but cartoons and movies did their job and the Gazvoda machine was the most recognizable and popular device.
Soda could only compete with juices and compotes. Personally, I adored grape, apple and pear juice, as well as compote from wild berries and red currants. And of course tomato juice...
... Summer, heat. You walk down the street with your mother by the hand, exhausted and start moaning: “Ma-a-am, I’m thirsty-oo-oo!”. And so mom buys a glass of Lemonade in the machine, you drink a sweet cool fizz, and the bubbles tickle your nose merrily ...
Probably, each of us has such a memory from childhood. Soda was very popular in the USSR. Many types of it were produced: Lemonade, Citro, Soda, Pinocchio, Tarragon, Baikal, Duchess, Cream-soda, Sayan, Bell, wild berry, Isindi, Pear, Kryushon, etc. Everyone drank it with pleasure, from young to old. And then there was no talk about the dangers of soda. Why? Let's try to figure it out.
From the history of carbonated drinks.
Natural carbonated water has been known to people since ancient times and has been used for medicinal purposes. It was mineral water from sources with a low content of carbon dioxide, which was very quickly exhaled. And, of course, there was no sugar in it at all. Such water really has healing properties, although even for its reception there are some contraindications.One of the first successful attempts at artificial gasification of water was made in 1767 the year of the English chemist Joseph Priestley. In 1770 the Swede Toburn Bergman saturator was invented - a device that saturates water with carbon dioxide. Since then, sparkling water has begun its triumphant march around the world.
Before the revolution, mineral water with gas Zelterskaya (Selterskaya) from a natural source was popular in Russia Niederselters (Germany). It was available to a few, and subsequently any carbonated mineral water began to be called that. It was also fashionable to mix seltzer with lemon juice. And this, too, was considered an incredible luxury.
The first sweet sparkling water appeared in Russia at the end of the 19th century. Famous drink "Tarragon" invented in 1887 pharmacist from Tiflis Mitrofan Lagidze. He added to mineral water sugar and extract of Caucasian tarragon (tarragon). The drink became so popular that a mineral water factory was opened in Tiflis "Water of Lagidze". The real "soda boom" began in our country in the pre-war years. There were vending machines on the streets for the sale of soda, almost every house had siphons for making it yourself. Then Ligadze Waters supplied the entire USSR with soda, and it was then that many new varieties of it were invented. What was soda made of at that time?
Carbonated drinks in the USSR.
Ah, there were times when all the soda was made only from natural ingredients! This drink was kept only 7 days and no one was worried about its safety, because everything was bought up just "with a bang"!- Pinocchio, for example, was prepared from water, sugar, juice of lemons and oranges.
- Part "Duchesse" included lemon juice and an infusion of pears of the fragrant Duchess variety.
- Famous "Lemonade" contained lemon infusion and apple juice.
- "Baikal"- our answer to Coca-Cola! Its composition is quite complex. Sugar, citric acid, St. John's wort extract, licorice root and eleutherococcus, as well as essential oils: eucalyptus, lemon, laurel, fir.
- IN "Sayans", in addition to lemon infusion, Leuzea infusion was added. He gave the drink a spicy bitterness and was very invigorating.
- "Citro" made on the basis of citrus juices: lemon, orange and tangerine with the addition of vanilla.
- "Bell" made from lemon and honey.
And no preservatives, dyes and flavors! Such soda, if you do not drink it in buckets, is even useful to some extent. And how are things today?
Soda today. On the issue of harm.
Everyone has heard about the dangers of modern soda. Today it consists of continuous dyes, stabilizers, flavorings and a horse dose of sugar. Although many bottles have enticing inscriptions “Native to the USSR”, “Like in childhood” And "According to GOST!". Them should not be trusted because even GOST has long been adopted by the new and according to him, it is permissible to introduce a variety of “E” into carbonated drinks ...
It is clear to everyone what killer cocktail better not to drink at all and if you abuse sweet pop, you can earn caries, diabetes and obesity. A few words should also be said about carbon dioxide. On my own carbon dioxide harmless, but its constant intake in the digestive tract (especially if the drink is highly carbonated) irritates and stretches the walls of the stomach, increases the secretion of gastric juice, which can lead to the formation of gastritis, erosions and ulcers. This is such a depressing situation. Sometimes I really want “soda from childhood”, although once during the whole summer, but I have not yet come across 100% natural. And you? Maybe someone found the same one, as in childhood?
P.S. There is another solution! You can make your own healthy soda at home.
The history of consumption of carbonated water in Russia has more than one century. Soda has managed to be a whim of aristocrats, a popular drink and even a weapon of geopolitics, our answer to Coke.
Where did he even come from - lemonade?
Like many great inventions, sparkling water was invented by mistake. According to legend, the first "soda" in history was made by the butler of King Louis I. When the monarch asked for wine, the butler mixed up the kegs of wine and juice. I noticed a mistake and added mineral water to the juice. The king liked the drink. Allegedly, this is how the “royal lemonade” appeared.
But this is a legend. In fact, it is known that back in the 17th century in France, lemonade was called a mixture of lemon juice with mineral water. Not everyone could afford such a drink, so the consumption of lemonade was considered a whim of the aristocracy. They also drank lemonade in Italy. There, lemonade was also insisted on various herbs.
Thus, the world history of lemonade began with the mixing of lemon juice with mineral water, only in 1767, the English scientist Joseph Priestley came up with a saturator, with which it became possible to saturate plain water with carbon dioxide bubbles.
The first carbonated lemonades appeared already at the beginning of the 19th century, and in 1871 the first lemonade was patented in the United States. With a fancy name: "High Quality Lemon Carbonated Ginger Ale". It was this pop that Lolita liked to drink in Nabokov's sensational novel.
Petrovsky innovations
The appearance of lemonade in Russia is associated with Peter the Great. The recipe, and most importantly, the fashion for the consumption of lemonade, he brought from Europe. The diplomat of the time of Peter the Great, Pyotr Tolstoy, wrote that abroad "they drink more lemonade ...". New drink in Russia they fell in love immediately, and the emperor ordered "to drink lemonade at the assemblies." Having picked up a fashionable trend, they began to prepare a soft drink in noble and merchant families, although it was not cheap and was stored for only a week.
Lemonade in art
TO early XIX For centuries, lemonade in Russia was drunk not only in assemblies and not only by aristocrats. True, usually it was not yet carbonated lemonade, but rather lemon water. It was still expensive to mix it with mineral water. Herman drank lemonade in Pushkin's "Queen of Spades" and Arbenin in Lermontov's "Masquerade", Dunya in "The Stationmaster" served her father a mug of "lemonade prepared by her." In Chekhov's story "The Fermentation of Minds", Akim Danilych drank lemonade with cognac in a grocery store.
soda
In Russia, the history of lemonade has received its unique development. In 1887, the Tiflis pharmacist Mitrofan Lagidze came up with the idea of mixing carbonated water not with lemon juice, but with an extract of Caucasian tarragon, better known as tarragon. At pre-revolutionary international exhibitions, effervescent and flavored drink Lagidze has repeatedly received gold medals. Mitrofan Lagidze was the supplier of the Imperial Court and the Iranian Shah.
The Waters of Lagidze were also popular in Soviet times. From the Tbilisi plant twice a week, on Mondays and Wednesdays, parties of lemonade were sent to Moscow by special flights for the first persons of the state. It is known that Khrushchev loved pear and orange drinks, Brezhnev - pear and tarragon, Kalinin - orange, Anastas Mikoyan - pear and lemon.
"Waters of Lagidze" also participated in geopolitics. Tbilisi lemonades were on the tables of the Yalta conference participants, Franklin Roosevelt took several thousand bottles of Cream Soda with him to the United States, and Churchill mentioned Yalta lemonade in his memoirs.
When another US president, Harry Truman, sent 1,000 bottles of Coca-Cola as a gift to the USSR in 1952, he received in return a whole batch of various Lagidze lemonades, including such exotic types as chocolate and cream.
Automata
On April 16, 1937, the first sparkling water machine was installed in the Smolny canteen. This can be considered a truly historic event. Further more. Machine guns began to appear in Moscow, and then throughout the Union. Just sparkling water cost one penny, sparkling water with syrup was sold for three pennies. The cups were reusable, they were simply rinsed with a stream of water, which was far from current hygiene standards.
There is such a historical tale: “Lavrenty Beria suspected Mitrofan Lagidze of “chemizing” while preparing his famous lemonades. Then Lagidze prepared his Tarragon right in the room, under Stalin and Beria.
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