Panchenkov moonshine. Cutting and separating the washcloth

Many people like to drink alcoholic drinks, and some like to make their own. This is not just a way to save money, but an exciting one. creative process which brings pleasure to many men.

However, distillation is a rather complicated process and requires special knowledge and equipment. In order for moonshine to turn out to be safe for health and of high quality, it is necessary to get rid of harmful impurities in the composition of the mash. This can be done with multiple devices.

The Panchenkov nozzle is one of them. With its help, unwanted impurities are eliminated during the distillation process. In this case, the result is odorless moonshine, fusel oils and not losing in the fortress.

The article will help to understand the advantages, disadvantages, principle of operation and features of the preparation and installation of the Panchenkov nozzle.

Device Description

Before considering the features of the operation of the Panchenkov mesh-nozzle, it is necessary to briefly describe the procedure for cleaning moonshine from impurities - rectification.

This procedure is a multiple distillation of raw alcohol, as a result of which all unnecessary impurities are removed from it, for example, wood alcohol, the use of which can be harmful to humans.

• To purify raw alcohol, it should be poured into the cavity of the distillation cube.
• Next, the container should be placed on a heat source, for example, a burner gas stove and bring it to a certain temperature.
• When a certain temperature is reached, the liquid turns into steam, which circulates through distillation column, and then enters the cavity of the reflux condenser.
• After the condensate flows down the walls distillation column and dephlegmator.
• The column cavity itself is equipped with a Panchenkov mesh, which is combined with stainless steel shavings in distillation units.

It is this feature moonshine still allows you to clean the moonshine, and without prejudice to its strength.

The nozzle, called the Panchenkov grid, was developed by Tupolev, and the invention was patented. Such a wire mesh was first intended for high-quality cleaning of petroleum feedstock with a view to its further use as fuel for aircraft.

The grid itself was made of copper, since this metal absorbs sulfur efficiently and sulfur does not return back to the purified product. Copper also increases the rate of heating and cooling of the mesh.

Today, Panchenkov's nets are actively used in the light industry. They are also equipped with premium moonshine stills.

The mesh looks like a coiled copper wire with a special weave, which allows you to conveniently place the device inside the device. Mesh parameters can be adjusted independently. It is also easy to clean after use.

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Principle of operation

After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe (string), where they come into contact not only with the walls, as in classical distillation, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving some of the heat to the wire.

As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with high temperature boilings condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the tsarga in the form of phlegm (liquid), and the alcohol vapors, purified from part of the harmful impurities, continue to move to the cooler, where they condense and enter the receiving container in the form of moonshine.

During distillation, the Panchenkov nozzle reduces the steam flow rate in the drawer side, slowing down the entire process. Compared to a conventional moonshine still, it takes more time to distill the same amount of home brew, but the output is cleaner.

In the case of rectification, the RPN performs the same function as any other plate or nozzle, providing a simultaneous heat and mass transfer process.

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reference Information

Adjustable wire attachment, on-load tap-changer is a scientific development of OAO Tupolev, confirmed by a patent for an invention. It was originally developed to increase the efficiency factor for the purification of crude oil for subsequent use as fuel for aircraft.

1. Copper was used for the manufacture, designed to improve the absorption of sulfur and prevent it from entering the already purified product.
2. Thanks to their physical properties, copper acts as a catalyst for the operation of the apparatus, increasing the rate of heating and cooling and reducing the interval between these processes.
3. To date, the on-load tap-changer is used not only in the flight industry, but also in the production of alcohol-containing products. In everyday life, it is used for the manufacture of premium moonshine stills, like Grinalko and others.
4. Structurally, it is a rolled copper wire with a special weave, which is convenient to insert into the column. It is easy to adjust the size, density and length on your own, it is also easy to pull it out and clean it from absorption products.

Practical use

The use of an improving nozzle can be considered in such a unit as Favorit moonshine still. It has a dephlegmator column, which is connected to a wave adapter with a flow type cooler. The column also contains a pre-cooler, which can be switched off.

The package includes a Panchenkov nozzle. The installed hinged structure is collapsible and, if necessary, is modified. This requires the purchase of additional items.

Novice moonshiners claim that the Panchenkov nozzle significantly reduces the flow rate. This is true, but in the end, a pure product is obtained faster and better, since no distillation or rectification is required.

Although there is a slight decrease in output, this is compensated by a cleaner product in the exclusive Favorit moonshine still and other similar units. In cases where a regular Panchenkov nozzle (RPN) is used, the design of the apparatus can be reduced without compromising the quality of the finished product.

This solution is beneficial for small-sized products, where an important place is given to external dimensions. Since a superstructure a meter or more high will look overly bulky even in a large kitchen.

The moonshine still using a nozzle, the basic principle of operation remains the same as with the classic layout.

• The difference is only in the lengthening of the passage of vapors in the cavity.
• Passing through a pipe with a filler (nozzle), alcohol vapors containing impurities have the opportunity to come into contact with a larger metal surface than during the passage through an empty pipe.
• Giving off heat, fusel oils cool down, condense and return to the cavity to the mash.
• At the same time, the alcohol continues to move further to the outlet.
• Phlegm particles can be picked up again and moved to the upper layers of the container, where, once again passing through the tap changer, they will return again.

Thus, it is possible to prevent unwanted liquids from entering the finished alcohol or moonshine.

The pipe, as well as its filler, do not fall into temperature regime to the level of condensation of alcohol vapors, which provides them with passage to the refrigerator. The role of the nozzle is a condensation filter for household moonshine stills. It was first used for large industrial units involved in the distillation of oil, alcohols, gas, etc.

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Product Benefits

Main positive traits, which the Panchenkov nozzle possesses, are as follows:

1. with the simplicity of the design, it is possible to achieve maximum cleaning results;
2. the terms of purification with a nozzle are significantly reduced, since the process goes in parallel with the production of alcohol;
3. it can be placed / taken out inside the tsargi in a rolled form;
4. can be adjusted according to the degree of filling in the pipe, creating a flow of the required power;
5. the material is stainless steel, which can be used for many years;
6. if necessary, it can be purchased separately to the one in the kit.

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Disadvantages of using

Many distillers do not want to use this additional filter.

And although the principle of operation of the Panchenkov nozzle allows you to remove harmful impurities from the drink, because of it, the flow rate in the moonshine is noticeably reduced. However, the majority uses it, as they are ready to sacrifice distillation time, ultimately obtaining a higher quality and purified alcohol.

Actually, the increase in distillation time is the only drawback that can hardly be called serious.

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Features of the Panchenkov nozzle

Efficiency

A regular wire nozzle is used to increase the degree of cleaning and allows you to get more pure moonshine and alcohol, filtering vapors from fusel oils and various impurities.

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Functionality

It perfectly copes with its main task, namely, it creates an extensive surface for heat and mass transfer between steam and phlegm, in the process of rectification.

Convenience

It has the convenience of use in almost every moonshine still, which has the ability to place a nozzle rolled into a roll inside the apparatus column.

Ease

The amount of filling of the nozzle in the barrel of the moonshine still can be adjusted independently. The nozzle is easy to get out of the moonshine still for cleaning. Ideal filler for a small distillation column.

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The main characteristics of the Panchenkov nozzle

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What can be achieved by using the device

• when passing through it, alcohol-containing mixtures are perfectly separated into separate fractions;
• it increases the strength of moonshine;
• it is easy to maintain at home;
• durability, low cost and availability.

However, it should be borne in mind that a regular wire nozzle works effectively with a pipe length of at least 35 cm, therefore, it can only be used in household appliances of low and medium power.

What is most interesting is that Panchenkov's mesh nozzle was developed by Tupolev Design Bureau in 1981. This product was intended to increase the degree of purification of petroleum feedstock in the production of aviation fuel.

In real conditions, Panchenkov's on-load tap-changer began to be used in home distillers with a drawer and household distillation columns. The Panchenkov tap changer is the second in terms of cleaning degree (after the Selivanenko tap changer) and the easiest nozzle to use.

Briefly about how it works. After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe, where they come into contact not only with the walls of the pipe, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving part of the heat to the wire. As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the tsarga in the form of reflux (liquid), and pure alcohol vapors continue to move to the cooler, where they condense into the final product.

The Panchenkov nozzle reduces the steam flow rate in the drawer side, slowing down the distillation process. The distillation time, compared to conventional devices with dry steamers and bubblers, is significantly increased, but the output of moonshine is cleaner.

The main material of the distillation column wire is stainless steel and copper. But copper nozzles are more expensive and require constant care - washing after each use.

Do-it-yourself production of the Panchenkov tap changer is virtually impossible, due to the complexity of weaving and the tolerances and standards that are used at the factory.

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Preparation of the moonshine still and Panchenkov nozzles

1. For greater practicality, we combine 2 processes and boil the Panchenkov nozzle directly in the tank. To do this, pour into alembic 4-5 liters of water, pour 1 sachet of citric acid into it and throw the nozzles inside.
2. We assemble the device, connect the cooling hoses and start heating. Heating can be carried out at maximum speed, in this case it does not play a special role.
3. After the first drops of water have gone, we slightly reduce the heating and boil in this state for another 15 minutes. After that, turn off the heating, remove the nozzles from the cube and wait until the device cools down.
4. Rinse the boiled nozzle again clean water, and if no defects were found in the apparatus during the first distillation, we insert the nozzle into the column, and proceed to the first distillation of the mash.

And a few more useful tips for beginner moonshiners. In order to avoid trouble when working with the device, we recommend that you carefully read them:

• Try not to leave the device unattended, especially at first;
• Carefully monitor the amount of mash in the cube, if it has completely boiled away, heating the cube must be urgently stopped
• It is very important to constantly ensure that right amount water leaked into the refrigerator to cool
• When distilling on stoves with an open fire, be careful, as strong moonshine tends to burn
• Rinse the distiller with warm water after each distillation.

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How to install and clean the Panchenkov nozzle

The most optimal price-quality ratio has a regular Panchenkov nozzle (OLTC) made of copper.

First of all, it is copper. Copper, as found out, binds sulfur compounds on its surface, which makes it possible to obtain a drink that is much more tasty and aromatic, free from hydrogen sulfide odors.

First of all, decide on the length.

It depends on the inner diameter of the column side. The approximate length of the Panchenkov tap-changer is given below:

• Ø30mm - 15cm
• Ø38mm - 30cm
• Ø51mm - 50cm
• Ø60mm - 100cm
• Ø74mm - 200cm

Having cut off the RPN, roll it up, form a wad, sometimes called a roll or a candy bar. You have to wrap it pretty tight. But with a small diameter of the side (up to 38 mm), you should not overdo it, because. the probability of column flooding may increase. At the same time, the wads for the sides with a large diameter should be wound more tightly so that they do not fall out of the sides.

Folding methods

There are three ways to roll a wad. There is no fundamental difference between them.

Method 1. You can roll it completely into a “roll”, a spiral. In this case, it will turn out to be more dense. Special attention give the beginning of the winding so that a through hole does not form along the axis of the wad.

Method 2. Quite often, the RPN is folded like this. Bend about one third of the length of the tap and fold it with the rest. Then already twist into a "bar", starting from the place of inflection. The photo shows the process of wad formation.

Bend about one third of the length of the tap and fold it with the rest. Then, from the side of the bend, we turn the on-load tap-changer into a “bar”.

Method 3. Often the wad is formed as shown in the photo above, but the on-load tap-changer is first folded in half.

The width of the tap changer is 10 cm. Accordingly, the length of the wad will be exactly 10 cm. As a rule, there are several wads from the tap changer in the column of the moonshine still. You can replace all stainless steel wads with copper ones. Or maybe partially. Three copper "bars" are quite enough. Maybe even two. But with a fairly productive device, this may not be enough.

Device preparation

1. After that, rinse the "bars" in detergent for dishes to remove residues of the oil used in its production, and rinse running water.
2. Then pickle a little in a solution of citric acid. Enough about 10 ... 20 grams of citric acid per 1 liter of boiling water.
3. Stir to dissolve the citric acid (it dissolves very quickly) and dip the "bars" into the solution. A few minutes is enough.
4. Then remove Panchenkov's on-load tap-changer from the solution and rinse it in running water. All. Preparation is over.

During operation, due to the interaction with sulfur compounds and other substances of vapor from the distillation cube, the surface of the nozzle is covered with a coating. Depending on the raw material, the color may vary from black to silver.

If the coating is very strong, when the RPN dries out, it can “coke up” and it is worse to let the mash vapor pass in the future, which leads to column flooding. Therefore, after each use, it must be removed from the column with some kind of hook-shaped object, washed and etched in a solution of citric acid, as described above.

The pickling time depends on the degree of contamination. It is etched until the characteristic copper color appears.

Etching should be carried out in a ventilated area. Small dark areas can be ignored. After that, rinse the on-load tap-changer in running water and dry. After drying, the surface may darken, but do not worry.

The service life of Panchenkov's copper tap changer depends on the frequency of use, the feedstock and the acidity of the mash, the cleaning time in a citric acid solution.

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Prices for the Panchenkov nozzle

These nets are sold in many stores in this direction, they are not expensive, so the purchase will not hit the distiller's pocket. One such grid costs an average of 500-700 rubles. However, the price depends on the parameters. In expensive moonshine stills, they come by default, which once again confirms the need for their use.

However, if there are problems finding this mesh or buying it, then you can use a regular household steel sponge. Its efficiency is not lower, and it filters fusel oils just as well.

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Device analogs

There are various "household" inventions that people use for lack of the Panchenkov nozzle itself.

The most popular of them is the usual metal washcloth, which is sold in almost any household store and costs a penny.

• True, before use, it must be tested for resistance to corrosion.
• This can be done as follows: first you need to cut it into fragments, wrap them in a damp cloth and sprinkle with salt.
• If within two or three days the washcloth is not covered with rust, then it can be safely replaced with Panchenkov's mesh.

The second "analogue" is Raschig's ceramic rings. It is recommended to use rough rings. Also, the mesh can be replaced by spiral-prismatic nozzles, which are no worse than Panchenkov's meshes in terms of efficiency.

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Spiral-prismatic fillers have been invented quite recently. SPN Selivanenko was the first of them. Now some modifications of this nozzle have appeared, for example, the 10-sided SPN of Diogenes.

Currently, the spiral prismatic nozzle is considered the best for use in home-brewed stills and distillation columns. For household mash columns and distillers, it is better to use copper SPN, according to some reports, it softens the taste of the distillate.

1. The SPN is made of stainless wire with a thickness of 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mm.
2. Consists of segments 4x4; 3.5x3.5; 3x3 and 2x2 mm prismatic spiral.
3. The smaller the packing, the higher the quality of the resulting product, but lower productivity, and with a large packing, the selection rate increases, but the separation quality is lower.

The nozzle is poured into the column and lightly compacted every 10 cm, for this it is convenient to use the handle of a shovel. For a household column, it is easier to purchase a nozzle from a trusted seller, because Lately There are many fakes on the market.

The price of the SPN Selivanenko nozzle is about 1500-2500 rubles per liter, 1 liter, depending on the type of wire, weighs about 1.2 kg.

You can make SPN with your own hands at home. To do this, you need stainless steel wire, a winding device (usually a drill or a screwdriver), and the finished cut nozzle must be pickled.

• This element passes steam through itself, retaining phlegm on its surface, which settles in the form of a film. In this place, work is done to separate the mixture into fractions.
• An increase in the area of ​​​​SPN has a beneficial effect on the final moonshine, however, it is important not to create obstacles for the passage of vapors.
• A dense nozzle can block the movement of future condensate.
• In the case of an increase in the layer of phlegm to a critical level, the choke of the moonshine still begins.

There are 3 types of choke: film, emulsification and emergency. Thus, it is necessary to select the power so that the apparatus works in the emulsification choke system without going into emergency.

Washcloths

Washcloths occupy a leading place in the use as packings in columns. The reason is availability and low price. The main rule when choosing is corrosion resistance. Given this, you do not need to do, immediately, a bulk purchase.

Below is a private opinion of the choice of washcloths and their use

In order for the processes of heat-mass exchange to take place in the distillation column, the column pipe must be filled with a packing. There is a wide variety of industrial distillation column packings. But getting them is not always possible.

Therefore, as an alternative to the nozzle industrial production, in the distillation column, a nozzle made of household washcloths was used for washing dishes made of stainless steel. Below are photographs of the washcloths used and an explanation of the manufacturing process of the distillation column packing.

1. Washcloths made in China. Used for more than a year, after removal from the column, no signs of corrosion were noticed. Can be used as a nozzle.
2. Washcloths Russian production"Clean". They have about twice the volume compared to Chinese ones. Chinese washcloths, which I later replaced with these. Washcloths come from different manufacturers and can be made from different grades of steel.

Sometimes not quite satisfying in quality. During the distillation process, various changes in the taste and smell of the distillate can occur from such washcloths. Therefore, the choice of washcloths is a crucial moment, not all washcloths are suitable for use as a nozzle.

In the column, it is better to use "Chistulya" washcloths.

Cutting and separating the washcloth

We take scissors, pierce the washcloth approximately in the middle and cut it in half. The scissors cut rather poorly, I had to shorten the cutting part on the emery and sharpen at the same time. Work has become much more convenient.

After the washcloth is cut in half, you need to divide it into several more parts. We cut with scissors, right along the mochaki. You should get about 4-5 pieces.

Then we cut the pieces into separate rings of 3-5 turns each. It turns out a bulk nozzle.

In the process of cutting washcloths into separate fragments, a lot of small rings and other debris are obtained.

In order to get rid of unnecessary debris, you can use a sieve with holes that are suitable in diameter. The diameter of the holes must be selected in such a way that the fragments of the nozzle remain in the sieve, and the debris is sifted through the holes. As such a sieve, you can use such a device.

Nozzle dimensions in millimeters. Here is a different nozzle cut in size from different washcloths.

The sizes of the turns, as well as their diameter, are different for different washcloths. Depending on the diameter of the pipe, you need to use different washcloths. For pipes with a small diameter of 25-35 mm, use washcloths with a minimum coil size. For pipes of larger diameter, it is better to use washcloths with larger coil diameters. The cutting process will go faster.

The tube is filled to the top with nozzle. It remains to insert the grate and solder the adapter to connect to the dephlegmator.

Sometimes this substance is used for other purposes, such as creating a water lock. When stuffing the device with another nozzle.

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Ceramic Raschig Rings

Raschig rings are ceramic nozzles that have found wide application in modern industry. The nozzles work as follows: absorption occurs on the surface of the nozzles when they are placed in the absorber.

Ceramic nozzles for effective absorption must meet a number of specific requirements:

• they must have a high specific surface area,
• as well as significant free volume,
• and also have an insignificant specific gravity in order to produce a minimum pressure on the supporting structures, to provide little resistance to the gas flow,
• effectively distribute liquid over the surface and be characterized by excellent corrosion resistance to the environments in which they will be located (most often we are talking about acidic and alkaline environments).

Raschig rings (ceramic packings) are intended for mass-exchange, heat-exchange, as well as modern highly efficient distillation and separation industrial equipment (chemical and oil refining industries).

They have a number of distinctive characteristics and must meet certain specific requirements.

1. Among them, one can single out a large specific surface area and a small specific gravity.
2. There should also be a sufficiently large free volume, the ability to provide low resistance to gas flows, the ability to distribute liquid well.
3. An equally important indicator is the resistance to the corrosive environment in which the nozzles are located.

Rashig rings are classified as one of the subtypes of ring nozzles. Outwardly, these are cylindrical nozzles with thin walls. The outer diameter of such devices, most often, is equal to the height of the ring itself. This parameter changes from 25 to 150 millimeters.

The market is also saturated with other, more modern, nozzles, which are in many ways better than Raschig rings. These are devices of Pall, Berl. This fact is connected with the fact that Raschig rings are very simple, they do not have any additional devices.

But this is their plus, since the nozzles are quite easy to manufacture and cheap. Today they are quite widely used in practice and are most often used in many enterprises.

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The main stages of moonshine

The rules of moonshine fix 4 main stages in the preparation of this wonderful drink:

1. Preparation of raw materials.
2. Fermentation.
3. Braga distillation.
4. Purification of the received drink
5. Aromatization is an optional but recommended step to enhance the taste and give it a bright aroma.

For those who are just learning the basics of home brewing, it is advisable to have a fully equipped apparatus, where there is:

• hydrometer to determine the strength of the finished drink;
• thermometer to control the distillation temperature;
• manometer - a device for measuring pressure in a distillation cube.

distillation process

The moonshine technology is not limited to this stage, but this is precisely the mechanism for obtaining ethyl alcohol from fermented mash.

For this purpose, a moonshine still is used - it can be either home-made or factory-made.

The mash itself is poured into a sealed distillation cube, where it is heated to a certain temperature. The purity and content of the drink depends on how correctly the temperature is maintained at each stage.

The whole process can be divided into the following stages (distillation):

1. Intensive heating to a temperature of 66-68°C, when the first impurities begin to separate. Next, the temperature is gradually brought to 78°. It is important to do this slowly so that part of the mash does not splash out.

The drink obtained during the first distillation contains more than 50% of harmful impurities, including acetone and fusel oils. Its use is fraught food poisoning up to death.

1. Maintaining the temperature at around 78-82 ° is the longest stage, during which the main part of the ethyl is released. After the second distillation, the product can already be consumed, but if you do not use a steamer, the concentration of fusel oils is still very high.

Periodically check the alcohol content in the collection with a hydrometer or the old-fashioned way - setting fire to a spoon. As soon as the liquid stops burning, turn off the heating.

1. In the millet of the third distillation, the temperature is raised to 87-90°C to begin the separation of heavy fusel oil.

Throughout the process of home brewing, the temperature in the refrigerator (coil) is controlled - it should not rise above 30 ° C. This balance is ensured by the constant circulation of cold water.

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Types of moonshine stills

The choice of moonshine should be made based on its functionality and practicality. Let's look at what moonshine stills are, the main criteria for determining the price and a set of options:

• Principle of operation (rectifier, distiller);
• The material from which it is made;
• The volume of the distillation cube;
• Cooling method;
• Power (in the presence of heating elements)
• Productivity liters per hour

Distiller

The principle of operation of distillers is simple. First, the alcohol-containing liquid is heated to the boiling point of alcohol, and then the vapors containing alcohol are cooled. Throughout the entire distillation process, maintain a certain temperature regime, since when it fluctuates, fusel oils enter the drink, spoiling the smell and taste.

A distiller for moonshine is chosen if it is important for the drink to convey the aroma of the raw materials used in the preparation of the home brew. Suitable for making whiskey, cognac, calvados, rum and fragrant vodka. Among the advantages, it is worth highlighting the low cost, ease of operation and maintenance.

The distillation column is able to almost completely purify the final product from fusel oils and other impurities.

The quality of the feedstock from which the mash was prepared does not matter. organoleptic in the final drink is almost absent, and the percentage of alcohol is 96.6%. Distillers cannot give such a result even with repeated distillation. From such alcohol, wonderful tinctures and vodka are obtained.

Rectification is the separation of binary or multicomponent mixtures due to countercurrent mass and heat exchange between vapor and liquid.

1. The principle is as follows, alcohol-containing vapors rise up and are cooled by a refrigerator located at the very top of the column, return down in the form of reflux and meet with ascending vapor, mass-heat exchange occurs, the concentration of alcohol increases.
2. Below is a selection unit with which you can control the amount of alcohol taken and change its quality, the slower the selection, the purer the alcohol at the exit.

Most modern devices have two modes (distillation and rectification) by slightly changing the configuration of the equipment, you can prepare distillate or rectified, which is very convenient.

Alambik

The close interest of potential buyers is caused by alambiks - classic distillers with the upper part of the distillation cube in the form of a dome. In practice, only stills made of copper have advantages over other devices. They give out a product with the best organoleptic properties.

Almost all alambicas are handmade in the Mediterranean countries (France, Spain, Italy) and are expensive. Often they can be seen in drinking establishments specializing in the production of exclusive alcohol.

They sparkle and impress visitors. It is easier for an ordinary man in the street to purchase a moonshine mini-factory with a high degree of automation for this money.

Volume of alembic

You should decide how much you are going to process and how often. The more productive the model, the larger, heavier and more expensive it is.

Pay attention to the power of the cooler. It must correspond to the volume of the cube and the heating power or be higher (in this case, it will be possible to change the cube to a more spacious one).

Therefore, in order to choose the right moonshine home distiller you should get advice not only about performance, but also about the maximum possible volume of the cube, the recommended intensity of heating and cooling.

For example, from 10 liters of mash with a strength of 12% after double distillation with head and tail fractions you get about 1.8 - 2 liters of 40% distillate, based on these data, decide how much mash you need to process to get the amount of alcohol you need.

What material should the device be made of?

Disputes over whether copper or stainless steel should be a moonshine still have been going on for a long time.

Often the advice of experienced winemakers comes down to the fact that the best home distillers must be made of copper. In fact, each material has advantages and disadvantages.

Copper

• The main advantage of copper is the ability to absorb sulfur oxide, which makes the folk drink too "fragrant".
• In addition, copper has a high thermal conductivity, and, therefore, greater productivity and less water consumption required for cooling.
• And of course, copper moonshine stills look expensive and presentable.

Unfortunately, there are many disadvantages hidden behind the advantages:

1. Price. If the goal of buying a device is to save money, it makes no sense to take expensive copper equipment.
2. The complexity of care. Due to the adsorption of sulfur oxide, deposits form on the surface of the device. You need to remove it after each use, which is quite laborious.
3. Life time. Copper is not as strong as stainless steel. Most copper aficionados use steel stills anyway, as the copper bottom burns out quickly.

stainless steel

Apparatuses and distillation cubes for them made of stainless steel occupy high places in the ranking. It is necessary that the steel not only does not rust, but also complies with the state standards of the food or medical industry.

• An important factor is the thickness of the material. The optimal parameter is 2 mm. Such models of home moonshine stills are durable, affordable and easy to use.
• In devices made of thin steel up to 1 mm, the mash will burn and give the final product the taste of burnt porridge.
• Distillation cubes with a wall of 3-4 mm. in practice have little advantage. At the same time, they weigh 50-70% more and cost at least a third more.

In order to get rid of sulfur compounds, it will be enough to fill the column with a copper nozzle and you will get a result no worse than on a device completely made of copper.

Design features and additional equipment of the moonshine still

Also, the choice of a moonshine should be made taking into account the method of heating the structure.

1. If using a gas stove, special requirements to the design for home use no, only the height of the device is assembled, it may not fit on the gas stove, the hood will interfere or something else.
2. For induction and electric stoves it is necessary to choose containers with a flat bottom, specifically for an induction cooker, the cube must be with a thick ferromagnetic bottom.

The presence of an emergency release valve for excess pressure (without this module, it is not safe to operate the moonshine still).

The presence of a thermometer is necessary for measuring the temperature at all stages of production, the control of which creates a drink at the outlet that is optimally appropriate for specific preparation technologies.

Collapsible modules are easier to clean. It is better to opt for a cube design with a wide mouth, into which you can easily put your hand in and rinse thoroughly after use.

• For rooms with insufficient height, you can purchase a cube with a built-in shade or buy additional induction cooker, they are not so expensive, and heating is very efficient and fast.
• For giving, where there are often problems with cold water, types of moonshine stills that do not require running water are suitable.

On the one hand, an electric moonshine with automation simplifies the process, on the other hand, it complicates operation. Even if one controller fails, the entire device will cease to function.

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Conclusion

Now you know what the Panchenkov nozzle is, the advantages of using it, and the cost. If you are already distilling moonshine at home, then be sure to use this grid. This simple and primitive device really helps to clean moonshine from harmful fusel oils, the ingestion of which is sure to harm health.

Production alcoholic beverages at home is a very popular activity for many people. However, distillation requires not only special knowledge, but also equipment. Practically everyone involved in this business knows that there are harmful impurities in the composition of the mash used for distillation. You need to get rid of them, otherwise drinking a drink with these impurities can harm your health. Their removal is carried out using a simple device placed in a moonshine still. In this case, we are talking about the Panchenkov nozzle, which is just one of the varieties of such devices. What is it and how does it function?

Description of the Panchenkov nozzle

In order to understand the principle of operation of this nozzle, it is first necessary to describe the purification procedure itself - rectification. This procedure is necessary, as it allows you to remove unnecessary impurities (wood alcohol) from raw alcohol during distillation. They are detrimental to humans, therefore their ingestion into the body is unacceptable.

To purify raw alcohol, it is first poured into the cavity of the distillation cube, then the container is put on fire (on any heat source) and brought to a certain temperature. When the desired temperature is reached, the liquid will turn into steam, it will begin to circulate through a special distillation column, after which it will enter the reflux condenser cavity. Then the condensate will flow down the walls of the column and dephlegmator. It is the distillation column that is equipped with a Panchenkov packing. In distillation equipment, it is used in conjunction with stainless steel shavings. This element of the moonshine still cleans the final product without compromising the strength.

The Panchenkov nozzle device was invented at Tupolev OJSC, it is officially patented. This wire mesh was originally intended for the purification of crude oil, which was required for its further use as fuel for aircraft. The mesh nozzle itself is made of copper, since it is this metal that absorbs well the sulfur contained in the oil, which does not return to the purified product and remains on the nozzle. Also, copper is a good conductor of heat, so it quickly heats up and cools down.

However, today the Panchenkov nozzle is actively used in light industry. Most premium moonshine stills are initially equipped with this grid. It looks like a coiled copper wire. It differs from the usual mesh in a special weave, thanks to which it is conveniently located inside the device. Nozzle parameters can be adjusted independently. And since it is quite easy to remove from the column, it can be removed and cleaned if necessary.

Disadvantages of using

Many distillers do not want to use this additional filter. And although the principle of operation of the Panchenkov nozzle allows you to remove harmful impurities from the drink, because of it, the flow rate in the moonshine is noticeably reduced. However, the majority uses it, as they are ready to sacrifice distillation time, ultimately obtaining a higher quality and purified alcohol.

Actually, the increase in distillation time is the only drawback that can hardly be called serious.

How it works?

It is believed that Panchenkov's regular wire nozzle is justified for the application of the principle of operation of the apparatus does not change, but the passage of steam in the cavity is lengthened. Alcohol vapors when passing through this nozzle necessarily come into contact with the metal. At the same time, they give off their heat in the form of fusel oils, cool down, condense on the walls and then return back to the mash. The alcohol continues to move towards the nozzle.

In this case, the phlegm moves to the upper layers of the container, where it again passes through this grid and returns. This prevents impurities from getting back into the moonshine.

Here is such an uncomplicated principle of operation of the Panchenkov nozzle.

Advantages

The use of this grid allows you to expand the functionality of the moonshine still. It has certain advantages:

1. It can be removed and installed in any other (even the simplest) moonshine still.
2. The use of this nozzle makes it possible to combine two processes at once - distillation and purification of moonshine.
3. The nozzle is easy to clean, and if necessary, you can simply replace it with a new one.

Varieties

There are various "household" inventions that people use in the absence of the Panchenkov nozzle itself. The most popular of them is the usual metal washcloth, which is sold in almost any household store and costs a penny. True, before use, it must be tested for resistance to corrosion. This can be done as follows: first you need to cut it into fragments, wrap them in a damp cloth and sprinkle with salt. If within two or three days the washcloth is not covered with rust, then it can be safely replaced with Panchenkov's mesh.

The second "analogue" is Raschig's ceramic rings. It is recommended to use rough rings. Also, the mesh can be replaced by spiral-prismatic nozzles, which are no worse than Panchenkov's meshes in terms of efficiency.

Prices

These nets are sold in many stores in this direction, they are not expensive, so the purchase will not hit the distiller's pocket. One such grid costs an average of 500-700 rubles. However, the price depends on the parameters. They are included by default, which once again confirms the need for their use.

However, if there are problems finding this mesh or buying it, then you can use a regular household steel sponge. Its efficiency is not lower, and it filters fusel oils just as well.

Conclusion

Now you know what the Panchenkov nozzle is, the advantages of using it, and the cost. If you are already distilling moonshine at home, then be sure to use this grid. This simple and primitive device really helps to clean moonshine from harmful fusel oils, the ingestion of which is sure to harm health.

To a large extent from right choice nozzles depends on the efficiency of the beer or distillation column. Most beginner distillers prefer the Panchenkov nozzle. In this material, we will consider the design features, the principle of operation and the application of this product in practice.

Panchenkov nozzle(regular wire nozzle) - is a thin wire made of copper or stainless steel of a special weave, twisted into a roll and inserted into the side (pipe) of a household distillation or beer column.

Advantages of RPN:

• relatively high efficiency of separation of alcohol-containing mixtures into separate fractions (good purification);
• increases the strength of moonshine;
• ease of operation (cleaning and replacement) at home;
• durability, low cost and availability.

Flaws: a regular wire nozzle works effectively with a pipe diameter of no more than 30 cm, therefore, it can only be used in household installations of low and medium power.

Technical characteristics of the on-load tap-changer:

• thread thickness - 0.13 mm;
• gaps between the threads - no more than 1 mm;
• type of weaving - zigzag ("kulirnaya surface");
• weight - 45-55 grams (with a length of 40 cm and a width of 10 cm);
• permissible inner diameter of the pipe (tsargi) - 3-30 mm.

Regular wire nozzle in expanded form

Historical reference. Panchenkov's mesh nozzle was developed by Tupolev Design Bureau in 1981 (USSR patent No. SU 827136 (A1), IPC B01D 53/20 of 05/07/1981). According to the project, the product was intended to increase the degree of purification of petroleum feedstock in the production of aviation fuel. Copper wire was used to make the woven mesh, since copper has a high thermal conductivity and absorbs sulfur contained in oil well.

In practice, Panchenkov's on-load tap-changer showed high efficiency in home distillers with a drawer and household distillation columns. It is the second in terms of cleaning degree (after SPN Selivanenko) and the easiest nozzle to use.

Principle of operation. After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe (string), where they come into contact not only with the walls, as in classical distillation, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving some of the heat to the wire. As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the tsarga in the form of phlegm (liquid), and the alcohol vapors, purified from part of the harmful impurities, continue to move to the cooler, where they condense and fall into the receiving container in the form of moonshine .

During distillation, the Panchenkov nozzle reduces the steam flow rate in the drawer side, slowing down the entire process. Compared to a conventional moonshine still, it takes more time to distill the same amount of home brew, but the output is cleaner.

In the case of rectification, the RPN performs the same function as any other plate or nozzle, providing a simultaneous heat and mass transfer process.

Tsarga stuffed with RPN

Materials. Stainless steel has become the main wire material for beer and distillation columns, as this reduces the cost of the apparatus, simplifies operation and cleaning. There are also Panchenkov copper nozzles for premium quality equipment on sale, but they are more expensive and require constant care - washing after each use.

Do-it-yourself manufacturing. Theoretically, it is realistic to make a Panchenkov nozzle at home, but in practice it is economically unprofitable, since in addition to the wire itself, winding equipment is required, strict adherence to standards and tolerances, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing.

It is easier and cheaper to buy a ready-made on-load tap-changer. On the ethical side, the organization of handicraft production is a violation of the patent of JSC Tupolev. If you want to save money, it’s easier to fill the drawer side with stainless steel washcloths.

Installing and cleaning the Panchenkov nozzle

Often the mesh is supplied in rolls 5 or 10 cm wide and 40-100 cm long. It is easier to work with a narrow nozzle (5 cm), if desired, the mesh can be cut. The length and density of packing the tube with packing depends on the design of the apparatus or column. These parameters must be specified by the manufacturer.

If the packing is too tight, alcohol vapor may not pass well through the nozzle, which creates a risk of overpressure inside the system and an explosion.

There are two methods for installing (stuffing) a regular wire nozzle into a drawer side. The first is to fold the mesh in half, then twist it into a wad and insert it into the tube, turning it slightly. The second is to simply roll the wire nozzle from one end to the other without double folding (the density will be slightly higher). Experiments have shown that there is no fundamental difference between the described methods. To remove, just pick up the end of the wire with tweezers or a finger and gently pull towards you.

The choice of filling method is not of fundamental importance.

Panchenkov's stainless steel nozzle requires cleaning in rare cases when the mash got into the drawer or burned. To wash stainless wire, it is permissible to use any means and even digestion.

Copper regular wire nozzles should be cleaned constantly, preferably after each use.

Technology:

1. Fill pot with water and bring to a boil.
2. Contribute citric acid(10 grams per liter of water), mix.
3. Strain the decoction and rinse the nozzle well under running water to remove any acid residue.

At home, you can get alcohol during the first distillation of not the highest strength and not the best quality, if you do not use auxiliary devices. One of them is the Panchenkov nozzle, the principle of which is to screen out unwanted impurities during distillation.

Each consumer evaluates the quality of moonshine according to his own criteria, but the main ones are the strength of the drink and the almost complete absence of fusel oils and unwanted odors in the composition. Both characteristics are the responsibility of the product manufacturer, who directly controls the process.

Rectification procedure

This operation allows you to ensure high-quality cleaning of the expelled moonshine. The principle of operation of the moonshine still in this situation is multiple distillation. In the tank, the resulting steam is divided into several fractions. The process takes place in the designs of rectifiers.

To perform the distillation, raw alcohol is poured into the cube. The container is placed on a heat source and slowly begins to heat up. At this time, the liquid gradually gains temperature and forms steam above the surface. He, in turn, moves through the cavity of the distillation column and there enters the cavity of the dephlegmator. The formed condensate itself is called phlegm.

Further, it flows down along the inner surface of the distillation column and the reflux condenser. The cavity of the column has a filler called the "Panchenkov mesh", in a moonshine still it usually alternates with portions of stainless steel chips.

A collision of phlegm and vapor occurs in the cavity. This procedure has its own term - "heat and mass transfer". During rectification, the distillate is repeatedly distilled. For this, it is used different principle the work of moonshine stills using special nozzles, a food net or plates in the design. The result will be almost pure alcohol up to 97% of the fortress.

reference Information

Adjustable wire nozzle, on-load tap-changer is a scientific development of OAO Tupolev, confirmed by a patent for an invention. It was originally developed to increase the efficiency factor for the purification of crude oil for subsequent use as fuel for aircraft. Copper was used for the manufacture, designed to improve the absorption of sulfur and prevent it from entering the already purified product. Due to its physical properties, copper acts as a catalyst for the operation of the apparatus, increasing the rate of heating and cooling and reducing the interval between these processes.

To date, the on-load tap-changer is used not only in the flight industry, but also in the production of alcohol-containing products. In everyday life, it is used for the manufacture of premium moonshine stills, like Grinalko and others.

Structurally, it is a rolled copper wire with a special weave, which is convenient to insert into the column. It is easy to adjust the size, density and length on your own, it is also easy to pull it out and clean it from absorption products.

Practical use

The use of an improving nozzle can be considered in such a unit as Favorit moonshine still. It has a dephlegmator column, which is connected to a wave adapter with a flow type cooler. The column also contains a pre-cooler, which can be switched off.

The package includes a Panchenkov nozzle. The installed hinged structure is collapsible and, if necessary, is modified. This requires the purchase of additional items.

Novice moonshiners claim that the Panchenkov nozzle significantly reduces the flow rate. This is true, but in the end, a pure product is obtained faster and better, since no distillation or rectification is required.

Although there is a slight decrease in output, this is compensated by a cleaner product in the exclusive Favorit moonshine still and other similar units. In cases where a regular Panchenkov nozzle (RPN) is used, the design of the apparatus can be reduced without compromising the quality of the finished product.

This solution is beneficial for small-sized products, where an important place is given to external dimensions. Since a superstructure a meter or more high will look overly bulky even in a large kitchen.

The moonshine still using a nozzle, the basic principle of operation remains the same as with the classic layout. The difference is only in the lengthening of the passage of vapors in the cavity. Passing through a pipe with a filler (nozzle), alcohol vapors containing impurities have the opportunity to come into contact with a larger metal surface than during the passage through an empty pipe. Giving off heat, fusel oils cool down, condense and return to the cavity to the mash. At the same time, the alcohol continues to move further to the outlet.

Phlegm particles can be picked up again and moved to the upper layers of the container, where, once again passing through the tap changer, they will return again. Thus, it is possible to prevent unwanted liquids from entering the finished alcohol or moonshine.

The pipe, as well as its filler, do not fall in temperature conditions to the level of condensation of alcohol vapors, which provides them with passage to the refrigerator. The role of the nozzle is a condensation filter for household moonshine stills. It was first used for large industrial units involved in the distillation of oil, alcohols, gas, etc.

Product Benefits

The main positive qualities possessed by the Panchenkov nozzle are as follows:

• with the simplicity of the design, it is possible to achieve maximum cleaning results;
• the terms of purification with a nozzle are significantly reduced, since the process goes in parallel with the production of alcohol;
• it can be placed / taken out inside the tsargi in a rolled form;
• can be adjusted according to the degree of filling in the pipe, creating a flow of the required power;
• the material is stainless steel, which can be used for many years;
• if necessary, it can be purchased separately to the one in the kit.

VIDEO: How to properly clean the Panchenkov nozzle

Varieties of nozzles

In addition to this type, other analogues can be used inside the cavity:

• Metal washcloths sold in the housekeeping department. Their availability and budgetary cost makes the product popular among experienced moonshiners. When choosing such a product, it is worth paying attention to a sufficient degree of corrosion resistance. Before using a particular brand, you must small test. To do this, wrap the cut washcloth in a damp cloth, before that, it is necessary to salt the product abundantly table salt. If after a few days corrosion does not appear, then the washcloth is allowed for use. It is necessary to take them about 250 g per liter of capacity.

• Raschig rings, ceramics. It is desirable to select a material with a rough surface. In addition to ceramics, glass is used. This solution shows good results.

• Spiral prismatic nozzles. Many experts recognized such fillers as one of the most effective. The conclusions are based on numerous experimental results.

• Homemade nozzles. To make them, you will need a machine or a drill, as well as a stainless steel bar.

The use of any type of nozzles is the personal choice of each manufacturer of homemade alcohol.

What nozzles do you use? We are waiting for your comments and evaluations of the effectiveness of certain packings in distillation columns.

VIDEO: Manufacturing copper nozzle for distiller

Making alcoholic beverages at home is a favorite pastime of many. However, the distillation of moonshine requires not only the presence special equipment but also relevant knowledge. It is known that the mash used to distill moonshine contains impurities that are harmful to health, which should be eliminated before drinking the drink. This can be done with the help of special equipment, which is equipped with an alcoholic apparatus. One of the varieties of such equipment is the Panchenkov grid in the moonshine still. What is it and how does such a nozzle work?

Description of the Panchenkov nozzle

Before considering the features of the operation of the Panchenkov mesh-nozzle, it is necessary to briefly describe the procedure for cleaning moonshine from impurities - rectification. This procedure is a multiple distillation of raw alcohol, as a result of which all unnecessary impurities are removed from it, for example, wood alcohol, the use of which can be harmful to humans.

Panchenkov nozzle for better cleaning

To purify raw alcohol, it should be poured into the cavity of the distillation cube. Next, the container should be placed on a heat source, for example, a gas stove burner and brought to a certain temperature. When a certain temperature is reached, the liquid turns into vapor, which circulates through the distillation column, and then enters the cavity of the dephlegmator. After the condensate flows down the walls of the distillation column and dephlegmator. The column cavity itself is equipped with a Panchenkov mesh, which is combined with stainless steel shavings in distillation units. It is this feature of the moonshine that allows you to clean the moonshine, and without prejudice to its strength.

The nozzle, called the Panchenkov grid, was developed by Tupolev, and the invention was patented. Such a wire mesh was first intended for high-quality cleaning of petroleum feedstock with a view to its further use as fuel for aircraft. The grid itself was made of copper, since this metal absorbs sulfur efficiently and sulfur does not return back to the purified product. Copper also increases the rate of heating and cooling of the mesh.

Today, Panchenkov's nets are actively used in the light industry. They are also equipped with premium moonshine stills. The mesh looks like a coiled copper wire with a special weave, which allows you to conveniently place the device inside the device. Mesh parameters can be adjusted independently. It is also easy to clean after use.

It is possible to analyze the specifics of the operation of the Panchenkov nozzle using the example of a specific moonshine still. Such a detail is equipped with the Favorit distillation unit. The unit is equipped with a dephlegmator column connected to a wave adapter with flow cooler. The column also has a cooler, which can be turned off if desired. The package for the device "Favorite" includes a Panchenkov nozzle, which is collapsible structure, which can be modified.

Many distillers are reluctant to use the Panchenkov nozzle due to the fact that its operation helps to reduce the flow rate in the moonshine still. However, this feature of functioning can be sacrificed for the sake of high-quality purification of home-made alcohol.

The installation of the Panchenkov nozzle is justified for small-sized moonshine stills. When using the Panchenkov nozzle, the principle of operation of the unit is preserved, however, when this element is installed, the steam passages in the cavity of the moonshine still lengthen. When alcohol vapor passes through the nozzle, it inevitably comes into contact with the metal. At the same time, vapors in the form of fusel oils give off their heat, cool down, condense and return to the mash. At the same time, the alcohol continues to move towards the outlet.

At the same time, phlegm particles are picked up and moved to the upper layers of the container, where they are again filtered through the Panchenkov nozzle and returned again. This prevents impurities from getting back into the moonshine.

The Panchenkov nozzle, which is used to expand the functionality of the moonshine still, has the following advantages:

1. It can be installed even in the simplest moonshine stills.
2. Cleaning moonshine with a Panchenkov nozzle allows you to combine the process of cleaning alcohol and its distillation.
3. It can be freely inserted and removed from the moonshine still.
4. Such a nozzle can be easily replaced with a new one, since it is easy to find it on sale.

Varieties

The Panchenkov mesh nozzle can be replaced by the following inventions:

1. Metal washcloth: you can easily find it in the housekeeping department of any store. Metal washcloths have affordable price, which can be attributed to the advantages of such things. Before using such a washcloth as an analogue of the Panchenkov grid, it should be checked for corrosion resistance: one such washcloth must be cut into small fragments, wrapped in a damp cloth, and then sprinkled liberally with trusted salt. If after a few days the washcloth does not rust, then it can be used as a Panchenkov mesh with the calculation of 250 grams of washcloth per 1 liter of capacity.
2. Ceramic Rashig rings: For moonshine stills, it is recommended to purchase rough Rashig rings.
3. Spiral prismatic nozzles: in their efficiency they are not inferior to Panchenkov nozzles.

Also, a distiller can try to make an analogue of the Panchenkov grid at home.

As for the prices for Panchenkov's nets, they have a fairly attractive cost. approximate price such a part for a moonshine is 300-700 rubles, which allows you to buy new Panchenkov nets instead of worn-out old ones, if necessary, without damage to the budget. The price of the Panchenkov grid depends entirely on its parameters.

The use of the Panchenkov nozzle does not affect the taste and smell of the finished moonshine, since the mesh itself is made of stainless steel or copper, which do not lead to a deterioration in the characteristics of the drink.

When buying a Panchenkov grid, you should pay attention to the compatibility of its parameters with the diameter of the mounting hole of the moonshine still.