The use of the harm of the Panchenkov copper nozzle. Panchenkov nozzle: principles of operation, installation and cleaning

Today we will talk about the principle of operation of this nozzle, its application, the pros and cons of using it in a moonshine still.

How the Panchenkov nozzle works

The Panchenkov nozzle, or, as it is called, the on-load tap-changer, looks like a web of intertwined steel or copper fibers, which are then twisted into rolls and inserted into the side of the apparatus column.

When hit in the tsarga, alcohol vapors come into contact with the nozzle, transferring part of their heat to it. As a result, volatile impurities, the boiling point of which is higher than that of alcohol vapor, condense on the walls and flow down. And pure couples rush on.

Copper and steel nozzles perform the same task - purifying alcohol vapors and increasing the strength of the resulting raw materials. However, they are used in different situations.

The point is the type of raw materials being distilled. When distilling cereals and fruit brews, copper nozzles are usually used. In addition to strengthening the distillate and purifying alcohol vapors, they perfectly precipitate the sulfur compounds formed during the distillation process.

When distilling sugar mash, sulfur compounds are not formed, so it makes no sense to use expensive copper nozzles. A cheaper stainless steel nozzle will do the job of cleaning and strengthening.

It is important to know! The Panchenkov nozzle works effectively only if it is irrigated. Irrigation occurs due to the reflux condenser located higher in the column. It is not advisable to use nozzles for strengthening in a column without a good dephlegmator.

Advantages of the Panchenkov nozzle

1. High level of purification from impurities at the initial stage of distillation.
2. Increasing the strength of the drink.
3. Cheapness, availability.
4. Ease of use and cleaning.

Cons of the Panchenkov nozzle

1. Decreased distillation speed

How to properly install Panchenkov nozzles

There are 2 ways to install Panchenkov nozzles in a column. The first is to fold the nozzle in half, then roll it into a roll and “screw” it into the side. The second option is to roll the nozzle into a roll without first folding it in half. In this case, the density of the nozzle will be slightly higher.

When installing nozzles, it is important not to overdo it with the density of twisting. Strongly rolled rolls can clog the column, which will lead to unpredictable consequences up to the explosion of the alembic.

To get the nozzle after distillation, just pick up its edge with tweezers and pull it towards you. If you use several pieces in series, you can link them together. Extraction will be easier.

Care and cleaning

Caring for the nozzles is as easy as installing them. After distillation it is necessary:

1. Put the nozzles in a solution of water and citric acid, boil for 15 minutes.
2. Take out the nozzles, rinse again with clean water.

After these simple procedures, Panchenkov's regular wire nozzle will be completely ready for the next use.

In general, we can say that it is possible and necessary to use nozzles in column-type apparatuses. The quality and strength of the drink is really getting higher.

If you are interested in obtaining strong and pure homemade alcohol, we recommend purchasing a regular Panchenkov nozzle for your device. You can do this on our website.

Copper nozzle Panchenkov: why use and how to maintain

If a couple of years ago there was a fairly active discussion of the topic “what kind of nozzle is better?”, Today this issue is practically closed. The appearance and development in practice of the SPN (spiral-prismatic nozzle) resolved these disputes quite unambiguously. Of course, even now the use of cut or uncut stainless steel washcloths as a nozzle remains relevant. But this is a “quick fix” option, and rectifiers using washcloths sooner or later come to SPN. Nevertheless, we will mention not only these varieties. What did they use before (and in some places still sometimes even today)?

1. Washcloths. Awarded first place for availability, low cost and pretty good results in use. When choosing washcloths, the main attention should be paid to the issue of real corrosion resistance. Therefore, you should not immediately buy a lot, you must first check the candidate. To do this, the washcloth must be “salted”, i.e. cut into pieces, sprinkle with salt and wrapped in a wet rag (or the rag needs to be soaked in brine), leave to lie down. If after a few days the rust does not appear - everything is in order, you can buy. According to the number of washcloths, it is necessary to proceed from the approximate packing density of 250-280 grams of washcloth per liter of the internal volume of the packed part of the column. You can fill both with whole washcloths, and cutting them into pieces. The density of the stuffing depends on the size of the cut (it is not particularly necessary to grind it - they crumble), and the quality of the separation depends on the density. Still, it will not be possible to achieve the maximum separation on washcloths.

Washcloths can also be used as a retaining “plug” when stuffing the column with other nozzles.

2. Raschig rings, balls, ceramics and other repeating elements. These types of packing have long been used in packed columns. The material from which the elements are made can be different - metal, ceramics, glass. The surface is better rough. In principle, a normal nozzle.

3. Sulzer nozzle, Panchenkov tap changer. This type of nozzle has long been presented by some manufacturers of household RK as an almost breakthrough solution. In fact, these nozzles have long been used in industry. Compared to the nozzles above, these two options (essentially the same) provide better separation and are slightly more productive.

Finally, relatively recently,

4. Nozzles SPN (spiral-prismatic). SPN Selivanenko was the first to appear on the market. At the moment, the topic of creating SPN is also developed by other manufacturers. A lot of work has been done to create specific SPNs to achieve various goals. At the moment, this type of nozzle is the best for use in domestic columns. According to the results of numerous experiments carried out by rectifiers, the best option in terms of versatility, results and cost is the use of a 10-sided SPN produced in Ukraine - the so-called Diogenes SPN.

You can also make SPN yourself, although for single use it is easier to buy from a reputable manufacturer. The price of a good nozzle on average ranges from 1,500 to 2,500 rubles per liter (1 liter of nozzle weighs about 1.2 - 2.1 kg, depending on the thickness of the wire). Recently I was at a construction fair, went into a pavilion with moonshine goods, so they asked for 1,500 rubles for 450 grams. This, of course, is nonsense. Here is a video on how you can make your own nozzle

I will not consider options for using broken glass and other ersatz substitutes as nozzles, since for those who want to save money there are washcloths that give a completely predictable result and about the operation of which there are a lot of reviews.

What is the impact of the nozzle on the final result? The nozzle is designed to ensure good retention on its surface of the maximum amount of phlegm in the form of a film and at the same time ensure the passage of a sufficient steam flow. Indeed, it is during the interaction of steam and reflux that the separation of the alcohol-water mixture into fractions occurs. Thus, the larger the surface area of ​​the packing, the better, but the packing must not be too "tight" to prevent the vapor path from being blocked. As soon as the “flooding” of the nozzle with phlegm begins, steam will begin to bubbling through the phlegm and then choke will occur. Thus, there are several operating modes of the column: "film", "emulsifying" and emergency - choking. The most beneficial mode is emulsification. The main thing here is to find out at what indicators of the supplied power and selection it is in your column that it is possible to achieve a stable pre-choke, which, however, does not turn into a choke. For each column, these indicators will be different, since it is impossible to take into account all the nuances, such as heat loss, heater efficiency, etc.

About the nozzle, even just one SPN, you can write a lot of things, so if you have any specific questions, ask.

Many people like to drink alcoholic drinks, and some like to make their own. This is not just a way to save money, but an exciting creative process that brings pleasure to many men.

However, distillation is a rather complicated process and requires special knowledge and equipment. In order for the moonshine to turn out to be safe for health and of high quality, it is necessary to get rid of harmful impurities in the composition of the mash. This can be done with multiple devices.

The Panchenkov nozzle is one of them. With its help, unwanted impurities are eliminated during the distillation process. At the same time, the result is odorless moonshine, fusel oils and not losing in strength.

The article will help to understand the advantages, disadvantages, principle of operation and features of the preparation and installation of the Panchenkov nozzle.

Device description

Before considering the features of the operation of the Panchenkov mesh-nozzle, it is necessary to briefly describe the procedure for cleaning moonshine from impurities - rectification.

This procedure is a multiple distillation of raw alcohol, as a result of which all unnecessary impurities are removed from it, for example, wood alcohol, the use of which can be harmful to humans.

• To purify raw alcohol, it should be poured into the cavity of the distillation cube.
• Next, the container should be placed on a heat source, for example, a gas stove burner and brought to a certain temperature.
• When a certain temperature is reached, the liquid turns into vapor, which circulates through the distillation column, and then enters the reflux condenser cavity.
• After the condensate flows down the walls of the distillation column and dephlegmator.
• The column cavity itself is equipped with a Panchenkov mesh, which is combined with stainless steel shavings in distillation units.

It is this feature of the moonshine that allows you to clean the moonshine, and without prejudice to its strength.

The nozzle, called the Panchenkov grid, was developed by Tupolev, and the invention was patented. Such a wire mesh was first intended for high-quality cleaning of petroleum feedstock with a view to its further use as fuel for aircraft.

The grid itself was made of copper, since this metal absorbs sulfur efficiently and sulfur does not return back to the purified product. Copper also increases the rate of heating and cooling of the mesh.

Today, Panchenkov's nets are actively used in the light industry. They are also equipped with premium moonshine stills.

The mesh looks like a coiled copper wire with a special weave, which allows you to conveniently place the device inside the device. Mesh parameters can be adjusted independently. It is also easy to clean after use.

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Principle of operation

After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe (string), where they come into contact not only with the walls, as in classical distillation, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving some of the heat to the wire.

As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the tsarga in the form of phlegm (liquid), and the alcohol vapors, purified from part of the harmful impurities, continue to move to the cooler, where they condense and fall into the receiving container in the form of moonshine. .

During distillation, the Panchenkov nozzle reduces the steam flow rate in the drawer side, slowing down the entire process. Compared to a conventional moonshine still, it takes more time to distill the same amount of home brew, but the output is cleaner.

In the case of rectification, the RPN performs the same function as any other plate or nozzle, providing a simultaneous heat and mass transfer process.

samo-var.kz

reference Information

Adjustable wire attachment, on-load tap-changer is a scientific development of OAO Tupolev, confirmed by a patent for an invention. It was originally developed to increase the efficiency factor for the purification of crude oil for subsequent use as fuel for aircraft.

1. Copper was used for the manufacture, designed to improve the absorption of sulfur and prevent it from entering the already purified product.
2. Due to its physical properties, copper acts as a catalyst for the operation of the apparatus, increasing the rate of heating and cooling and reducing the interval between these processes.
3. To date, the on-load tap-changer is used not only in the flight industry, but also in the production of alcohol-containing products. In everyday life, it is used for the manufacture of premium moonshine stills, like Grinalko and others.
4. Structurally, it is a rolled copper wire with a special weave, which is convenient to insert into the column. It is easy to adjust the size, density and length on your own, it is also easy to pull it out and clean it from absorption products.

Practical use

The use of an improving nozzle can be considered in such a unit as Favorit moonshine still. It has a dephlegmator column, which is connected to a wave adapter with a flow type cooler. The column also contains a pre-cooler, which can be switched off.

The package includes a Panchenkov nozzle. The installed hinged structure is collapsible and, if necessary, is modified. This requires the purchase of additional items.

Novice moonshiners claim that the Panchenkov nozzle significantly reduces the flow rate. This is true, but in the end, a pure product is obtained faster and better, since no distillation or rectification is required.

Although there is a slight decrease in output, this is compensated by a cleaner product in the exclusive Favorit moonshine still and other similar units. In cases where a regular Panchenkov nozzle (RPN) is used, the design of the apparatus can be reduced without compromising the quality of the finished product.

This solution is beneficial for small-sized products, where an important place is given to external dimensions. Since a superstructure a meter or more high will look overly bulky even in a large kitchen.

The moonshine still using a nozzle, the basic principle of operation remains the same as with the classic layout.

• The difference is only in the lengthening of the passage of vapors in the cavity.
• Passing through a pipe with a filler (nozzle), alcohol vapors containing impurities have the opportunity to come into contact with a larger metal surface than during the passage through an empty pipe.
• Giving off heat, fusel oils cool down, condense and return to the cavity to the mash.
• At the same time, the alcohol continues to move further to the outlet.
• Phlegm particles can be picked up again and moved to the upper layers of the container, where, once again passing through the tap changer, they will return again.

Thus, it is possible to prevent unwanted liquids from entering the finished alcohol or moonshine.

The pipe, as well as its filler, do not fall in temperature conditions to the level of condensation of alcohol vapors, which provides them with passage to the refrigerator. The role of the nozzle is a condensation filter for household moonshine stills. It was first used for large industrial units involved in the distillation of oil, alcohols, gas, etc.

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Product Benefits

The main positive qualities possessed by the Panchenkov nozzle are as follows:

1. with the simplicity of the design, it is possible to achieve maximum cleaning results;
2. the terms of purification with a nozzle are significantly reduced, since the process goes in parallel with the production of alcohol;
3. it can be placed / taken out inside the tsargi in a rolled form;
4. can be adjusted according to the degree of filling in the pipe, creating a flow of the required power;
5. the material is stainless steel, which can be used for many years;
6. if necessary, it can be purchased separately to the one in the kit.

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Disadvantages of using

Many distillers do not want to use this additional filter.

And although the principle of operation of the Panchenkov nozzle allows you to remove harmful impurities from the drink, because of it, the flow rate in the moonshine is noticeably reduced. However, the majority uses it, as they are ready to sacrifice distillation time, ultimately obtaining a higher quality and purified alcohol.

Actually, the increase in distillation time is the only drawback that can hardly be called serious.

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Features of the Panchenkov nozzle

Efficiency

A regular wire nozzle is used to increase the degree of purification and allows you to get cleaner moonshine and alcohol, filtering vapors from fusel oils and various impurities.

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Functionality

It perfectly copes with its main task, namely, it creates an extensive surface for heat and mass transfer between steam and phlegm, in the process of rectification.

Convenience

It has the convenience of use in almost every moonshine still, which has the ability to place a nozzle rolled into a roll inside the apparatus column.

Ease

The amount of filling of the nozzle in the barrel of the moonshine still can be adjusted independently. The nozzle is easy to get out of the moonshine still for cleaning. Ideal filler for a small distillation column.

panchenkov.ru

The main characteristics of the Panchenkov nozzle

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What can be achieved by using the device

• when passing through it, alcohol-containing mixtures are perfectly separated into separate fractions;
• it increases the strength of moonshine;
• it is easy to maintain at home;
• durability, low cost and availability.

However, it should be borne in mind that a regular wire nozzle works effectively with a pipe length of at least 35 cm, therefore, it can only be used in household appliances of low and medium power.

What is most interesting is that Panchenkov's mesh nozzle was developed by Tupolev Design Bureau in 1981. This product was intended to increase the degree of purification of petroleum feedstock in the production of aviation fuel.

In real conditions, Panchenkov's on-load tap-changer began to be used in home distillers with a drawer and household distillation columns. The Panchenkov tap changer is the second in terms of cleaning degree (after the Selivanenko tap changer) and the easiest nozzle to use.

Briefly about how it works. After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe, where they come into contact not only with the walls of the pipe, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving part of the heat to the wire. As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the tsarga in the form of reflux (liquid), and pure alcohol vapors continue to move to the cooler, where they condense into the final product.

The Panchenkov nozzle reduces the steam flow rate in the drawer side, slowing down the distillation process. The distillation time, compared to conventional devices with dry steamers and bubblers, is significantly increased, but the output of moonshine is cleaner.

The main material of the distillation column wire is stainless steel and copper. But copper nozzles are more expensive and require constant care - washing after each use.

Do-it-yourself production of the Panchenkov tap changer is virtually impossible, due to the complexity of weaving and the tolerances and standards that are used at the factory.

samogon-shop24.ru

Preparation of the moonshine still and Panchenkov nozzles

1. For greater practicality, we combine 2 processes and boil the Panchenkov nozzle directly in the tank. To do this, pour 4-5 liters of water into the distillation cube, pour 1 sachet of citric acid into it and throw the nozzles inside.
2. We assemble the device, connect the cooling hoses and start heating. Heating can be carried out at maximum speed, in this case it does not play a special role.
3. After the first drops of water have gone, we slightly reduce the heating and boil in this state for another 15 minutes. After that, turn off the heating, remove the nozzles from the cube and wait until the device cools down.
4. We rinse the boiled nozzle again with clean water, and if no defects were found in the apparatus during the first distillation, we insert the nozzle into the column and proceed to the first distillation of the mash.

And some more useful tips for beginner moonshiners. In order to avoid trouble when working with the device, we recommend that you carefully read them:

• Try not to leave the device unattended, especially at first;
• Carefully monitor the amount of mash in the cube, if it has completely boiled away, heating the cube must be urgently stopped
• It is very important to constantly ensure that the right amount of water flows into the refrigerator for cooling.
• When distilling on stoves with an open fire, be careful, as strong moonshine tends to burn
• Rinse the distiller with warm water after each distillation.

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How to install and clean the Panchenkov nozzle

The most optimal price-quality ratio has a regular Panchenkov nozzle (OLTC) made of copper.

First of all, it is copper. Copper, as found out, binds sulfur compounds on its surface, which makes it possible to obtain a drink that is much more tasty and aromatic, free from hydrogen sulfide odors.

1. Due to weaving in a special way in the form of a stocking, folded in half, from four copper wires with a diameter of 0.15 mm and giving a special relief, Panchenkov's on-load tap-changer has a large surface.
2. The larger the surface, the more efficient the process of heat and mass transfer in the column.
3. The excellent thermal conductivity of copper (only silver is better) also makes this process more efficient.

First of all, decide on the length.

It depends on the inner diameter of the column side. The approximate length of the Panchenkov tap-changer is given below:

• Ø30mm - 15cm
• Ø38mm - 30cm
• Ø51mm - 50cm
• Ø60mm - 100cm
• Ø74mm - 200cm

Having cut off the RPN, roll it up, form a wad, sometimes called a roll or a candy bar. You have to wrap it pretty tight. But with a small diameter of the side (up to 38 mm), you should not overdo it, because. the probability of column flooding may increase. At the same time, the wads for the sides with a large diameter should be wound more tightly so that they do not fall out of the sides.

Folding methods

There are three ways to roll a wad. There is no fundamental difference between them.

Method 1. You can roll it completely into a “roll”, a spiral. In this case, it will turn out to be more dense. Pay special attention to the beginning of the winding so that a through hole does not form along the axis of the wad.

Method 2. Quite often, the RPN is folded like this. Bend about one third of the length of the tap and fold it with the rest. Then already twist into a "bar", starting from the place of inflection. The photo shows the process of wad formation.

Bend about one third of the length of the tap and fold it with the rest. Then, from the side of the bend, we turn the on-load tap-changer into a “bar”.

Method 3. Often the wad is formed as shown in the photo above, but the on-load tap-changer is first folded in half.

The width of the tap changer is 10 cm. Accordingly, the length of the wad will be exactly 10 cm. As a rule, there are several wads from the tap changer in the column of the moonshine still. You can replace all stainless steel wads with copper ones. Or maybe partially. Three copper "bars" are quite enough. Maybe even two. But with a fairly productive device, this may not be enough.

Device preparation

1. After that, wash the “bars” in dish detergent to remove oil residues used in its production, and rinse with running water.
2. Then pickle a little in a solution of citric acid. Enough about 10 ... 20 grams of citric acid per 1 liter of boiling water.
3. Stir to dissolve the citric acid (it dissolves very quickly) and dip the "bars" into the solution. A few minutes is enough.
4. Then remove Panchenkov's on-load tap-changer from the solution and rinse it in running water. All. Preparation is over.

During operation, due to the interaction with sulfur compounds and other substances of vapor from the distillation cube, the surface of the nozzle is covered with a coating. Depending on the raw material, the color may vary from black to silver.

If the coating is very strong, when the RPN dries out, it can “coke up” and it is worse to let the mash vapor pass in the future, which leads to column flooding. Therefore, after each use, it must be removed from the column with some kind of hook-shaped object, washed and etched in a solution of citric acid, as described above.

The pickling time depends on the degree of contamination. It is etched until the characteristic copper color appears.

Etching should be carried out in a ventilated area. Small dark areas can be ignored. After that, rinse the on-load tap-changer in running water and dry. After drying, the surface may darken, but do not worry.

The service life of Panchenkov's copper tap changer depends on the frequency of use, the feedstock and the acidity of the mash, the cleaning time in a citric acid solution.

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Prices for the Panchenkov nozzle

These nets are sold in many stores in this direction, they are not expensive, so the purchase will not hit the distiller's pocket. One such grid costs an average of 500-700 rubles. However, the price depends on the parameters. In expensive moonshine stills, they come by default, which once again confirms the need for their use.

However, if there are problems finding this mesh or buying it, then you can use a regular household steel sponge. Its efficiency is not lower, and it filters fusel oils just as well.

homedistiller.ru

Device analogs

There are various "household" inventions that people use for lack of the Panchenkov nozzle itself.

The most popular of them is the usual metal washcloth, which is sold in almost any household store and costs a penny.

• True, before use, it must be tested for resistance to corrosion.
• This can be done as follows: first you need to cut it into fragments, wrap them in a damp cloth and sprinkle with salt.
• If within two or three days the washcloth is not covered with rust, then it can be safely replaced with Panchenkov's mesh.

The second "analogue" is Raschig's ceramic rings. It is recommended to use rough rings. Also, the mesh can be replaced by spiral-prismatic nozzles, which are no worse than Panchenkov's meshes in terms of efficiency.

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Spiral-prismatic fillers have been invented quite recently. SPN Selivanenko was the first of them. Now some modifications of this nozzle have appeared, for example, the 10-sided SPN of Diogenes.

Currently, the spiral prismatic nozzle is considered the best for use in home-brewed stills and distillation columns. For household brew columns and distillers, it is better to use copper SPN, according to some reports, it softens the taste of the distillate.

1. The SPN is made of stainless wire with a thickness of 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mm.
2. Consists of segments 4x4; 3.5x3.5; 3x3 and 2x2 mm prismatic spiral.
3. The smaller the packing, the higher the quality of the resulting product, but lower productivity, and with a large packing, the selection rate increases, but the separation quality is lower.

The nozzle is poured into the column and lightly compacted every 10 cm, for this it is convenient to use the handle of a shovel. For a household column, it is easier to purchase a nozzle from a trusted seller, because There have been a lot of fakes on the market lately.

The price of the SPN Selivanenko nozzle is about 1500-2500 rubles per liter, 1 liter, depending on the type of wire, weighs about 1.2 kg.

You can make SPN with your own hands at home. To do this, you need stainless steel wire, a winding device (usually a drill or a screwdriver), and the finished cut nozzle must be pickled.

• This element passes steam through itself, retaining phlegm on its surface, which settles in the form of a film. In this place, work is done to separate the mixture into fractions.
• An increase in the area of ​​​​SPN has a beneficial effect on the final moonshine, however, it is important not to create obstacles for the passage of vapors.
• A dense nozzle can block the movement of future condensate.
• In the case of an increase in the layer of phlegm to a critical level, the choke of the moonshine still begins.

There are 3 types of choke: film, emulsification and emergency. Thus, it is necessary to select the power so that the apparatus works in the emulsification choke system without going into emergency.

Washcloths

Washcloths occupy a leading place in the use as packings in columns. The reason is availability and low price. The main rule when choosing is corrosion resistance. Given this, you do not need to do, immediately, a bulk purchase.

Below is a private opinion of the choice of washcloths and their use

In order for the processes of heat-mass exchange to take place in the distillation column, the column pipe must be filled with a packing. There is a wide variety of industrial distillation column packings. But getting them is not always possible.

Therefore, as an alternative to the nozzle of industrial production, in the distillation column, a nozzle made from household washcloths was used to wash dishes made of stainless steel. Below are photographs of the washcloths used and an explanation of the manufacturing process of the distillation column packing.

1. Washcloths made in China. Used for more than a year, after removal from the column, no signs of corrosion were noticed. Can be used as a nozzle.
2. Russian-made washcloths "Chistulya". They have about twice the volume compared to Chinese ones. Chinese washcloths, which I later replaced with these. Washcloths come from different manufacturers and can be made from different grades of steel.

Sometimes not quite satisfying in quality. During the distillation process, various changes in the taste and smell of the distillate can occur from such washcloths. Therefore, the choice of washcloths is a crucial moment, not all washcloths are suitable for use as a nozzle.

In the column, it is better to use "Chistulya" washcloths.

Cutting and separating the washcloth

We take scissors, pierce the washcloth approximately in the middle and cut it in half. The scissors cut rather poorly, I had to shorten the cutting part on the emery and sharpen at the same time. Work has become much more convenient.

After the washcloth is cut in half, you need to divide it into several more parts. We cut with scissors, right along the mochaki. You should get about 4-5 pieces.

Then we cut the pieces into separate rings of 3-5 turns each. It turns out a bulk nozzle.

In the process of cutting washcloths into separate fragments, a lot of small rings and other debris are obtained.

In order to get rid of unnecessary debris, you can use a sieve with holes that are suitable in diameter. The diameter of the holes must be selected in such a way that the fragments of the nozzle remain in the sieve, and the debris is sifted through the holes. As such a sieve, you can use such a device.

Nozzle dimensions in millimeters. Here is a different nozzle cut in size from different washcloths.

The sizes of the turns, as well as their diameter, are different for different washcloths. Depending on the diameter of the pipe, you need to use different washcloths. For pipes with a small diameter of 25-35 mm, use washcloths with a minimum coil size. For pipes of larger diameter, it is better to use washcloths with larger coil diameters. The cutting process will go faster.

The tube is filled to the top with nozzle. It remains to insert the grate and solder the adapter to connect to the dephlegmator.

Sometimes this substance is used for other purposes, such as creating a water lock. When stuffing the device with another nozzle.

alkoinfo.net

Ceramic Raschig Rings

Raschig rings are ceramic nozzles that have found wide application in modern industry. The nozzles work as follows: absorption occurs on the surface of the nozzles when they are placed in the absorber.

Ceramic nozzles for effective absorption must meet a number of specific requirements:

• they must have a high specific surface area,
• as well as significant free volume,
• and also have an insignificant specific gravity in order to produce a minimum pressure on the supporting structures, to provide little resistance to the gas flow,
• effectively distribute liquid over the surface and be characterized by excellent corrosion resistance to the environments in which they will be located (most often we are talking about acidic and alkaline environments).

Raschig rings (ceramic packings) are intended for mass-exchange, heat-exchange, as well as modern highly efficient distillation and separation industrial equipment (chemical and oil refining industries).

They have a number of distinctive characteristics and must meet certain specific requirements.

1. Among them, one can single out a large specific surface area and a small specific gravity.
2. There should also be a sufficiently large free volume, the ability to provide low resistance to gas flows, the ability to distribute liquid well.
3. An equally important indicator is the resistance to the corrosive environment in which the nozzles are located.

Rashig rings are classified as one of the subtypes of ring nozzles. Outwardly, these are cylindrical nozzles with thin walls. The outer diameter of such devices, most often, is equal to the height of the ring itself. This parameter changes from 25 to 150 millimeters.

The market is also saturated with other, more modern, nozzles, which are in many ways better than Raschig rings. These are devices of Pall, Berl. This fact is connected with the fact that Raschig rings are very simple, they do not have any additional devices.

But this is their plus, since the nozzles are quite easy to manufacture and cheap. Today they are quite widely used in practice and are most often used in many enterprises.

articleland.ru

The main stages of moonshine

The rules of moonshine fix 4 main stages in the preparation of this wonderful drink:

1. Preparation of raw materials.
2. Fermentation.
3. Braga distillation.
4. Purification of the received drink
5. Aromatization is an optional but recommended step to enhance the taste and give it a bright aroma.

For those who are just learning the basics of home brewing, it is advisable to have a fully equipped apparatus, where there is:

• hydrometer to determine the strength of the finished drink;
• thermometer to control the distillation temperature;
• manometer - a device for measuring pressure in a distillation cube.

distillation process

The technology of home brewing is not limited only to this stage, but this is precisely the very mechanism for obtaining ethyl alcohol from fermented mash.

For this purpose, a moonshine still is used - it can be either home-made or factory-made.

The mash itself is poured into a sealed distillation cube, where it is heated to a certain temperature. The purity and content of the drink depends on how correctly the temperature is maintained at each stage.

The whole process can be divided into the following stages (distillation):

1. Intensive heating to a temperature of 66-68°C, when the first impurities begin to separate. Next, the temperature is gradually brought to 78°. It is important to do this slowly so that part of the mash does not splash out.

The drink obtained during the first distillation contains more than 50% of harmful impurities, including acetone and fusel oils. Its use is fraught with food poisoning up to a lethal outcome.

1. Maintaining the temperature at around 78-82 ° is the longest stage, during which the main part of the ethyl is released. After the second distillation, the product can already be consumed, but if you do not use a steamer, the concentration of fusel oils is still very high.

Periodically check the alcohol content in the collection with a hydrometer or the old-fashioned way - setting fire to a spoon. As soon as the liquid stops burning, turn off the heating.

1. In the millet of the third distillation, the temperature is raised to 87-90°C to begin the separation of heavy fusel oil.

Throughout the process of home brewing, the temperature in the refrigerator (coil) is controlled - it should not rise above 30 ° C. This balance is ensured by the constant circulation of cold water.

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Types of moonshine stills

The choice of moonshine should be made based on its functionality and practicality. Let's look at what moonshine stills are, the main criteria for determining the price and a set of options:

• Principle of operation (rectifier, distiller);
• The material from which it is made;
• The volume of the distillation cube;
• Cooling method;
• Power (in the presence of heating elements)
• Productivity liters per hour

Distiller

The principle of operation of distillers is simple. First, the alcohol-containing liquid is heated to the boiling point of alcohol, and then the vapors containing alcohol are cooled. Throughout the entire distillation process, maintain a certain temperature regime, since when it fluctuates, fusel oils enter the drink, spoiling the smell and taste.

A distiller for moonshine is chosen if it is important for the drink to convey the aroma of the raw materials used in the preparation of the home brew. Suitable for making whiskey, brandy, calvados, rum and flavored vodka. Among the advantages, it is worth highlighting the low cost, ease of operation and maintenance.

The distillation column is able to almost completely purify the final product from fusel oils and other impurities.

The quality of the feedstock from which the mash was prepared does not matter. organoleptic in the final drink is almost absent, and the percentage of alcohol is 96.6%. Distillers cannot give such a result even with repeated distillation. From such alcohol, wonderful tinctures and vodka are obtained.

Rectification is the separation of binary or multicomponent mixtures due to countercurrent mass and heat exchange between vapor and liquid.

1. The principle is as follows, alcohol-containing vapors rise up and are cooled by a refrigerator located at the very top of the column, return down in the form of reflux and meet with ascending vapor, mass-heat exchange occurs, the concentration of alcohol increases.
2. Below is a selection unit with which you can control the amount of alcohol taken and change its quality, the slower the selection, the purer the alcohol at the exit.

Most modern devices have two modes (distillation and rectification) by slightly changing the configuration of the equipment, you can prepare distillate or rectified, which is very convenient.

Alambik

The close interest of potential buyers is caused by alambiks - classic distillers with the upper part of the distillation cube in the form of a dome. In practice, only stills made of copper have advantages over other devices. They give out a product with the best organoleptic properties.

Almost all alambicas are handmade in the Mediterranean countries (France, Spain, Italy) and are expensive. Often they can be seen in drinking establishments specializing in the production of exclusive alcohol.

They sparkle and impress visitors. It is easier for an ordinary man in the street to purchase a moonshine mini-factory with a high degree of automation for this money.

Volume of alembic

You should decide how much you are going to process and how often. The more productive the model, the larger, heavier and more expensive it is.

Pay attention to the power of the cooler. It must correspond to the volume of the cube and the heating power or be higher (in this case, it will be possible to change the cube to a more spacious one).

Therefore, in order to choose the right moonshine home distiller, you should get advice not only about performance, but also about the maximum possible volume of the cube, the recommended intensity of heating and cooling.

For example, from 10 liters of mash with a strength of 12% after double distillation with the separation of head and tail fractions, approximately 1.8 - 2 liters of 40% distillate will be obtained, based on these data, decide how much mash you need to process to get the amount of alcohol you need.

What material should the device be made of?

Disputes over whether copper or stainless steel should be a moonshine still have been going on for a long time.

Often the advice of experienced winemakers comes down to the fact that the best home distillers must be made of copper. In fact, each material has advantages and disadvantages.

Copper

• The main advantage of copper is the ability to absorb sulfur oxide, which makes the folk drink too "fragrant".
• In addition, copper has a high thermal conductivity, and, therefore, greater productivity and less water consumption required for cooling.
• And of course, copper moonshine stills look expensive and presentable.

Unfortunately, there are many disadvantages hidden behind the advantages:

1. Price. If the goal of buying a device is to save money, it makes no sense to take expensive copper equipment.
2. The complexity of care. Due to the adsorption of sulfur oxide, deposits form on the surface of the device. You need to remove it after each use, which is quite laborious.
3. Life time. Copper is not as strong as stainless steel. Most copper aficionados use steel stills anyway, as the copper bottom burns out quickly.

stainless steel

Apparatuses and distillation cubes for them made of stainless steel occupy high places in the ranking. It is necessary that the steel not only does not rust, but also complies with the state standards of the food or medical industry.

• An important factor is the thickness of the material. The optimal parameter is 2 mm. Such models of home moonshine stills are durable, affordable and easy to use.
• In devices made of thin steel up to 1 mm, the mash will burn and give the final product the taste of burnt porridge.
• Distillation cubes with a wall of 3-4 mm. in practice have little advantage. At the same time, they weigh 50-70% more and cost at least a third more.

In order to get rid of sulfur compounds, it will be enough to fill the column with a copper nozzle and you will get a result no worse than on a device completely made of copper.

Design features and additional equipment of the moonshine still

Also, the choice of a moonshine should be made taking into account the method of heating the structure.

1. If a gas stove is used, there are no special design requirements for home use, only the height of the assembled unit, it may not fit on the gas stove, the hood will interfere, or something else.
2. For induction and electric stoves, it is necessary to choose containers with a flat bottom, specifically for an induction cooker, the cube should be with a thick ferromagnetic bottom.

The presence of an emergency release valve for excess pressure (without this module, it is not safe to operate the moonshine still).

The presence of a thermometer is necessary for measuring the temperature at all stages of production, the control of which creates a drink at the exit that is optimally appropriate for specific preparation technologies.

Collapsible modules are easier to clean. It is better to opt for a cube design with a wide mouth, into which you can easily put your hand in and rinse thoroughly after use.

• For rooms with insufficient height, you can purchase a cube with a built-in heater or additionally buy an induction cooker, they are not so expensive, and heating is very efficient and fast.
• For summer cottages, where there are often problems with cold water, types of moonshine stills that do not require running water are suitable.

On the one hand, an electric moonshine with automation simplifies the process, on the other hand, it complicates operation. Even if one controller fails, the entire device will cease to function.

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Conclusion

Now you know what the Panchenkov nozzle is, the advantages of using it, and the cost. If you are already distilling moonshine at home, then be sure to use this grid. This simple and primitive device really helps to clean moonshine from harmful fusel oils, the ingestion of which is sure to harm health.

Currently, the production of homemade alcohol is gaining more and more popularity. And in order to get a high quality product, you need not only certain knowledge and a good moonshine still, but also some additional devices with which you can significantly improve the quality of the product. Panchenkov's regular wire attachment is one such device.

The advantages of using the Panchenkov nozzle are as follows:

• the cleaning of moonshine from harmful impurities in the process of distillation improves;
• the strength of moonshine increases;
• RPN has a low cost;
• characterized by ease of maintenance.

Historical reference

The Panchenkov nozzle was developed and patented in 1981 by the legendary Tupolev Design Bureau for the purpose of more detailed purification of petroleum products in the production of fuel for aviation. Previously, only copper wire was used in the design, which has a high thermal conductivity and perfectly absorbs sulfur in oil products.

Later, on-load tap-changers began to be used for the production and cleaning of home-brewed moonshine, installing it in a drawer, or a special chamber of a moonshine still, for example, like Finland Extra.

The principle of operation of the Panchenkov nozzle

RPN (regular wire nozzle) Panchenkova is a mesh fabric made of copper or steel wire, which is rolled up before being installed in the drawer side.

The heated vapors of the mash get into the tsarga and come into contact not only with its walls, but also with the tap changer, giving off their heat. As a result of this process, vapors of impurities, whose evaporation temperature is higher than that of alcohol, begin to condense and flow back into the distillation cube, while alcohol-containing vapors continue their movement.

It should be noted that nozzles made of steel and copper purify raw materials from impurities, but they are used under different conditions. It all depends on the type of mash. Panchenkov's copper on-load tap-changers are mainly used in the processing of fruit or grain mash. And require cleaning, preferably after each use.

If sugar mash is used in the production of moonshine, then sulfur impurities do not appear during distillation, therefore it is not advisable to use expensive metal, it is enough to put a stainless steel Panchenkov nozzle.

Installing and cleaning the Panchenkov nozzle

If we talk about installing this device in a distillation apparatus, then the nozzle must be folded in half, then rolled into a tight roll, which is carefully screwed into the side. To improve the quality of the final product, it is recommended to use several tap changer rolls, inserting them one after the other into the drawer side.

• For a tsarga with a diameter of 1.5 inches - 30-35 cm each;
• For a tsarga with a diameter of 2 inches - 50 cm each.

Important! The nozzle is not twisted very tightly, since a roll that is too tight can plug the column, and during the distillation of the mash, the apparatus may simply explode.

The device is removed very simply - gently grab the edge of the nozzle with tweezers and pull it out.

As you can see, installing and removing the nozzle is very simple, as for maintenance and cleaning, it is also not difficult, for this you need:

• place the used nozzle in water and bring to a boil;
• add citric acid (10 g per liter of water);
• rinse in clean running water;
• dry – the on-load tap-changer is ready for reuse.

Moonshine is a complex process in which it is necessary to take into account various nuances in order to get a quality drink. Distillers with experience believe that if during distillation it is possible to increase the purity, quality and strength of moonshine, then any available devices should be used, and Panchenkov's RPN is no exception.

Those who are fond of making homemade alcohol are probably familiar with a special nozzle for screening out impurities. The original device was invented by the Soviet physicist Panchenkov in the 50s. the last century. It is curious that initially the device had a completely different purpose and was used exclusively for fuel stratification.

Over time, the invention of a talented scientist interested home cooks and began to be used in moonshine for rectification (purification) of alcohol.

What is it and the principle of operation of the Panchenkov nozzle

The device looks like a tightly woven fabric of metal fibers - steel or copper. To purify alcohol, it is placed in the side of the moonshine still, after being twisted into a tight roll.

When entering the tube, the alcohol vapors come into contact with the nozzle and transfer part of the heat to it. As a result, volatile impurities with a high boiling point accumulate on the walls and drain, while the purified ones move further.

Home cooks for these purposes often adapt an ordinary stainless steel kitchen washcloth, if necessary, connecting several of these products and easily adjusting them to specific needs. As for the Panchenkov nozzle, its parameters are unchanged: the device is manufactured in factory conditions with molding according to a specific template.

The nozzle has a rather dense weave and it should be selected for a specific unit, since the characteristics are not adjusted.

When, where and how to use the Panchenkov nozzle

Nozzles made of copper and steel perform the same function - they purify alcohol vapors and increase the strength of the final product.

But they are used for different types of raw materials:

For the distillation of fruit or grain mash, the copper version is better suited, since it not only cleans the vapors, but also neutralizes sulfur compounds, accumulating them on itself.

For sugar mash, cheaper stainless steel devices are suitable, since sulfur derivatives are not formed in such a product.

It should be borne in mind that for the effective operation of the device, the obligatory presence of a reflux condenser is required, which should be located higher and provide irrigation of the nozzle. Otherwise, the use of the device is meaningless.

Advantages and disadvantages of the Panchenkov nozzle

When used correctly, the "pluses" of the Panchenkov nozzle are more than the "minuses". Main advantages:

High degree of purification of the drink from impurities.

Strengthening the strength of the product.

Affordable price and ease of use.

As for the disadvantages, then it is only one - a decrease in the speed of distillation.

The feasibility of using a Panchenkov nozzle depends on the experience of the moonshiner and the level of cleaning required. Many professionals successfully use homemade stainless steel appliances, others prefer the factory version, some combine both methods.

Installation methods and nozzle care

Install the nozzle in one of two ways:

Fold in half, roll up and screw into the drawer side.

The device is twisted without bending in half, which increases its density.

You should not get too carried away with increasing the density, since rolls that are too tight can lead to adverse consequences - clogging the column and the explosion of the alembic.

After use, the device is pulled out of the apparatus with tweezers and cleaned. To do this, the nozzle is placed in a solution of citric acid, boiled for 15-20 minutes and washed with clean water. After these manipulations, the product is ready for further use.

Error or something to add?