Brazilian industry. Made in Brazil

Brazil is a country of sun and magnificent beaches, smiling people who know how to enjoy life and appreciate the moment. Brazil- a country of supermodels and simply beautiful well-groomed women. And this is logical, because the beautiful nature around obliges people to be a match for it. And perhaps that is why the textile and fashion industries are so developed in Brazil. A fashion week in sao paulo(Eng. São Paulo Fashion Week, SPFW) is currently the fifth most important in the world (after London, Milan, Paris and New York) and the largest fashion event in all of Latin America. The best Brazilian models represent the best Brazilian designers who have long been setting the tone for fashion, not only within their own country, but also abroad. So, let's talk about the most famous in the world Brazilian fashion brands.

Havaianas

The most famous in the world Brazilian fashion brand- this is, without a doubt, Havaianas. The brand of rubber flip flops and sandals originated in 1962 and was inspired by the shoes worn by Japanese immigrants. The flip flops were an immediate hit. They were durable, comfortable, practical and, most importantly, cheap. Anyone could afford a pair of these shoes. In the end, Havaianas gained such wild popularity in Brazil that they began to be taken into account even when calculating the cost of living in the country! Imagine that we have in Russia in consumer basket rubber slippers came in :) It's funny, but Brazil is an amazing country, and it's not even possible there. In general, being cheap but rather exotic shoes, tourists began to take Havaianas take home with you as a souvenir, and very soon the fame of Brazilian slippers spread all over the world.

Mid 1990s flip flop design Havaianas has been completely updated. New colors, improved models, as well as a large advertising campaign have done their job. Even Hollywood stars began to wear Havaianas. In 2003, exclusive pairs of flip flops were presented to Oscar nominees. And at the shows of the famous Jean Paul Gaultier, the models were also in Havaianas.

Now 22 million pairs are exported annually to 80 different countries. Havaianas wear everything and everywhere. On the beach, on a city walk, at a dinner in a restaurant and even at a party, because flip flops and sandals are worn by models Havaianas such a great variety that there is plenty to choose from for all occasions. For example, there are pairs with Swarovski crystals.

Melissa

In 1979, Grendene launched unusual shoes into production. The idea was simply revolutionary: shoes began to be made of plastic. This is how the Melissa brand was born. Products in an instant became super popular in Brazil. It was the first shoe brand to be worn even by the actors in the famous Brazilian TV series. Soon, plastic shoes began to be produced for export, and the company grew so much that it turned into a real giant in the shoe market. Except Melissa, brands such as Ipanema (whose face is the Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bündchen), Rider, Grendha and others have appeared. Now shoes of these brands are exported to 90 countries.

The main bestseller is, of course, Melissa. Plastic sandals and shoes can be bought in Miami and Paris. The main feature of the brand is working with famous designers and trendsetters. Special collections were released in collaboration with Vivienne Westwood, Karim Rashid, Thierry Mugler, Jean Paul Gaultier and other fashion designers, while the price of a pair of plastic shoes remained and remains affordable. Can't afford to wear Gauthier but really want to? Just buy a pair of shoes from Melissa.

Dumond

Association of Brazilian Manufacturers of Footwear and Leather Goods Parts
ASSINTECAL - Associacao Brasileira de Industrias de Componentes
para Couros e Calcados

Brazil produces more than 800 items for footwear and leather goods. These include chemicals, metal parts, fabric parts, packaging, heels, soles, laces, insoles, and synthetic items. Drawing on the experience of the world's leading manufacturers, the Brazilian footwear and leather goods industry consists mainly of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies using the most modern technologies and supplying their products to more than 70 countries of the world.
http://www.bybrasil.org.br

Shoe making equipment

Brazilian Association of Manufacturers of Machine Tools and Equipment for the Leather, Footwear and Affiliated Industries
ABRAMEQ - Associacao Brasileira das Industrias de Maquinas e Equipamentos para os Setores do Couro, Calcados e Afins

The Brazilian industry for the production of machinery and equipment for the leather industry affects all stages of the production process: cutting, sewing, disposal, adjustment and finishing. http://www.bybrasil.org.br

Paper, pulp and paper products

Brazilian Association of Paper and Pulp Manufacturers
BRACELPA - Associacao Brasileira dos Fabricantes de Papel e Celulose

http://www.bracelpa.com.br

Brazilian Printing Industry Association
ABIGRAF - Associacao Brasileira da Industria Grafica

Brazil is justifiably proud of its position as a world leader in the pulp and paper industry. The short-staple eucalyptus, which is artificially grown, is used for production after a seven-year cycle. This is the cornerstone of an industrial plan to manage Brazil's ever-increasing resources. Brazil is a leading exporter of short-staple wood pulp made from eucalyptus.
Brazil also produces office supplies. Brazilian pencils, exported to 50 countries of the world, enjoy the greatest success. http://www.abigraf.org.br

Forest, timber products, woodworking industry

Brazilian Association of the Forestry and Reforestation Industry
ABIMCI - Associacao Brasileira das Industrias de Madeira Compensada e Industrializada

Brazil has a strong position as the world's leading timber exporter. Recognizing the economic and environmental importance of the Amazon - one of the largest green spaces in the world - Brazil has implemented programs to reforest a vast area. Huge areas are occupied by fast-growing forests, mainly pine and eucalyptus species.

Among the most important products of the Brazilian forest industry are plywood, chipboard and pressed fibreboard. Sophisticated products such as doors, windows, frames and flooring are exported to the US, UK, Germany and France. http://www.abimci.com.br

Chemicals, chemical industry

Brazilian Chemical Industry Association
ABIQUIM - Associacao Brasileira da Industria Quimica

Brazil's chemical industry is the seventh largest in the world. It manufactures more than 70,000 materials and end products, and has more than 600 ISO 9000 certifications. A prime example is the production of thermoplastic resins, which are widely used in a wide range of applications - from packaging and auto parts to civil construction and textile production. http://www.abiquim.org.br

Plastic products

Brazilian Association of Plastics Manufacturers
ABIPLAST - Associacao Brasileira da Industria do Plastico

Brazilian plastic products are exported to more than one hundred countries. Brazil produces plastic products in more than 50 categories, including packaging, pipes, shopping bags, hoses, and more. http://www.abiplast.org.br

Rubber products

Brazilian Rubber Manufacturers Association
ABIARB - Associacao Brasileira das Industrias de Artefatos de Borracha

Brazil is one of the top five manufacturers of rubber products. Brazil produces components for products in constant demand, such as cars, Appliances, shoes, as well as for the construction of civil facilities. Brazil supplies most of its products to manufacturers Vehicle USA and Germany. Brazil produces over 35 million tires for cars and trucks every year. http://www.borracha.com.br

Steel

Brazilian Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy
IBS - Instituto Brasileiro de Siderurgia

In the iron and steel industry, Brazil is one of the largest exporters of iron ore, with an iron content of 68%. Brazil also exports unheated steel, pig iron, rolled metal, and ferroalloy.

In the world market of non-ferrous metals, Brazil occupies a leading position, for example: 94% of world exports of niobium, second place in the supply of tantalite. Brazil ranks third in the supply of kaolin, bauxite and aluminium. Brazil also has the largest tin deposits on the American continent and ranks fourth in the world in the production of cans.

In global steel production, Brazil ranks eighth in the world and fourth in terms of exports. In Brazilian steel exports, 63% are semi-finished steel products, as well as rolled sheets and steel rod, steel products with valuable additional properties. http://www.ibs.org.br

Vehicles

National Association of Vehicle Manufacturers
ANFAVEA - Associacao Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veiculos Automotores

The Brazilian industry, which produces tractors, bulldozers and agricultural machinery, is very competitive. Brazil exports about 300 models of multi-product products: motor graders, crawler tractors, front shovels, combines, rollers and hydraulic excavators to 120 countries around the world.

Brazil is the largest exporter of buses and vans in Latin America and is renowned for the quality of its all-terrain and city buses.

New models of heavy trucks that provide drivers with increased safety and comfort are being exported to the United States, Mexico, Argentina and Chile.

All ten of the world's largest automakers carry out production in Brazil. These leading global manufacturers have chosen Brazil as their Latin American hub for the production of both regional and international vehicles. http://www.anfavea.com.br

car parts

National Syndicate of Manufacturers of Automotive Components
S1NDIPECAS - Sindicato Nacional das Industrias de Componentes
para Veiculos Automotores

Brazil is the largest exporter of both complete equipment and spare parts. The structural changes that have taken place in the Brazilian auto industry have had a significant influence for the production of auto parts and engines. Brazil has become the largest center for the export of spare parts with increased interchangeability.

http://www.sindipecas.org.br

Machinery, machine tools and engines

Brazilian Association of Manufacturers of Industrial Machinery and Equipment
ABIMAQ - Associacao Brasileira de Maquinas e Equipamentos

The Brazilian machine tool industry includes 4,000 companies. The leading Brazilian export destinations are: agricultural and mining machinery, as well as equipment for foundry, metallurgy and rolling, pumps, compressors and internal combustion engines. http://www.abimaq.org.br

Aviation and astronautics

Embraer

The Brazilian company Embraer has thirty years of experience in the development and production of commercial and military aircraft and is currently the fourth largest manufacturer of commercial aircraft in the world. Brazil accounts for 45% of the global regional jet market. http://www.embraer.com.br

Country information (country panel)

Brazil is the largest state in South America in terms of area and population, one of the leading developing powers in the world with high political ambitions.

/

The wealth of the country is the abundance of fresh water, food and energy resources, biological diversity. Brazil is extremely rich in natural resources, especially non-ferrous and rare earth metals.

The geopolitical indicators of this country distinguish Brazil from other countries South America. Brazil is the largest country in the Latin America and Caribbean region and in terms of population, it occupies almost half of the mainland and the fifth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada, China and the United States).

• State structure: presidential republic
• Population: 202.6 million people (2014)
• Area: 8.5 million sq. km (2012), incl. 26.3% of the area are protected reserves.
• Largest cities: Brasilia (capital), Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza.
• The language is Portuguese (from 1500 until 1822, Brazil was a colony of Portugal, so even now it is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas).
• Religion: Catholicism (the country with the largest Catholic population in the world: 65% of Brazilians are Catholics).
• Water: 1st place in the world in terms of fresh water reserves

Brazil is the seventh world power in terms of GDP, has a fairly high level of scientific and technological development and well-equipped armed forces.

Brazil is a member of a number of international economic organizations: it is a member of the WTO, MERCOSUR, UNASUR, G8 +5, G20 and the Kern Group, and also plays an active role in the work of informal international BRICS groups and the IBAC Dialogue Forum (India, Brazil, South Africa).

Currently, in accordance with the classification of the UN, Brazil is classified as a group of "newly industrialized countries". It is also referred to as a country with "emerging" markets.

Brazil accounts for up to 2/3 of the industrial potential of the countries of the region and more than half of their scientific and technical potential.

Borders. Brazil is very peaceful: it has been living in peace with its ten neighbors for almost 150 years, and it has established its borders through negotiations. It borders on all the states of South America, except Chile and Ecuador: Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela. The last time she entered the war was only in 1942, after the direct aggression of the Nazi submarine fleet in the South Atlantic.

Administrative device:

• 26 states and 1 federal (metropolitan) district or
• 5 regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, South).

culture Brazil was formed under the influence of three ethno-cultural layers: European (primarily Portuguese), African and Indian. The Brazilian carnival originated in the 16th century. Bosanova, samba also characterize the country.

Population

A rapid decline in the birth rate since the 1960s to 0.8% in 2014 (137th in the world, Russia in 200th). High level of poverty. Brazil has traditionally been considered a country with a net influx of immigrants. 84.5% - urban population. Literacy - 90.4% (low). Military duty - 9-12 months.

Transport

• Airports: 2nd place in the world (after the USA) in terms of the number of airports / airfields (4093 in 2013, for comparison: in Russia - 1218).
• Railways: 28.5 thousand km, 10th in the world.
• Roads: 1.58 million km - 4th in the world.
• Waterways: 5 thousand km - 3rd place in the world,
• Water fleet: 109 (48th in the world).

Energy

• In terms of energy consumption, Brazil ranks 10th in the world (and 1st in Latin America).
• Not so long ago, huge oil reserves were discovered in the country and the oil and gas industry is booming.
• Most of the energy in the country is produced from renewable sources - from ethanol (based on sugar cane): this is a large export item - 2 billion liters of ethanol in FY2005 out of 16.6 billion liters produced). However, the industrial production of ethanol from rapeseed and sugar cane causes irreparable damage to the country's nature.

Industry

Brazil is the world leader in iron ore mining (20%) and the monopoly in niobium mining (95%). The country ranks second in the world in the production of manganese (13%) and tantalum (16%), is among the top five countries in the extraction of bauxite, tin, lithium, magnesium and is in sixth place in terms of uranium reserves.

The science

Brazil is a recognized leader in terms of the development of science and technology in South America. In the field of biofuel technology development, agricultural research, deep sea oil production technologies, and remote sensing of the Earth, Brazil rightfully occupies a leading position in the world.

Agriculture

• 4th place in the world in grain production (after China, the USA and India), 1st in sugar production and orange cultivation.
• Main products: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugar cane, cocoa, citrus fruits, beef.

Economy

Brazil is the most economically developed country in Latin America.

The economy of modern Brazil is characterized by well-developed agriculture, mining and manufacturing, services. After strong growth in the period 2003-2007. The global financial crisis of 2008 also hit Brazil.

Nevertheless, Brazil was one of the first in the world to relatively painlessly begin to emerge from the crisis and began to resume the growth of its economy. The anti-crisis policy was based on large investments in the development of domestic infrastructure projects, the development of domestic demand by expanding and simplifying lending standards for individuals and legal entities, and reducing the tax burden on national production export products and household appliances.

Due own production the country provides up to 90% of domestic demand for manufactured goods. More than 80% of the demand for machinery and equipment is met. A number of competitive Brazilian goods (aircraft, buses, cars, trucks, tractors and road-building machines, power equipment, electrical and electronic equipment, etc.) are supplied to the world market.

The main indicators of the development of the Brazilian economy (sources: CIA, IBGE):

GDP PPP	$2,416 billion (2013)
GDP	$1482 billion (2012)
GDP growth rate	2.3% in 2013 (2.7% in 2011, 0.9% in 2012)
GDP per capita (PPP)	$12,100 (2013)
Structure of GDP by sectors of origin	5.5% - agriculture, 26.4% - industry, 68.1% - services (2013).
Growth in industrial production	3% (2013), decline from 10.5% (2010), 0.4% (2011), -2.7% (2012)
Unemployment rate	5.7% in 2013
Population below the poverty line	21,4%
Average real wage	In 2012: R$ 1,793.96 (about R$ 896) (minimum wage R$ 622.00) Wage differences between women and men (R$ 1,489.01 versus R$ 2,048.34) and between white and black workers (R$ 1255.92 versus R$ 2237.14). In the public sector R$ 4001.60 versus R$ 2181.00 in the private sector.
The purchasing power of the average wage	Growth of 27% over the period 2003-2012
Distribution of the family budget - Gini index	51.9% in 2012 (16th in the world)
public debt	59.2% of GDP in 2013 (low)
Budget surplus	1.6% of GDP in 2013
inflation rate	6.2% in 2013 (180th in the world), 5.4% in 2012
Retail turnover growth	8.4% in 2012
Budget	$ 851.1 billion - revenues in 2013, $ 815.6 billion - expenses.
	$ 475.9 billion (as of 12/31/13), growth from $242.5 billion (2000)
Foreign exchange and gold reserves	378.3 billion (31.13.13)
Doing Business Ranking 2014	116

Brazilian GDP dynamics

Year	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
GDP	6,1	5,2	-0,3	7,5	2,7	0,9	2,3

Source: Central Bank of Brazil

Priority industries

The Brazilian Government's Growth Acceleration Program (Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento - PAC), adopted in January 2007 by the Brazilian government, provided for the direction of the country's economy in the period 2007-2010. investments in the amount of about 301 billion US dollars. The priority areas of the PAC are: the construction of road, water and rail transport routes, the construction and reconstruction of ports and airports, sanitation facilities, and hydroelectric power plants. a new stage of this program is PAC-2. For the purposes of the program during 2010-2012. investments in the projects of the program amounted to about 236 billion US dollars.

The Brazilian government also considers civil construction as a priority sector, investments in which, in accordance with the My Home, My Life program (Minha Casa, Minha Vida) - the construction of housing for the middle and low-income segments of the population - amounted to 188.1 billion rubles during this period. reals (about 94 billion US dollars).

In addition to these industries, due to large public and private investments, as well as targeted tax incentives, the country continued to actively develop the automotive industry, the chemical industry, the mining industry, medicine, aircraft manufacturing and programs for the use of outer space for peaceful purposes, hydrocarbon production, computer science, telecommunications, agro-industrial complex and arms production. The services sector has been developing more successfully than others in recent years. The enterprises of transnational companies in the food industry, which produce products at the level of world standards, are equipped with modern equipment. Attention is paid to traditional industries with export potential - footwear, textile, clothing industry, tourism.

Main commodity markets

Brazil's main commodity markets are industrial markets. The largest of these are the markets for automobiles, electrical appliances, building materials, cement, communications equipment, metal, vehicles, ready-to-wear and footwear.

Markets for agricultural products are traditionally important for the country, the largest of which are meat and meat products, ethanol, sugar, soy, corn, milk, rice, fertilizer, leather.

With a highly developed agriculture, Brazil is the world's largest producer and exporter of sugar, coffee and orange juice, and is the world's second largest producer of ethanol, beef, tobacco, soybeans, animal skins and skins; third place in production chicken meat, shoes, iron ore mining. The country has the largest commercial herd of cattle in the world. Brazil's share in world trade in agricultural commodities is about 7%. Brazil is the world's third largest exporter of agricultural products. The country ranks fourth in the world in aircraft exports.

E-commerce- rapid growth

• 20-25% - annual growth,
• 88.5 million people - the number of Internet users in 2013 (in Russia - 68 million people),
• 45% - Internet penetration rate in 2012,
• $20 billion - e-commerce turnover (forecast by 2015).

International trade

Dynamics of Brazil's foreign trade in 2008-2012, billion US dollars

Export
Import
Balance

Brazil is the largest country in South America, located in its central and eastern parts. The length of the land borders is about 16 thousand km, in the east, for 7.4 thousand km, the country is washed by the Atlantic. Area - 8.5 million square meters. km. According to the US Census Bureau, the population in 1999 was 171,853 thousand people. Currently, Brazil is a federal republic, administratively divided into 23 states, 3 territories and federal district. The capital is Brasilia. Monetary unit - real. The official language is Portuguese.

Characterized by a large and well developed agriculture, mining, manufacturing and service sector, Brazil's economy outperforms that of all other South American countries and is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability by building foreign exchange reserves and reducing debt. In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and the Brazilian economy was given investment status by two rating agencies. After record growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit the country's economy in September 2008. Brazil experienced two quarters of decline as global demand for Brazilian goods declined and external lending declined.

However, Brazil was one of the first developing countries to start a recovery. Consumption and investor confidence recovered and GDP growth turned positive in 2010. The recovery of exports had a positive effect on economic growth.

Currently, strong growth in Brazil and high interest rates have made the country's economy attractive to foreign investors. Large capital inflows in 2010 contributed to the rapid appreciation of the local currency and forced the government to raise taxes on some foreign investment. President Dilma Rousseff pledged to remain committed to the previous administration's central bank inflation targeting, floating exchange rates and fiscal restraint policies.

History of the Brazilian economy

Until the mid-1990s, Brazil experienced very high inflation and foreign investors were afraid to invest in the national economy. But with the introduction of a strict monetary policy in the country, the country corrected its situation: the rise in prices for consumer goods in 1998 it amounted to 2% against 1000% in 1994. But at the same time, GDP growth fell from 5.7% in 1994 to 3% in 1997 due to a tighter credit policy.

In 1998 the country's economy is facing a serious test: the global financial crisis has led to an outflow of investment from the country. Approximately 30 billion dollars was spent in August and September 1998. The most serious consequence for Brazil, after the Russian refusal to pay its debts, was the decision to change the annual interest rate (it reached 50%). After adjusting the tax program and adopting new principles of structural transformation, the International Monetary Fund issued loans to the country in the amount of 41.5 billion dollars. In January 1999, the Central Bank of Brazil announced a one-time 8% devaluation of the real and a refusal to further artificially support the national currency. The government of the country hoped for the beginning of economic growth by the end of 1999. and declared its adherence to a strict anti-inflationary course. Even though in 1999 in the country there was a currency crisis, the country's economy, despite this, by the end of 1999. nevertheless increased. Since the end of 1999, since the end of 1999, about 20 billion dollars of investments have been invested in the country's economy after the issuance of an IMF loan.

Between 1995 and 1998 there was a decline in almost all industries in Brazil (from 7.6% to -2.3% in total), especially in engineering (from 21.4% to -4.1%), energy (from 19.0% to -10 .1%) and transportation (from 13.4% to -15.1%).

But by 2000, the world's leading economists were seeing the growth of the Brazilian economy. For example, overall production growth (but data for March 2001) was 11.2% from January 2000, while analysts had expected 6.8%. Combined with strong output, there has been a better-than-expected drop in unemployment and a surprisingly large trade deficit recorded in early 2001.

The hot period of economic activity has led to the fact that imports began to develop at a faster pace than exports, despite the fact that the devaluation helps to increase the competitiveness of Brazilian products. Between January and February, exports rose 13.8% to $8.62 billion, while imports rose 18.6% to $9.02 billion.

Many media said that with such a growth rate, the Brazilian economy would "overheat", but the country adapted to the fast-growing economy precisely through imports, and not through rising prices, as previously assumed. In 2000, the Central Bank lowered its benchmark interest rates from 45% to 15.25%, in the hope that the economy would continue to respond to the rate cut cycle over the past two years.

Brazil's GNP in 1998 was $767,578 million. Brazil's GDP in 1998 was $778,209 million. At the end of 1999, the decline in Brazil's GDP did not exceed 2%, despite the expected 3.8%.

Exports in 1998 amounted to 51 billion dollars and consisted of iron ore, coffee, soybeans, oranges, cars, aircraft, weapons. Exporting countries: EEC - 28%, Latin America (excluding Argentina) - 28%, USA - 20%, Argentina - 13%. Imports in 1998 amounted to 57.6 billion dollars and consisted of crude oil, machinery and equipment, and food products. Importing countries: EEC - 26%, USA - 22%, Argentina - 13%, Japan - 5%.

However, in subsequent years, Brazil was waiting for a new period of frankly weak economic development. The government of Luis Inacio Lula da Silva failed to contain the growth of domestic debt, which has long been more than half of GDP, despite a policy of lowering bank interest rates. Bank interest rates that attracted speculative short-term capital to Brazil remained the highest in the world at 14.25%. So far, economic growth has been held back by the devaluation of the local currency, the real, whose exchange rate was artificially maintained at a level of 30% below the real one against the US dollar, which naturally restrained production growth and made exports expensive.

The pace of development of the Brazilian economy in 2006-2007 remained below the global level - such a conclusion is contained in the report of the International Monetary Fund.

In December 2008, the President of Brazil signed a decree on the formation of a "sovereign wealth fund" in the amount of up to $ 6 billion, financed by a state budget surplus (up to 3.8% of GDP). The purpose of the fund is to provide investment for Brazilian companies in the face of the collapse of external sources of credit.

Relative change in GDP by years: +5.1% (2008); -0.2% (2009); +7.5% (2010). In 2010, the volume of GDP amounted to 2.023 trillion. dollars (2182 trillion dollars at PPP). GDP per capita reached $11,220 ($11,514 PPP). The inflation rate was 4.5% and the unemployment rate was 5.7%.

Brazilian industry

Brazil is one of key countries developing world. In terms of GDP, it ranks first in Latin America, and in terms of industrial production, it is among the ten largest countries in the world. The share of industry in GDP is 26.4%, and agriculture - 6.1%. Industry employs 14% of the workforce. Brazil has large reserves of minerals: iron (over 100 billion tons), manganese (100 million tons), uranium (256 thousand tons) ores, coal (21 billion tons), oil, etc.

Brazil industrial production growth rate, % to the previous year

Mining industry. Despite the rapid development and rich resource base of Brazil, the share of this industry in GDP is small. The extraction of apatite and iron ore is highly developed there, as well as the extraction of gold, silver, tin, diamonds and asbestos. The iron ore industry works to a large extent for export.

More than 40 types of minerals are mined in Brazil. The most significant are iron and manganese ores. More than 200 million tons of iron ore are mined per year, approximately 80% is exported. Brazil occupies one of the first places in the world in terms of bauxite mining. Zinc, copper and nickel are mined for domestic market. Brazil is a supplier of strategic raw materials: tungsten, niobium, zirconium, mica, etc. Brazil provides only half of its oil needs and is forced to import it. The annual demand for oil is 75 million tons. In the 1970s, significant reserves of gold were found in the Amazon, and now its production is about 80 tons per year. Coal deposits have been found, but the coal is of low quality and its production is about 5 million tons per year. The most developed production of aluminum on its own bauxites, as well as nickel and copper.

Energy. Up to 90% of the country's electricity is produced by hydroelectric power plants, alternative sources are also used (most of the cars run on alcohol), firewood, coal, and one nuclear power plant. Ferrous metallurgy. operates on its own ore and imported coke. The country is one of the ten world steel producers (smelting - 25 million tons). The largest factories are located in the states of Minas Gerai and Sao Paulo.

Brazil has a huge hydropower potential. Energy is 99% based on hydropower. Brazil has the second largest hydroelectric power station in the world - Itaipu. In 2005, 546 billion kWh were generated. Brazil exported 7 million kWh of electricity and imported 39 billion kWh, mostly from Paraguay. In 2007, 438.8 billion kWh were generated, 404.3 billion kWh were consumed, and 2.034 billion kWh were exported. Electricity import in 2008 - 42.06 billion kWh (mainly from Paraguay).

Manufacturing industry. The manufacturing industry occupies over a quarter of the GDP. The main industries are oil refining and the chemical industry. Developed - transport engineering (primarily automotive), machine tool building. The country ranks fourth in the world in the construction of sea vessels, and the success of the aircraft industry is noticeable. The radio hardware structure has been developed, and the production of electronic computers is developing at a rapid pace. The main centers of the industry are Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil produces more than 1.5 million cars annually. The main car manufacturers in the country are Scania, Mercedes-Benz and Fiat. The main manufacturer of buses is Mercedes-Benz.

Agriculture in Brazil

Agriculture in Brazil employs 20% of the labor force. In terms of exports of agricultural products, Brazil is in third place in the world, its share in world exports of these products is 6.1%. The share of agricultural products in Brazil's exports reaches almost a third. In the structure of the industry, crop production is leading (60% of the value of all products), and in the course of the evolution of land use and land tenure systems, the institution of large land ownership - latifundia (80% of all cultivated land) has developed. In addition, small landownership - minifundia - is widespread. Although specific gravity The latter is small, but it is they who produce the bulk of food (and not export, as on latifundia plantations) crops for domestic consumption: cereals, legumes, potatoes. Brazil is a traditional producer and exporter of a number of agricultural products: coffee, sugar cane, soybeans, corn, cocoa, bananas, cotton, as well as a significant number of cattle.

In the north of Brazil there are huge forest areas of the Amazon, occupying 60% of the entire territory of the country. But stocks of valuable tree species are used unconventionally and poorly. Of greatest importance is the collection of rubber, the harvesting of nuts and medicinal plants.

Coffee is one of Brazil's main exports. In 2008, 2790.8 million tons of coffee were harvested, thus Brazil is in first place in the world in this indicator. By its production, Brazil is on the 1st place in the world. Brazil ranks 1st in the world in the production of sugar cane, from which ethanol is made, used mainly as a fuel for cars. In 2008, 648 million tons were harvested. Cocoa beans (208 thousand tons), cotton (3.9 million tons) and soybeans (59.9 million tons) are also grown.

Brazil's main consumer crops are wheat, corn and rice. In 2008, harvested: corn - 59 million tons (two crops are being harvested), rice - 12 million tons, wheat - 5 million tons.

Livestock in Brazil is predominantly meat, it provides about 40% of the value of agricultural products. Pasture cattle breeding predominates, as well as beef cattle breeding in combination with vegetable growing. Animal husbandry is most common in the Central-West of the country. In 2002, there were 176 million head of cattle, 30 million pigs, 1050 million heads poultry and 15 million sheep.

Brazil transport

Transport in Brazil is developed extremely unevenly, railways are mainly located in the east of the country. Transport highways (at first, railways) began to form in the 19th century. And now, new and modernized railway lines mainly connect mining centers and agricultural production areas with ports. The length of railways is 29,252 km, including 487 km with a wide gauge, 194 km with a standard gauge, 23,785 km with a narrow gauge, and 396 km with the rest.

The length of motor roads is 1.98 million km. (of which with a hard surface - 184,140 km.). Highways, although they are the longest in all of Latin America and carry most passengers do not meet the needs of the country, moreover, they are unevenly distributed throughout the country. Maritime (98% of all foreign trade cargo) and air transport play an exceptional role in the development of foreign trade relations.

Airports: total - 4276, with hard surface - 714, without hard surface - 3562. Water transport: total - 137 vessels with a displacement of 2,038,923 gt / 3,057,820 dwt, dry cargo ships - 21, oil tankers - 47, chemical tankers - 8, gas tankers - 12, passenger - 12, container - 8, bulk carriers - 21, ro-ro - 8.

The role of Brazil in the world economy

The Brazilian economy, having a highly developed agriculture, mining industry (it ranks first in the world in the extraction of iron ore, apatite, the second in the extraction of beryllium, the third in the extraction of bauxite, the fourth in the extraction of gold, asbestos, tin) and the service sector, is the most powerful in the region and has a significant impact on world markets. Brazil is the world's largest producer of coffee and sugar cane, and one of the largest exporters of agricultural products.

Despite the inexpressive indicators of economic development, Brazil claims to be the world leader in developing countries. A new confirmation of the country's government's claims to leadership among the third world countries was the intention to form a bloc of countries at the upcoming IMF forum in order to block the IMF reform project, which would give China, South Korea, Turkey and Mexico greater rights in making decisions of the international financial body. The volume of exports in 2010 amounted to 199.7 billion US dollars, and imports - 187.7 billion US dollars. Exports are transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles. Export partners China 12.49%, USA 10.5%, Argentina 8.4%, Netherlands 5.39%, Germany 4.05% (for 2009). Imports - machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, automotive parts, electronics. Import partners USA 16.12%, China 12.61%, Argentina 8.77%, Germany 7.65%, Japan 4.3% (for 2009).

So the country began manufacturing and selling grain coffee. Four dozen countries were never able to make up the gap in the production of excellent Brazilian coffee, which immediately made the country the world market leader.

The gold and diamond mining sites have made Brazil a popular economic trading partner. But the moment came when another product of this country began to mean for the whole world no less precious Brazilian metals and stones. Of course, we are talking about Brazilian coffee. To date, natural grain coffee ranks second in terms of sales. The sale of coffee beans is second only to the sale of oil. while drinking invigorating drink from our tiny china cup, we can only guess the true extent of this universal love for hot drink.

Especially popular today among women (and not only) Brazilian green coffee for weight loss. A bunch of positive feedback about this drink made it a bestseller. Among other things, Brazilian green coffee for weight loss not only allows you to normalize weight, but also has a general tonic effect on the body and improves immunity, which is especially important for residents of megacities who do not have the opportunity to often visit nature in order to get, so to speak, "green recharging".

Brazilian coffee beans have long won universal love due to their characteristic taste and aroma, which wakes up thousands of people around the world every morning and fills them with energy and vigor for new achievements and victories. Today, about 4 million coffee trees are grown in Brazil. Basically, these are the most popular varieties of Robusta and Arabica, which in certain proportions form the majority of famous drinks. To date, there are varieties of Brazilian coffee that are most popular all over the world - this is Santos coffee, Bourbon Santos coffee, Flat Bit Santos coffee, Conylon coffee.

Perhaps the most famous Brazilian coffee in the world. It is made in the vicinity of Sao Paulo, the southern region of Minas Gerais and Paraná. This variety is a kind of measure and quality model for other producers. A fundamentally important issue in the selection of coffee is the size of the beans. It got its name from the name of the port of Santos, through which the bulk of coffee transportation has been going on since ancient times.

Owner mild fragrance and slight acidity. This variety is obtained mainly from Santos. The first 3-4 years, coffee trees of this variety bear fruit with small, rolled grains. A drink based on it has many admirers in the farthest corners of the world.

Coffee Flat Beat Santos- the cheapest variety of all presented. Most of it is harvested from the same trees of the Santos variety, but after 3-4 years. During this period, the grains become even and large. It is from them that Flat Beat Santos coffee is made.
- based drink coffee tree robusta. It accounts for 15% of coffee grown in Brazil. The drink is especially popular among espresso fans, because it is Robusta that allows you to get the aroma and taste for which this type of coffee has become so loved.

These varieties of Brazilian coffee are the most famous in the world. Derived primarily from robutsu and arabica coffee, Brazilian coffee beans have now established a strong position of their own to conquer the world of coffee aficionados. However, why conquer us? We are always for a good and high-quality drink!

By the way, you can buy Brazilian coffee of excellent quality using our website, which presents selected varieties of coffee from around the world. To buy Brazilian coffee, you just need to leave a request or contact our consultants at the specified number.