A Brief History of Russian Candy. Chocolate factories in Russia
Until now, there are disputes about how and when chocolate appeared in Russia. According to one version, he, like everything pro-Western, was brought to Russian soil Peter I. According to the second version, he brought cocoa beans and a recipe for making hot chocolate to Russia. Venezuelan Ambassador Francisco de Miranda who arrived in Kherson in 1786 year. Immediately upon arrival, he was introduced to the favorite of the Empress, Prince G.A. Potemkin, and in 1787 in Kyiv - the most Catherine II. Whether the empress tasted the overseas delicacy from the hands of Miranda is now difficult to establish, but it is known for sure that the Venezuelan treated the princes G.A. with chocolate. Potemkin and A.I. Vyazemsky. Soon the imperial court placed an order for cocoa. so hot chocolate conquered one more state Russian Empire.
The appearance of chocolate in Russia
Lieutenant General K.K. Shtakelberg, head of wind and symphony orchestras, in the late 19th - early 20th centuries noted in his notes that "at the Imperial Court, after a meal, besides coffee, a cup of chocolate was served - a custom that has been preserved since the time of Empress Catherine II."
The first written mention of chocolate on Russian soil dates back to 1818, when a guest of St. Petersburg wrote to Moscow about a certain shop on Nevsky Prospekt, where "it's nice to relax and drink a cup of hot chocolate." History, unfortunately, has not preserved the name of the author and the name of the shop. But soon chocolate in Russia, as well as in Europe, was already prescribed to high-ranking patients to improve appetite and strengthen immunity - and they also simply drank it. healthy treat for their own pleasure and pampered their children.
The 19th century can be called the century of chocolate in Russia without exaggeration. Mentions of him are found in the works of the best Russian writers and poets - Pushkin, Lermontov, Goncharov, whose heroes either break a chocolate bar, or relax with a cup of cocoa, or simply give chocolate to their loved ones.
In 1861 chocolate became so popular that E.I. Molokhovets, a classic of Russian culinary literature, includes his recipe in his book A Gift to Young Housewives.
E.I. Volkhovets "Gift to young housewives", 1861
St. Petersburg, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Kharkov - the advanced "chocolate" cities in the pre-revolutionary period - were literally crammed with chocolate shops, large stores and industries. Chocolate was sold both by weight and by the piece, and in the Pfeifer confectionery, located near the Alexander Theater of the Northern Capital, one could even buy “chocolate things”.
The peak of the creation of chocolate factories in Russia came in the 19th century. Then most of the large industries opened. However, there were other, no less popular manufacturers, whose names were undeservedly forgotten after the October Revolution. The names of these factories can now be read only on the wrappers and packaging of chocolates and sweets collected by collectors.
Using Russian chocolate wrappers, it is easy to study the tastes of citizens and the history of the country: Peter the Great, gnomes, easter bunnies, Lenin, chubby girls and Gagarin, who is unrecognizable.
The Moscow Museum of the History of Russian Chocolate contains thousands of such wrappers, as well as pink velvet bonbonnieres, notes of a chocolate waltz, books with pre-revolutionary recipes and fine porcelain.
We went to the museum to understand the history of Russian chocolate, but it turned out to be temporarily closed, and we had to meet one of its founders, Maria Golovkina, in the field - at the Zlata Rozman factory, where Maria, in her free time from lectures and museum excursions time prepares chocolate according to Belgian technology, but in compliance with strict Soviet GOSTs.
Chocolate came to Russia under Peter the Great. It was liquid, very expensive, and at first they drank it only at Peter's assemblies. Quite quickly, palaces began to be equipped with special rooms for making chocolate, and even the position of a coffee shop was invented - a person responsible for chocolate, tea and coffee at the royal court.
Then chocolate gradually went beyond the palace, and by the end of the 18th century street hawkers were selling it. After a while, coffee houses began to open all over Russia, where people drank hot chocolate and discuss the news. In addition to postcards with the image of these old coffee houses, we have no other information yet, they are collected bit by bit. It is not yet possible to find recipes from that period, we have later recipes - the end of the 19th century, when tiles and sweets were already being produced throughout the country.
In 1914 there were 170 confectioneries in St. Petersburg chocolate production, in Moscow - 213, and throughout Russia - more than 600. The main achievement confectionery factories considered receiving the title "supplier of the court of His Imperial Majesty" and the opportunity to draw a double-headed eagle on their products.
The nomination was awarded twice a year - before Easter and around Christmas. They gave it for merit and for quality, and if it fell, then the nomination was taken away; it was not hereditary. Basically, the suppliers of the imperial court were confectioners who lived in Russia, with the exception of one Frenchman - Antoine Rümpelmeier, who invented the Mont Blanc cake and fed Russian aristocrats in Nice with chocolate, for which he received an honorary title. The most popular Moscow factories - Einem Partnership and A.I. Abrikosov Sons Factory and Trade Association - competed fiercely with each other. Abrikosov, for example, lured male shoppers into stores by hiring only brunettes in some stores and only blondes in others. Einem was not far behind.
Chocolate has always been an elite product, not everyone could afford it - and not every day. If you compare the packages, you can immediately see which chocolate was made where. St. Petersburg was an intelligent city, and Moscow was a merchant city. And Moscow packaging looks much more expensive than St. Petersburg. In general, in those days, packaging often cost more than the candies themselves.
The sweets were packed in pink velvet boxes with a satin bottom, in elegant plywood boxes with art deco ornaments: probably, gentlemen gave such sweets to ladies. Before the revolution, wonderful artists were engaged in confectionery graphics, it is known that Ivan Bilibin, Alexander Benois, Viktor Vasnetsov were involved in drawing wrappers. The most important pre-revolutionary factory artist is Emmanuil Andreev. It was he who drew the "Clumsy Bear" and many other famous wrappers.
Several large Moscow factories managed to survive after the revolution: Einem Partnership, A.I. , very popular in Soviet time. In St. Petersburg, the factory "Georges Borman" survived - a participant in seven European exhibitions. By the way, it was Bormann who first came up with our open production, putting in the middle trading floor chocolate making machine. He was also famous for being the first in St. Petersburg to install an automatic machine for drinking cocoa. But he quickly closed it, because people immediately threw 30 kopecks instead of 15 in the hope of getting two portions at the same time, they hit the machine; in general, it did not work.
Many other wonderful factories have not survived: "Bligken and Robinson", "Steam Factory confectionery Dinga”, “Jani Confectionery Steam Factory”, “M.Konradi”. They were mainly owned by foreigners, the persecution of which began already in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Many abandoned their factories before the revolution and left. And someone was shot, like the Greek confectioners Yani.
"Squirrel" was made for the first time at the Georges Bormann factory, which was later renamed the Samoilova factory. In the 1990s, when copyrights to images and names appeared, Krasny Oktyabr won over almost all factories of images and names, but they failed to get Belochka - Belochka went to the Krupskaya factory, just like factory named after Samoilova, Petersburg.
After the revolution, the factories were nationalized and renamed. At first, however, they were generally given only numbers, and the names appeared a little later. "A. Siu and Co" became "Bolshevik", the factory of Sergei Lenov is "Rot Front", "Einem Partnership" - "Red October", "Factory and Trade Association of A.I. Georges Borman" - factory named after Samoilova.
The nationalized factories worked according to the old recipe, moreover, it became open. Books were published in which recipes for famous sweets were written in detail, and almost every city had its own chocolate factory that could make this candy as much as it wanted. At first, almost all factories in brackets added on the wrapper former name manufacturer (for example, "the former Einem partnership"), so that buyers do not get lost. But the uniqueness was gone: it was possible to copy the name, the recipe, and the wrapper.
In the first years of the USSR, the quality and colorfulness of the packaging were noticeably lost. Things got better after the war, a lot of decent packaging began to appear, at that time Leonid Chelnokov, a student of Emmanuil Andreev, worked as the chief artist at Krasny Oktyabr. Chelnokov worked at the factory all his life, and when in the late 1990s he offered to issue copyrights, he ended up having to sue for many years, and the authorship was never defended, although he drew thousands of wrappers and boxes and even the Red October logo .
Then it was generally difficult with copyrights, Elena Gerinas, a girl from Alenka, who grew up, also sued, and also in vain: the image from the chocolate bar turned out to be “collective”. But it is important to understand that, in spite of everything, excellent chocolate was still produced in the USSR: the GOST system and high-quality cocoa beans helped this. Here are some labels popular candies and their history.
The most popular of the pre-revolutionary sweets, which successfully continued to be produced in the USSR, is the “Clumsy Bear”, produced in 1913 at the Einem factory. The wrapper of "Einem" has not changed much, only after the revolution six-pointed stars disappeared from the candy wrapper. The rest is preserved - both the recipe and the name. After the 1990s, when the name “Bear-toed Bear” was assigned to “Red October”, other factories tried to produce their own version, one of the most amazing candies “Brother from the North Came”.
"Cancer necks" were produced before the revolution, and then they were produced by different factories. This is caramel chocolate filling. Before the revolution cancer necks(that is, crayfish tails) were a delicacy, and confectioners thus tried to console and distract people from their high cost.
"Alenka" was invented in 1964, when the party turned to factories with a request to make chocolate as good as Swiss, because milk chocolate was invented in Switzerland. "Alenka" was produced by both Moscow and regional factories, everyone had the right to do so. True, the images on the wrappers varied.
"Cockerel - a golden comb" was produced by the Sioux factory. This is how wrappers look with a difference of a hundred years. 
On the eve of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space, Krasny Oktyabr was given the task of drawing candy packaging. So that in the morning, if Gagarin did land, everyone would be treated to sweets from a box with his portrait. Chelnokov, the chief artist of Krasny Oktyabr, watched TV all evening the day before, and then painted for half the night. And in the morning everyone was already treated to sweets, as it was intended.
“I got a bar of chocolate, / But I don’t need comrades. / I tell people in front of everyone: / I’ll eat it myself - come on, take it away!” This candy was very popular in tsarist times. The wrapper depicted a boy in torn pants and holding a bat, who was trying to take the chocolate from him off-screen. This boy was insanely popular, he was depicted on postcards, in advertising - everywhere. After the revolution, the boy was canceled, they said that a happy Soviet child could not look like that, and the artists were ordered to draw a girl whose chocolate was taken away by a dog. Nowadays, the candy "Come on, take it away!" disappeared from the shelves for some unknown reason.
After the nationalization, the wrappers were almost never changed for the first time. We have packages from the pre-revolutionary candy "Russian Army" and packaging from Soviet candy"Red Army" - they practically do not differ. In the 1930s already Soviet wrapper candy still met pre-revolutionary letters.
Johann Leopold Ding produced his famous chocolate eggs with a surprise inside. They say that such Easter eggs Sioux and Abrikosov did the same, but we did not find any evidence. We have 12 Ding eggs in the museum, all of them different size and sealed. The thirteenth was broken, it contained a porcelain figurine of a royal nobleman. Ding was forced to emigrate when the persecution of the Germans began.
Chocolate and sweets were often accompanied by inserts that had an educational function. For example, Einem had a series of twelve numbered candy inserts with architectural monuments called "The World's Greatest Buildings".
Many factories produced candy boxes with board games. Here is one of them - with the game "Fire of 1812". 
And the "Einem Partnership", for example, ordered Karl Feldman, the author of the romance "Coachman, don't drive horses", to write "Chocolate Waltz", "Montpensier Waltz", "Cocoa Tango" and "Cupcake Gallop", the notes of which were applied free of charge at buying a certain type of candy. These are the notes of "Chocolate Waltz".
Vladimir Lenin, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Leon Trotsky - their portraits appeared on wrappers for some time. It was supposed to release sweets with a portrait of Joseph Stalin on the cover, the packaging had already been drawn for the XVII Congress of the CPSU (b). But the matter did not go further than the plan.
There is a legend that "Little Red Riding Hood" appeared by chance. Allegedly, in 1955, Nikolai Vinogradov, the senior master of the Krasny Oktyabr chocolate shop, was assigned to as soon as possible release a large batch of "Bear-toed". For "Mishka" almonds were required, but they were not at hand in such quantities. Had to use peanuts instead of almonds. But the trial batch of sweets was accepted with enthusiasm.
Many factories in the 1990s had to rethink their names - after the large Moscow and St. Petersburg factories left behind well-known brands. So, instead of "Little Red Riding Hood" they began to release "And I'm going to my grandmother" and "Tales of Charles Perrault". And instead of "Clumsy Bear" - "Brother came from the north."
Sweets "Karakum" were invented in 1950 at the "Red October". The waffle crumb in the filling was responsible for the association with desert sand. At first, there were just sands on the wrapper, then in 1954 three cars and a rider appeared in the desert, years later they were replaced by camels.
Chocolate came to Russia under Peter the Great. It was liquid, very expensive, and at first they drank it only at Peter's assemblies. Quite quickly, palaces began to be equipped with special rooms for making chocolate, and even the position of a coffee shop was invented - a person responsible for chocolate, tea and coffee at the royal court.
Then chocolate gradually went beyond the palace, and by the end of the 18th century street hawkers were selling it. After a while, coffee houses began to open all over Russia, where people drank hot chocolate and discussed the news. In addition to postcards with the image of these old coffee houses, we have no other information yet, they are collected bit by bit. It is not yet possible to find recipes from that period, we have later recipes - the end of the 19th century, when tiles and sweets were already being produced throughout the country.
In 1914, there were 170 chocolate confectionery factories in St. Petersburg, 213 in Moscow, and more than 600 throughout Russia. The main achievement of the confectionery factories was to receive the title “Supplier to the Court of His Imperial Majesty” and the ability to draw a double-headed eagle on their products. The nomination was awarded twice a year - before Easter and around Christmas. They gave it for merit and for quality, and if it fell, then the nomination was taken away; it was not hereditary. Basically, the suppliers of the imperial court were confectioners who lived in Russia, with the exception of one Frenchman - Antoine Rümpelmeier, who invented the Mont Blanc cake and fed Russian aristocrats in Nice with chocolate, for which he received an honorary title. The most popular Moscow factories - Einem Partnership and A.I. Abrikosov Sons Factory and Trade Association - competed fiercely with each other. Abrikosov, for example, lured male shoppers into stores by hiring only brunettes in some stores and only blondes in others. Einem was not far behind. Chocolate has always been an elite product, not everyone could afford it - and not every day. If you compare the packages, you can immediately see which chocolate was made where. St. Petersburg was an intelligent city, and Moscow was a merchant city. And Moscow packaging looks much more expensive than St. Petersburg. In general, in those days, packaging often cost more than the candies themselves. The sweets were packed in pink velvet boxes with a satin bottom, in elegant plywood boxes with art deco ornaments: probably, gentlemen gave such sweets to ladies. Before the revolution, wonderful artists were engaged in confectionery graphics, it is known that Ivan Bilibin, Alexander Benois, Viktor Vasnetsov were involved in drawing wrappers. The most important pre-revolutionary factory artist is Emmanuil Andreev. It was he who drew the "Clumsy Bear" and many other famous wrappers.
Several large Moscow factories managed to survive after the revolution: Einem Partnership, A.I. , extremely popular in Soviet times. In St. Petersburg, the factory "Georges Borman" survived - a participant in seven European exhibitions. By the way, it was Bormann who was the first to come up with an open production here, placing a chocolate-making machine in the middle of the trading floor. He was also famous for being the first in St. Petersburg to install an automatic machine for drinking cocoa. But he quickly closed it, because people immediately threw 30 kopecks instead of 15 in the hope of getting two portions at the same time, they hit the machine; in general, it did not work. Many other wonderful factories have not survived: Bligken and Robinson, Dinga Steam Confectionery, Jani Steam Confectionery, M. Conradi. They were mainly owned by foreigners, the persecution of which began already in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Many abandoned their factories before the revolution and left. And someone was shot, like the Greek confectioners Yani.
After revolution factories were nationalized and renamed. At first, however, they were generally given only numbers, and the names appeared a little later. "A. Siu and Co" became "Bolshevik", the factory of Sergei Lenov is "Rot Front", "Einem Partnership" - "Red October", "Factory and Trade Association of A.I. Georges Borman" - factory named after Samoilova. The nationalized factories worked according to the old recipe, moreover, it became open. Books were published in which recipes for famous sweets were written in detail, and almost every city had its own chocolate factory that could make this candy as much as it wanted. At first, almost all factories added the former name of the manufacturer in brackets on the wrapper (for example, “the former Einem partnership”) so that buyers would not get lost. But the uniqueness was gone: it was possible to copy the name, the recipe, and the wrapper. In the first years of the USSR, the quality and colorfulness of the packaging were noticeably lost. Things got better after the war, a lot of decent packaging began to appear, at that time Leonid Chelnokov, a student of Emmanuil Andreev, worked as the chief artist at Krasny Oktyabr. Chelnokov worked at the factory all his life, and when in the late 1990s he offered to issue copyrights, he ended up having to sue for many years, and the authorship was never defended, although he drew thousands of wrappers and boxes and even the Red October logo . Then it was generally difficult with copyrights, Elena Gerinas, a girl from Alenka, who grew up, also sued, and also in vain: the image from the chocolate bar turned out to be “collective”. But it is important to understand that, in spite of everything, excellent chocolate was still produced in the USSR: the GOST system and high-quality cocoa beans helped this. And here are the labels of some popular candies and their history.
"Squirrel" was made for the first time at the Georges Bormann factory, which was later renamed the Samoilova factory. In the 1990s, when copyrights to images and names appeared, Krasny Oktyabr won over almost all factories of images and names, but they failed to get Belochka - Belochka went to the Krupskaya factory, just like factory named after Samoilova, Petersburg.
The most popular of the pre-revolutionary sweets, which successfully continued to be produced in the USSR, is the “Clumsy Bear”, produced in 1913 at the Einem factory. The wrapper of "Einem" has not changed much, only after the revolution six-pointed stars disappeared from the candy wrapper. The rest is preserved - both the recipe and the name. After the 1990s, when the name “Bear-toed Bear” was assigned to “Red October”, other factories tried to produce their own version, one of the most amazing candies “Brother from the North Came”.
"Cancer necks" were produced before the revolution, and then they were produced by different factories. It's caramel with chocolate filling. Before the revolution, crayfish necks (that is, crayfish tails) were a delicacy, and confectioners thus tried to console and distract people from their high cost.
"Alenka" was invented in 1964, when the party turned to the factories with a request to make chocolate as good as Swiss, because milk chocolate was invented in Switzerland. "Alenka" was produced by both Moscow and regional factories, everyone had the right to do so. True, the images on the wrappers varied.
On the eve of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space, Krasny Oktyabr was given the task of drawing candy packaging. So that in the morning, if Gagarin did land, everyone would be treated to sweets from a box with his portrait. Chelnokov, the chief artist of Krasny Oktyabr, watched TV all evening the day before, and then painted for half the night. And in the morning everyone was already treated to sweets, as it was intended.
After the nationalization, the wrappers were almost never changed for the first time. We have packages from the pre-revolutionary candy "Russian Army" and packaging from the Soviet candy "Red Army" - they practically do not differ. In the 1930s, pre-revolutionary letters were still found on the already Soviet candy wrapper.
Johann Leopold Ding produced his famous chocolate eggs with a surprise inside. They say that Sioux and Abrikosov also made such Easter eggs, but we did not find any evidence. We have 12 Ding eggs in the museum, they are all different sizes and sealed. The thirteenth was broken, it contained a porcelain figurine of a royal nobleman. Ding was forced to emigrate when the persecution of the Germans began.
A Brief History of Soviet CandyDo you remember the sweets "Little Red Riding Hood", "Mishka in the North", "Alenka", "Kara-Kum"? Who came up with these names and bright candy wrappers?
Using Russian chocolate wrappers, it is easy to study the tastes of citizens and the history of the country: Peter the Great, gnomes, Easter bunnies, Lenin, chubby girls and Gagarin, who is unrecognizable.
The Moscow Museum of the History of Russian Chocolate has thousands of such wrappers, as well as pink velvet bonbonnieres, notes of a chocolate waltz, books with pre-revolutionary recipes and fine porcelain.
We went to the museum to understand the history of Russian chocolate, but it turned out to be temporarily closed, and we had to meet with one of its founders, Maria Golovkina, in the field - at the Zlata Rozman factory, where Maria, in her free time from lectures and museum excursions time prepares chocolate according to Belgian technology, but in compliance with strict Soviet GOSTs.
What follows is her story.
Chocolate came to Russia under Peter the Great. It was liquid, very expensive, and at first they drank it only at Peter's assemblies. Quite quickly, palaces began to be equipped with special rooms for making chocolate, and even the position of a coffee shop was invented - a person responsible for chocolate, tea and coffee at the royal court.
Then chocolate gradually went beyond the palace, and by the end of the 18th century street hawkers were selling it. After a while, coffee houses began to open all over Russia, where people drank hot chocolate and discussed the news. In addition to postcards with the image of these old coffee houses, we have no other information yet, they are collected bit by bit. It is not yet possible to find recipes from that period, we have later recipes - the end of the 19th century, when tiles and sweets were already being produced all over the country.
In 1914, there were 170 chocolate confectionery factories in St. Petersburg, 213 in Moscow, and more than 600 throughout Russia. The main achievement of the confectionery factories was to receive the title “Supplier to the Court of His Imperial Majesty” and the ability to draw a double-headed eagle on their products.
The nomination was awarded twice a year - before Easter and around Christmas. They gave it for merit and for quality, and if it fell, then the nomination was taken away; it was not hereditary. Basically, the suppliers of the imperial court were confectioners who lived in Russia, with the exception of one Frenchman - Antoine Rümpelmeier, who invented the Mont Blanc cake and fed Russian aristocrats in Nice with chocolate, for which he received an honorary title. The most popular Moscow factories - Einem Partnership and A.I. Abrikosov Sons Factory and Trade Association - competed fiercely with each other. Abrikosov, for example, lured male shoppers into stores by hiring only brunettes in some stores and only blondes in others. Einem was not far behind.
Chocolate has always been an elite product, not everyone could afford it - and not every day. If you compare the packages, you can immediately see which chocolate was made where. St. Petersburg was an intelligent city, and Moscow was a merchant city. And Moscow packaging looks much more expensive than St. Petersburg. In general, in those days, packaging often cost more than the candies themselves.
The sweets were packed in pink velvet boxes with a satin bottom, in elegant plywood boxes with art deco ornaments: probably, gentlemen gave such sweets to ladies. Before the revolution, wonderful artists were engaged in confectionery graphics, it is known that Ivan Bilibin, Alexander Benois, Viktor Vasnetsov were involved in drawing wrappers. The most important pre-revolutionary factory artist is Emmanuil Andreev. It was he who drew the "Clumsy Bear" and many other famous wrappers.
Several large Moscow factories managed to survive after the revolution: Einem Partnership, A.I. , extremely popular in Soviet times. In St. Petersburg, the Georges Bormann factory survived - a participant in seven European exhibitions. By the way, it was Bormann who was the first to come up with an open production here, placing a chocolate-making machine in the middle of the trading floor. He was also famous for being the first in St. Petersburg to install an automatic machine for drinking cocoa. But he quickly closed it, because people immediately threw 30 kopecks instead of 15 in the hope of getting two portions at the same time, they hit the machine; in general, it did not work.
Many other wonderful factories have not survived: Bligken and Robinson, Dinga Steam Confectionery, Jani Steam Confectionery, M. Conradi. They were mainly owned by foreigners, the persecution of which began already in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Many abandoned their factories before the revolution and left. And someone was shot, like the Greek confectioners Yani.
"Squirrel" was made for the first time at the Georges Bormann factory, which was later renamed the Samoilova factory. In the 1990s, when copyrights to images and names appeared, Krasny Oktyabr won over almost all factories of images and names, but they failed to get Belochka - Belochka went to the Krupskaya factory, just like factory named after Samoilova, Petersburg.
After the revolution, the factories were nationalized and renamed. At first, however, they were generally given only numbers, and the names appeared a little later. "A. Siu and Co" became "Bolshevik", the factory of Sergei Lenov is "Rot Front", "Einem Partnership" - "Red October", "Factory and Trade Association of A. I. Abrikosov Sons" - the factory named after Babaev, " Georges Borman" - factory named after Samoilova.
The nationalized factories worked according to the old recipe, moreover, it became open. Books were published in which recipes for famous sweets were written in detail, and almost every city had its own chocolate factory that could make this candy as much as it wanted. At first, almost all factories added the former name of the manufacturer in brackets on the wrapper (for example, “the former Einem partnership”) so that buyers would not get lost. But the uniqueness was gone: it was possible to copy the name, the recipe, and the wrapper.
In the first years of the USSR, the quality and colorfulness of the packaging were noticeably lost. Things got better after the war, a lot of decent packaging began to appear, at that time Leonid Chelnokov, a student of Emmanuil Andreev, worked as the chief artist at Krasny Oktyabr. Chelnokov worked at the factory all his life, and when in the late 1990s he offered to issue copyrights, he ended up having to sue for many years, and the authorship was never defended, although he drew thousands of wrappers and boxes and even the Red October logo .
At that time, it was generally difficult with copyrights, Elena Gerinas, a girl from Alenka, who grew up, also sued, and also in vain: the image from the chocolate bar turned out to be “collective”. But it is important to understand that, in spite of everything, excellent chocolate was still produced in the USSR: the GOST system and high-quality cocoa beans helped this. And here are the labels of some popular candies and their history.
The most popular of the pre-revolutionary sweets, which successfully continued to be produced in the USSR, is the "Clumsy Bear", produced in 1913 at the Einem factory. The wrapper of "Einem" has not changed much, only after the revolution six-pointed stars disappeared from the candy wrapper. The rest is preserved - both the recipe and the name. After the 1990s, when the name “Bear-toed Bear” was assigned to “Red October”, other factories tried to produce their own version, one of the most amazing candies “Brother from the North Came”.
"Cancer necks" were produced before the revolution, and then they were produced by different factories. It's caramel with chocolate filling. Before the revolution, crayfish necks (that is, crayfish tails) were a delicacy, and confectioners thus tried to console and distract people from their high cost.
"Alenka" was invented in 1964, when the party turned to the factories with a request to make chocolate as good as Swiss, because milk chocolate was invented in Switzerland. "Alenka" was produced by both Moscow and regional factories, everyone had the right to do so. True, the images on the wrappers varied.
"Cockerel - golden comb" was produced by the Sioux factory. This is how wrappers look with a difference of a hundred years. On the eve of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space, Krasny Oktyabr was given the task of drawing candy packaging. So that in the morning, if Gagarin did land, everyone would be treated to sweets from a box with his portrait. Chelnokov, the chief artist of Krasny Oktyabr, watched TV all evening the day before, and then painted for half the night. And in the morning everyone was already treated to sweets, as it was intended.
After the nationalization, the wrappers were almost never changed for the first time. We have packages from the pre-revolutionary candy "Russian Army" and packaging from the Soviet candy "Red Army" - they practically do not differ. In the 1930s, pre-revolutionary letters were still found on the already Soviet candy wrapper.
Johann Leopold Ding produced his famous chocolate eggs with a surprise inside. They say that Sioux and Abrikosov also made such Easter eggs, but we did not find any evidence. We have 12 Ding eggs in the museum, they are all different sizes and sealed. The thirteenth was broken, it contained a porcelain figurine of a royal nobleman. Ding was forced to emigrate when the persecution of the Germans began.
Chocolate and sweets were often accompanied by inserts that had an educational function. For example, Einem had a series of twelve numbered candy inserts with architectural monuments called "The World's Greatest Buildings".
Many factories produced candy boxes with board games. Here is one of them - with the game "Fire of 1812". And the "Einem Partnership", for example, ordered Karl Feldman, the author of the romance "Coachman, don't drive horses", to write "Chocolate Waltz", "Montpensier Waltz", "Cocoa Tango" and "Cupcake Gallop", the notes of which were applied free of charge at buying a certain type of candy. These are the notes of "Chocolate Waltz".
Vladimir Lenin, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Leon Trotsky - their portraits appeared on wrappers for some time. It was supposed to release sweets with a portrait of Joseph Stalin on the cover, the packaging had already been drawn for the XVII Congress of the CPSU (b). But the matter did not go further than the plan.
There is a legend that "Little Red Riding Hood" appeared by chance. Allegedly, in 1955, Nikolai Vinogradov, the senior master of the Krasny Oktyabr chocolate shop, was instructed to produce a large batch of Clubfoot Bears as soon as possible. For "Mishka" almonds were required, but they were not at hand in such quantities. Had to use peanuts instead of almonds. But the trial batch of sweets was accepted with enthusiasm.
Many factories had to rethink their names in the 1990s, after the big Moscow and St. Petersburg factories left behind well-known brands. So, instead of "Little Red Riding Hood" they began to release "And I'm going to my grandmother" and "Tales of Charles Perrault". And instead of "Clumsy Bear" - "Brother came from the north."
Sweets "Kara-Kum" were invented in 1950 at the "Red October". The waffle crumb in the filling was responsible for the association with desert sand. At first, there were just sands on the wrapper, then in 1954 three cars and a rider appeared in the desert, years later they were replaced by camels.
Loading...
