Japanese food traditions. Eating habits of people from different countries

Scientists have long noted that different peoples and nations differ from each other not only in external features, language, culture and way of life, but also have obvious differences in health, i.e. they have certain diseases.

Nutrition plays an important role in this factor.

It is no secret and no news that cardiovascular diseases threaten residents of coastal countries to a lesser extent, the highlanders of the Caucasus are distinguished by enviable longevity, and southerners may not know what beriberi is, etc. for a lifetime. According to the authoritative opinion of scientists, such features are caused by a peculiar diet.

What are the eating habits of different nations?

Great Britain. The basis of English cuisine is meat, cereals, fish, vegetables. For the first, popular broths and mashed soups are most often prepared. The British give preference in meat to beef, veal, lean pork. Meat is supposed to be served with a variety of sauces (tomato most often), and as a side dish - vegetables, potatoes. A significant place in the English menu is occupied by various puddings. From cereals in particular preference is porridge, the famous "oatmeal". Popular drinks are tea with milk, beer.

Germany. The difference between German cuisine in a variety of vegetable dishes. String beans, carrots, cauliflower, legumes, boiled potatoes and red cabbage are especially popular. The Germans love pork, beef, poultry and fish, they eat a lot of sausages, sausages, eggs. Fruit salads are preferred for dessert. It is believed that beer is the national German drink, and from non-alcoholic drinks, they prefer coffee with milk.

Spain. The original Spanish cuisine is based on simple food - tomatoes, garlic, sweet peppers, herbs, onions. At first, the Spaniards like cream soups, garlic soup is especially popular. Along with veal, young lamb, beef and pork, the Spaniards eat poultry dishes with special pleasure. For dessert, Spanish cuisine offers pies with almond cream. As for drinks, natural low-alcohol wine is especially preferred by the inhabitants of this southern country.

Italy. Spaghetti is the national dish of Italians, a kind of visiting card of Italy. This dish is served with various sauces, butter or grated cheese. The average Italian diet consists not only of well-known vegetables - tomato, zucchini, eggplant, artichokes, but also not so well-known - chicory, dandelion leaves, lettuce. The first dishes, according to tradition, are clear mashed soups or with the addition of pasta. In Italy, cheeses are very loved, which are served with soups, added to vegetable dishes and pizza. Rice is also widely used in Italian cuisine, and grape wine is considered the national drink of Italians.

China. The cuisine of this country is extremely diverse and rich. Its components are a variety of products: fish, cereals, meat, poultry, vegetables, seaweed, young bamboo shoots. But the palm in Chinese cuisine has long been assigned to rice. Many Chinese dishes are prepared from soybeans: butter, cottage cheese, milk, etc. Very popular flour products are tortillas, noodles, dumplings, vermicelli, sugar cookies. The Chinese are very fond of vegetables: cabbage of all varieties, potatoes, sweet potatoes, garlic, radishes, onions, tomatoes. Virtuoso Chinese chefs can cook unusually delicious food from vegetables. Of the meat, pork is the most preferred, as well as chicken and duck meat. They also eat the eggs of these birds. Extremely loved seafood and fish. Tea is, of course, the most common drink in the country, and of all kinds.

Russia . According to tradition, Russian people like sour dishes : sauerkraut (sour) cabbage, cranberry kvass, rye bread, etc. The diet of a Russian person includes many first courses: soups (mushroom, fish), cabbage soup, borscht, okroshka, saltwort. The choice of cereals is generally extremely rich. Russian cuisine is distinguished by offal dishes (jelly, liver, kidneys, tongue). Fish used to be much more common, now fish food is becoming rarer. Spices, most often present on the table: parsley, garlic, dill, mustard, celery, cilantro, horseradish, onion. For dessert, as a sweet - thick jelly, a traditional Russian dish. Drinks - liquid kissels, fruit drinks, kvass, teas, once brought from China and very fond of the Russian people. Russian cuisine is famous for flour dishes: pancakes, pies with various fillings. Naturally, there is no obvious commitment to traditional nutrition on the table of a modern Russian, because many new products and new dishes have appeared, borrowed from the cuisines of different countries. The average data suggests that the diet of a Russian person is deficient in vitamins, as well as many macro- and microelements, and has plenty (and sometimes an excess) of sugar, fats and carbohydrates.

USA. The favorite dishes of Americans include salads from vegetables, fruits, fruit desserts, poultry and meat with a side dish of vegetables. For the first time, Americans eat mashed soups, broths. The most preferred meat is turkey, chicken, beef, pork. By the way, the cuisine is not spicy - almost all dishes are not spicy and lightly salted. For side dishes use beans, potatoes, beans, corn, peas. Americans do not particularly like pasta and cereals. In the United States, fast food restaurants are common, where you can always eat a hamburger, cheeseburger, hot dog and similar "fast" food. Americans drink ginger beer, tea with lemon and ice, a lot of black coffee, which, however, is not very strong.

Scandinavian countries. The Scandinavian countries are Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark. The basis of their cuisine is seafood. Many dishes are prepared on the basis of fish - from soups to salads. Of course, second courses from seafood are just as varied, and in the Scandinavian countries they are very fond of sandwiches, in the vast majority, all from the same seafood, and some are prepared in several rows, consisting of a variety of products. Scandinavians love meat and eat a lot of it, including pork, veal, and beef. Another feature of Scandinavian cuisine is the widespread use of milk and milk products. Also for these countries, cereals and potatoes are traditional. Of the drinks, the Scandinavian people prefer coffee.

France. A characteristic feature of French cuisine is an abundance of vegetables, especially root crops. All types of meat, many varieties of fish, as well as seafood are widely applicable: lobsters, shrimps, oysters, scallops. Of the drinks, mineral waters, coffee and fruit juices are especially preferred.

Japan. The basis of Japanese cuisine is vegetable products, rice, seafood, fish and vegetables. Although meat is used, it is not the basis of nutrition. The Japanese favorite food is rice. Of great importance are dishes from soy and beans. Most of the national Japanese food involves its use with hot spices, which are prepared from greens, radish, radish. Pickled and pickled vegetables are also popular.

From the description, although brief, the conclusion can still be drawn that not all peoples eat correctly and balanced, according to established traditions. Even such a cursory review of the culinary traditions of various countries may indicate health and lifestyle of their inhabitants. For example, judging by nutrition, the inhabitants of the Mediterranean and Japan are much less at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than, say, the inhabitants of Germany, Russia or the United States, since the Japanese eat a lot of soy, rice, fish and various seafood, and the Mediterranean inhabitants consume enough fruits, seafood, vegetables and dry wine.

It probably makes sense to take a closer look at such a diet, using their experience of traditional nutrition. But this, of course, is not the only factor on which health nationalities in general and each person individually, a lot depends on how properly organized and rational nutrition is.

Thank you for your attention to our Portal!

It is no secret that every nation has its own traditions and customs. There are no two identical cultures in the world. In addition to real facts, there are also erroneous stereotypes about a particular country, which are sometimes quite funny or even absurd. Since English is our everything, let's learn more about the culture, traditions and myths of England.

The English are a unique people, with a historically developed character. English traditions and customs are known all over the world. The British do not expose their emotions to the first comer. They can give the impression of a reserved and even slightly repulsive person. However, this is just a wrapper. The British are very polite, which is why they are in no hurry to express their emotions right away.

Often, even if they disagree with you, they will politely say "Oh, I"m afraid it"s impossible". An Englishman will never say a sharp "No, you" re wrong ". In any case, they try to observe courtesy and common sense. You must always think logically if you are dealing with a person from this country. For example, if he knows that you are not be 100% honest with him in business, he will not immediately throw out negative things at you.In this case, the Englishman with a polite smile can break off partnership with you.The British always keep themselves in hand and behave with dignity.English traditions are an ideal upbringing and manners.

The English are very disciplined and always follow the accepted rules. They are very positive people. Family is a cultural value in the UK, they love to spend time at home with their family. An evening with the family is the best entertainment for an Englishman. There are always plenty of family photos in a traditional English home.

Gardening in British culture

This is an integral part of the life of a true Briton. They put a lot of soul and energy into their favorite hobby, which is why the territories near their houses are always well-groomed and pleasing to the eye. The British give special care not only to the garden, but also to pets. The British are proud of how they take care of our smaller brothers and do not hesitate to pamper them with fashionable clothes or a haircut.

English country house

The British are especially fond of weekends, which they prefer to spend in a cozy country house by the fireplace. UK traditions for the weekend - fresh air, barbecue, what else do you need for happiness? A picnic is what we traditionally associate with the British. They prepare for a picnic with trepidation, packing everything in a practical and beautiful way. Picnics are most often arranged simply in city parks, not far from home. Students from the renowned universities of Cambridge and Oxford also enjoy having a picnic during breaks between classes.

Saturday English

This day of the Englishman looks the same as the Saturday of the average representative of any country. Household chores, a gym, a meeting with your family are must-haves for the British. However, the British are not as boring as they might seem at first glance. In the evenings they are avid party-goers. Parties, dancing, theater and cinema are the favorite pastimes of young people in England.

Food Traditions in England

As for food, the traditions of England, like representatives of any other countries, have their own habits, signature dishes and features. The main meal of the English is breakfast. Often, this is bacon, scrambled eggs, toast and a cup of tea or coffee. The British are not fans of variety in food, so they can easily eat the same thing for breakfast every day. Tea is something that really stands out in the British food culture. English traditions involve a lot of tea. By the way, it is believed that the British invented tea with milk to change the taste characteristics of tea. In part, this is true, but mainly milk was added to tea so that the drink cooled and the porcelain did not crack. 5 o "clock tea is a world-famous expression that came to us from England. Usually, they drink it between 16:00 and 18:00 with small sandwiches with a bite. Tea for a Briton is not just a drink, it's a whole ritual. The culture of England is not imagined without tea.Perhaps, in terms of tea drinking, the British even had to compete with the Chinese.

Lunch is a daily meal. Most often, vegetables and something meat or fish are served for lunch. A traditional British dessert that is recognized by the British culture is apple pie or milk pudding, which is served hot. When the family gathers at the Sunday table, signature dishes are used: lamb tenderloin, vegetables, pudding.

Dinner is called "supper". In terms of its components, it is very similar to lunch. Light snacks, nothing too heavy or harmful. "Fish and chips" is a traditional delicacy that can often be bought during football matches.

There are many false and true stereotypes about the British.

True stereotypes about the British

• Unbridled love for tea.
• They like to talk about the weather, they are ready to fill any awkward pause in the dialogue with a conversation about the weather..
• The British have pale skin. This is also justified by the climatic conditions of the country.
• Politeness for an Englishman — first of all.
• The British are not fans of culinary delicacies, they prefer simple food.

False stereotypes about the British

• Every Englishman has a cozy house for the whole family. This is a myth, because many of them rent apartments, share them with neighbors, move from place to place.
• In the UK, red telephone boxes are everywhere and men in bowlers walk the streets. This is also a myth. Of course, these are symbols of Great Britain, but there are not so many booths, and men in bowlers most often go out into the streets on holidays.
• All the British are very smart, because they have Cambridge and Oxford. No no and one more time no. Unfortunately, not all English people devote themselves to science, and not all of them study at Cambridge or Oxford.

Conclusion

After reviewing all the stereotypes, the good phrase “Don’t judge a book by it’s cover” comes to mind. No need to judge people by the cover, all nations are unique, and all people are unique. The culture of the British is also significantly different from other countries. The customs and traditions of the English are unique and inimitable. There are always exceptions to the rules, stereotypes.

Learn more about the culture of other countries, adopt their interesting traditions and develop, we hope the traditional customs of Great Britain will inspire you to conquer new heights. Have a great day!

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

There are many peoples and cultures in the world, but you definitely won’t confuse the English with anyone! Although they are considered to be cold-blooded, reserved and prim, in fact, they are friendly, accommodating and very fond of sports. An interesting combination, isn't it? So let's learn more about the customs and traditions of the English, because when studying English, it is important to understand how these people live and breathe.

The British - who are they, what are they?

The British are naturally polite and never get tired of saying “Please” and “Thank you”. They are disciplined and will not talk loudly in the street. They don't push around to get a seat on the bus or train and queue up at the bus stop. The British do not shake hands when meeting. They try not to show emotions in public even in tragic circumstances. They do not lose their temper and remain optimistic in difficult situations.

The British are a nation of homebodies. They say: “My house is my fortress” and do not like neighbors to interfere in their lives. The British prefer small single-family houses. The fireplace is the heart of the English home. While residents of other countries go to cafes or cocktail bars in the evenings, the British prefer to gather in the living room and sit by the fire, discussing the events of the past day. In many houses, you can still find fireplaces today, sometimes with columns on the sides and an upper shelf where there is a clock, a mirror or family photos.

The British love gardening and love to talk about it. They can discuss how to grow cucumbers or talk about their unique flower garden, so different from the rest. Sometimes the British grow plants in a box outside the kitchen window or in the back garden. They are very fond of flowers.

Also, the British are very fond of animals. There are about five million dogs in the entire population, about the same number of cats, three million parrots, other birds and aquarium fish - as well as a million exotic animals, such as reptiles. In Britain, there are special shops that sell food, clothing and other items for dogs. There are dog groomers, gyms and cemeteries. In Britain, on behalf of animals, Christmas cards and birthday greetings are sent. Owners can buy expensive collars, woolen coats, lace dresses, pajamas, and so on for animals. There are special hotels for pets at airports. The British believe that they are the only nation that cares so much about animals.

On weekends, those who live in large cities like to go out into nature. Every Englishman loves to spend time in a country house with a garden and rose bushes by the porch - in the fresh air, away from the hustle and bustle, in peace and quiet.

Those who stay at home try to do all the things that they did not have time to do in a week. Someone goes shopping on Saturday morning, someone does the housework - laundry and cleaning. Someone attends sporting events or goes in for sports themselves.

Saturday night is a good time for parties, dancing, going to the cinema or theater.

On Sunday after breakfast, the English work in the garden, walk the dog, visit the pub. On Sundays, it is customary to invite friends and relatives for tea.

British food traditions

There are also some traditions regarding food. English cuisine is solid, simple and nutritious. The British prefer a hearty breakfast. It may consist of oatmeal, bacon and eggs, fried fish, toast with jam, tea or coffee. They prefer cold toast. As a rule, breakfast is the same from day to day.

Tea is an integral part of British life, like potatoes or bread. There is even a saying: "Seven cups of tea will help you wake up, nine cups will help you fall asleep."

The daily meal is called lunch. On weekdays, meat stew, fried fish, chops, liver, sausages, and vegetables can be served. Rice and pasta are rarely eaten by the British. Dessert is apple pie or hot milk pudding. Sunday lunch is a special occasion. It is served with beef or lamb tenderloin with vegetables, and then a large pudding with custard. From 4 to 6 pm - tea time, which is called "5 o" clock. At this time, they drink tea with cakes or small sandwiches. In a sense, this is a whole ritual. For the sake of tea drinking, all other affairs are postponed.

The word "Etiquette" is known in every country. But everywhere there are customs and features that have been formed over many centuries. And in each country they have acquired their own characteristic nuances inherent in culture, communication traditions and many other outlines.

Remember! The main rule in another country is to behave there like a guest, respect the hosts, be polite and delicate at the reception, as well as adequately represent your homeland.

England

A country that surprises with strict observance of traditions and rules. And it’s not for nothing that the concept of “Real Gentleman” was born here.

The rules of conduct at the table are very important for the British, so they must be carefully studied before going to visit.

It is not customary to address the neighbors at the table until you are introduced to each other.

It is impolite to whisper at the table, the conversation should be common for everyone. Also, you can’t put your hands on the table, it’s customary to keep them on your knees.
Knives and forks are not removed from the plate, as there are no special stands for them.

Do not transfer dining utensils from hand to hand. The English don't like it. Remember, fork in the left, knife in the right hand. And the ends of the devices are directed to the plate.

Mandatory observance of the dress code. At dinner, this is a tuxedo, and at an official reception, a tailcoat.

An invitation to a cup of tea in England is not accepted, the hosts may take this as a personal insult. After tea drinking, they are sent a small note with pleasant words of gratitude.

Germany

Punctuality, discipline, pedantry and frugality - these qualities characterize the Germans well. They clearly follow the instructions and rules, as well as the rules of etiquette at the table.

When talking, it is customary to call the title of a person.

If the reception takes place, for example, in a restaurant, then everyone present, even strangers, should be wished a bon appetit.

It is customary to keep your hands above the table, even if you do not eat.

Cutlery crossed on a plate indicates that the meal is not yet finished. And the knife and fork to the right of the plate signal that the dishes can be removed.

In Germany, it is not customary to start eating or drinking until everyone has received their meals.

A waiter in a restaurant is required to leave a tip, most often 10% of the total bill.

Since the Germans distinguish between business and family life, having received an invitation to visit means that you have entered the circle of trust.

Being late for a visit is indecent. For the Germans, respect for their time and daily routine is very important.

It is indecent to come to visit empty-handed. You can bring sweets or flowers. But when choosing alcohol, you need to be careful. The bottle of wine can be seen as a nod to the owner's small wine cellar.

All meals are held strictly according to the scheduled hours. Depending on what time you are invited, this will be a treat. Brought gifts, as a rule, are opened immediately.

The oldest person sits at the table first. And the owner of the house begins the meal.

France

The French are famous for their refined manners, elegance and sophistication. The same applies to the rules of etiquette. To receive an invitation to visit from a Frenchman is a manifestation of great respect and respect. They invite only close people to their house.

One of the most important rules is the ban on discussing money matters. This is considered rude. It is customary to talk about abstract topics.

Also, it is not customary to be late for lunch, you can stay for a maximum of 15 minutes.

They themselves are engaged in seating the guests, as a rule, the ladies are seated between two men. And they, according to etiquette, look after her all evening.

By the way, street shoes are not removed. Caring for the cleanliness of the floors, the problem of the hostess of the house.

In France, it is customary to keep your hands above the table. In their understanding, a person who hides his hands is hiding something.

Before a meal, the French offer a glass of champagne or wine as an aperitif.

French cuisine is the subject of their national pride, so they take any praise of dishes with a bang.

In France, it is customary to finish the meal completely. But if you want to salt or season food, this can be perceived as an insult.

There are a lot of cutlery on the table, and since the dishes are served in turn, the meal should be started by taking distant cutlery from the plate. Nearby remain for subsequent dishes.

It is the same with wine glasses, a certain alcoholic drink is served for each dish.

Interesting! Bread in France must be torn into small pieces and eaten, in no case bite into a large slice.

Cheese is served after the main course. According to the rules of French etiquette, it must be put on a plate, and only then on toast.

Dessert in France is served without tea and coffee.

At the very end of the meal, strong alcoholic drinks are offered, which indicates that it is time and honor to know and go home.

Japan

When meeting Japanese, it is customary to exchange business cards. Having studied the business card, the Japanese will determine your status in relation to his own and choose a course of action.

At the entrance to the house, it is customary to take off your shoes, and instead of shaking hands, bow low. It is impossible to be late for an appointment with the Japanese, this is extreme disrespect.

Before the start of the meal, a hot, damp oshibori towel is served. They wipe their hands and face.
Before you start eating, you must definitely say “Itadakimas”, this word means “bon appetit”.

Important! In Japan, you cannot sit cross-legged, which means that you are not interested in the thoughts and conversations of the interlocutor.

Passing food with chopsticks is not allowed, as well as sticking them vertically into food, these gestures are reminiscent of a funeral procession in Japan.

Chopsticks must be handled with care, do not wave them, do not point them at people. For the Japanese, how you handle chopsticks is an indicator of culture.

Surprisingly, loud champing in Japan is by no means a sign of bad manners, as they express their admiration and respect for the cook. Therefore, do not be surprised when you hear a sonorous champing, the louder it is, the better the dish.

By the way, the soup can be drunk directly from the plate without using a tablespoon.

Be careful with alcoholic drinks, empty glasses are filled immediately, so it’s better not to drink to the bottom.

At the end of the meal, you need to thank the owners of the house or the chef of the restaurant. Silently leaving the table is considered a rule of bad taste.

It is not customary to tip waiters in Japan.

And finally

Etiquette in Greece allows the host of the feast to stain the tablecloth so that the guests can feel cheerful and at ease.

In Eastern countries, you can not eat with your left hand, it is considered unclean. Dinner usually takes place on lush pillows on the floor, dishes are displayed right in front of the guests. If cutlery is not served, then the food must be eaten with your hands. And also you can not cross your legs, showing the soles of your shoes, it is considered offensive.

In Portugal, you can't ask for a salt shaker. Their chefs believe that they cook perfectly, there is no need to add salt or pepper anymore. Such a desire of the client will offend them very much.

In Ethiopia, they eat from the same plate. And food from a plate to another is shifted with the help of hands. To soil cutlery for this purpose is considered wasteful.

In the United States, when asked to serve salt, you need to give pepper to the person along with it, although he did not ask for it.

In Switzerland, they don't clink glasses at the table. They simply raise their glasses up without connecting them to each other.

Lunch in Spain does not require punctuality. In addition, the guests will not wait until the hostess puts the dish on the plates, they themselves will take the desired piece. And if you don't like the food, they will say so directly.

Lunch in Italy can last up to 5 hours. Italians are very fond of long gatherings. And they usually eat the famous spaghetti with a fork, grated cheese must be served separately.

In China, the most famous ceremony is tea drinking. It is held in a separate room, everyone sits around a small table and drinks tea from special cups. Tea is brewed according to old recipes. During the ceremony, small talk is held.

In Georgia, it is not customary to drink wine slowly, only in one gulp and to the bottom.

In Thailand, the fork is used as an auxiliary element. It is only used to put food on a spoon.

1. Germans and Austrians- they love all types of meat: pork, beef, poultry, venison, but especially pork and eat almost all parts of the carcass (icebein - pork legs). Dishes from minced meat and lactic acid products, broths, mashed soups, salads are widely used. They are very fond of sausages, sausages, sausages, and are used to prepare cold appetizers for second courses and in first hot dishes. Vegetables are consumed in large quantities, especially potatoes and cabbage (mainly stewed). From the first courses, various broths are widespread: with eggs, dumplings, rice. Fish is served most often in boiled and stewed form. A very wide range of egg dishes. Traditional New Year and Christmas dishes are roast goose, carp. They are not indifferent to all sorts of sweets. Fruit salads, compotes, kissels, jelly, mousses are very popular. The pride of every resident of Vienna is an apple pie. A feature of German and Austrian cuisine is the serving of first courses in small portions. Side dishes for many dishes are served separately from the main products. Food should not be spicy. The national German drink is beer and schnapps (vodka). Tea is consumed to a limited extent, but they like coffee with milk. It is not advisable to offer lamb dishes and spicy food.

2. Hungarian cuisine- a diverse range of products: meat, dairy, vegetables and fruits. Dishes are prepared with lard. Butter is used very rarely (only for dietary nutrition), and vegetable oil is even less common. Hungarians love spicy food, widely use sour cream, onion, pepper (especially paprika). They eat beef, lean pork, offal, freshwater fish. They love pasta dishes. Pies with berries and cottage cheese sprinkled with powdered sugar. Hungarians drink a lot of fluids. They eat very little minced meat dishes. Limited consumption of lamb dishes. A special diet should be taken into account: light breakfasts, lunches and a hearty dinner. After dinner, black coffee is required, to which soda water is served. They love mineral and fruit water. They only eat white bread. It is inappropriate to offer: lamb dishes, meatballs, sea fish, seafood, salmon (red) caviar, herring, sprat, salmon, buckwheat porridge, kissels, rye bread.

3. Bulgarians from meat products, lamb is preferred, beef, poultry, and, to a lesser extent, pork are also used. Eat a lot of fresh, pickled vegetables and fruits. Meat and vegetables are stewed with hot spices - vinegar, garlic, pepper, mint, etc. They use mainly vegetable oil, less often butter and very rarely pork fat. An important place in the Bulgarian cuisine is occupied by milk and dairy products, as well as eggs and cheese. The national dish of the Bulgarians is brynza with white bread and green capsicum. A wide range of dough, they eat only white bread. They drink black or oriental coffee. It is inappropriate to offer: milk soups, okroshka, borscht, cereal dishes (except rice), cutlet mass dishes, rye bread, old potatoes (from June to the new harvest).

4. Polish cuisine in many ways resembles Russian and Ukrainian cuisine. Cold and hot appetizers occupy a large place in Polish cuisine. The assortment of first courses is very rich: various broths, cereal soups, lemon soups, with the addition of fresh cucumbers, beer, pickles from fresh cucumbers, borscht, etc. instead of bread, it is customary to serve potatoes or dumplings, pies, cereals for the first courses. Favorite second courses are chops and zrazy. Many dishes are prepared from minced meat, offal. A wide range of pies, kulebyaki, pancakes, pancakes, cakes and cakes are offered. Milk, sour cream and cereals (buckwheat, barley, corn) are used in large quantities. It is inappropriate to offer lamb dishes, dishes with sauces, rye bread and old potatoes.

5. Romanians they like dishes from vegetables, corn, dairy products, fish, natural meat (mainly beef, pork, poultry), cooked on a spit. From vegetables they prefer green beans, beets, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, carrots, potatoes. Vegetables are used to prepare independent vegetable dishes, salads, side dishes. A wide range of dishes are prepared from corn: cereals, salads. Corn is combined with various vegetables and fish and meat products. Hominy is prepared from cornmeal - a thickly brewed porridge, which sometimes replaces bread. From dairy products, cottage cheese, feta cheese and various types of cheeses are used. Milk is preferred warm. From the first courses, broths with rice, semolina, dumplings, noodle soup, borscht, and vegetable soups are common. Romanian tourists or passengers can be offered any dish of European cuisine. It is necessary to offer cold mineral water. Black coffee is served after dinner. It is inappropriate to offer dishes from lamb, minced meat, rye bread, jelly.

6. Czech and Slovak cuisine rich in dishes from pork and products of its processing (ham, sausages, sausages), from chickens and vegetables (potatoes, cabbage), from veal, dairy products (cream, sour cream). The most characteristic feature is a wide range of cold dishes and snacks. Sandwiches and canapes with various sandwich masses are very popular as snacks. Cakes, rolls, kalachi, pancakes, donuts are prepared from the dough. The first courses are characterized by potato soup, noodle soup with chicken, as well as soups with various vegetables. Side dishes for second courses are prepared only from vegetables. Various herbs and spices are used in cooking. Drink coffee black and with milk. Czechs love omelettes, scrambled eggs and any egg dishes, as well as sweet dishes made with whipped cream combined with chocolate and vanilla. Bread is eaten only wheat and in large quantities. It is inappropriate to offer lamb dishes, minced meat, hot fish dishes, seasoned soups and rye bread.

7. Yugoslav cuisine very similar to Bulgarian. Lamb, pork, chicken, and vegetables are widely used in cooking. Dishes from various types of fish and seafood are widely used. The Yugoslavs more widely than the Bulgarians use pork fat for cooking and flour products. A necessary component of many dishes is kaymak (made from sheep's or cow's milk). They love dishes of meat roasted over charcoal. Dairy products are very popular: milk, curdled milk, kefir, cottage cheese. Flour products are widely represented: all kinds of pies, rolls, cakes, pastries. From the first courses they prepare broths with various side dishes, soup-puree from chickens, cauliflower, liver, meat and fish hodgepodge. Rice and pasta are often used as a side dish. The main hot drink is coffee. It is inappropriate to offer boiled meat and fish and rye bread.

8. English they eat a lot of meat: beef, veal, lamb, not fatty pork and only in its natural form. Roast beef, beef steak are favorite national dishes (roast beef is prepared without any seasonings), meat is served with various sauces, marinades, most often tomato sauce is served. For garnish - fried potatoes, mashed potatoes, vegetables. From vegetables, cabbage and turnips are mainly consumed, which are eaten boiled. They love minced meat, it is fried and baked with onions and peppers. A large place in the diet is occupied by various puddings. They are prepared as second (meat, cereal, vegetable) and third courses (sweet, fruit). Egg dishes, sandwiches and canapé sandwiches are traditional. A festive dish is a stuffed turkey. Of the first courses, broths and mashed soups are the most common. Fruits and berries in fresh and canned form are consumed in large quantities. Hercules porridge (poridge) is a daily breakfast dish, which is cooked in water, without sugar and salt. Of the drinks, the most common is black, strong tea with milk and sugar. It is inappropriate to offer sausages and sausage products, fish soups, aspic fish, caviar, cereal side dishes, flour dishes, dishes with flour-based sauce (gravy).

9. Scandinavian cuisine (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland). The basics of Scandinavian cuisine are fish and other seafood. Salads, first and second courses are prepared from fish. Not the last place in the diet is beef, veal, pork. Sandwiches, milk and dairy products are widely used. The table is complemented by beans, a variety of vegetables, fruits, berries. A wide range of potato dishes - it is used as an independent dish and as a side dish. Favorite drink is coffee, it is drunk not only after breakfast, but also at any time of the day. From alcoholic drinks, beer, whiskey, liquors are popular. In all Scandinavian countries, hot food is eaten once a day, during lunch, but which happens quite late. The rest of the time they eat sandwiches and a variety of cold snacks. The selection of sandwiches is amazing. In Denmark, sandwiches are called the king of cuisine (more than 700 types), the “multi-story” sandwich is held in high esteem, and some restaurants specialize only in making sandwiches. It is inappropriate to offer: Swedes - pasta; Finnam - cottage cheese and products from it, as well as deep-fried fried potatoes.

10. French characterized by the consumption of small portions of a variety of dishes prepared in various ways from a wide range of products. A feature of cooking is the use of natural, dry and semi-dry wines, cognac, liqueurs, as well as a wide variety of sauces and sweet dishes. Vegetables are widely used. The French love meat dishes, grilled steak, fish, seafood, vegetable dishes and side dishes, omelettes. A special place is occupied by salads from fresh and canned vegetables, as well as salads from meat, poultry, and game. The first courses are mostly clear soups and puree soups (national onion soup). The national dish is cheese, and the hot drink is coffee. Sea and freshwater fish dishes are very popular, as well as seafood, oysters, shrimps, lobsters, scallops. From meat dishes - a steak with a slightly fried crust and almost raw inside; of other meat dishes, stew with white sauce is very popular. Of the first courses, leek puree soup with potatoes and onion soup seasoned with cheese are very popular.

11. Cuisines of the peoples of the Arab countries (Egypt, Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia) despite some differences, they have many common features in terms of products and cooking methods. Mutton, goat meat, poultry, legumes, rice, fresh and canned vegetables are widely used. A significant place is occupied by dishes from fish, eggs, lactic acid products, especially cheese, which resembles cheese. Various spices are used in large quantities: onions, garlic, olives, black and red peppers, cinnamon, aromatic herbs. For cooking, vegetable oil, mainly olive oil, is used. For Arabic cuisine, heat treatment is typical, frying pans are brought to 300 degrees when frying. The diet is double: a very hearty breakfast and no less hearty lunch, before or after sunset. From drinks they like tea (strong with thyme), coffee, boiled water with ice, various juices (freshly squeezed), they use a lot of wheat bread in the form of flat cakes (lavash, churek). It is inappropriate to offer pork dishes.

12. Italians Pasta is widely used for food, meat, grated cheese, and various sauces are served with them. Very fond of rolls in large quantities from wheat flour. A variety of foods are used in food: vegetables, fish, seafood, beef, lean pork (natural), poultry, fruits, berries, cheese, legumes. For cooking, they use a wide variety of spices, spices and seasonings, as well as olives, capers, chicory, nutmeg, etc. Breakfast, as a rule, is light: bread, cheese, coffee, but lunch is very dense. First courses: puree soups, clear soups and the most popular soups with pasta (Ministeroni). Cheese, like pasta, is a favorite food. When cooking, olive oil is used, rarely lard. After dessert, they eat cheese and drink coffee. It is inappropriate to offer butter, fatty pork and minced meat dishes, rye or mixed bread.

13. Peoples of Indochina (Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Burma).

Characterized by a large number of fish and seafood dishes. Meat is consumed little, poultry in sufficient quantities. Rice is widely used, which is served crumbly with meat, poultry, vegetables, seafood, and sauces. The bird is cooked in sunflower oil. Rice is steamed. Rice flour is widely used. No less popular are dishes made from legumes: beans, soybeans and special green beans. Cottage cheese and soy sauces are prepared from soybeans. From the first courses prepare broths with pies, croutons, rice, vegetables, eggs; vegetable soups, sweet soups with rice. Especially popular is noodle soup (chaomi) with the addition of chicken, meat, seafood, and vegetables. The national hot drink is green tea, made from cold sweet fruits, water and fruit juices. It is inappropriate to offer mineral water and rye bread.

14. Chinese along with fresh, dried, pickled and dried products are used in large quantities. Dishes are cooked in vegetable oil and chicken fat, using sauces and spices. Marine products (jellyfish, shrimps, trepangs and cuttlefish) and vegetable products (soybeans, bamboo, rice, lotus) predominate. They eat beef, pork, chicken, duck, fish, mushrooms, vegetables, and also like dumplings and noodles. Rice is very popular. Green tea is drunk very hot without sugar throughout the day. Sweet dishes are served between hot dishes. The national dish is black (slaked in lime) eggs. It is inappropriate to offer dishes from lamb, milk, dairy products, freshly salted fish products (caviar, herring), cheese, butter, potatoes, mineral water, as well as dishes prepared with melted butter and margarine or with the addition of bay leaf.

15. Korean cuisine in many ways similar to Chinese, rice, vegetables, fish, flour products are also widely used. Pork is consumed in small quantities. The main seasoning is soy. Dairy products are almost never consumed. Many dishes are prepared with vegetable oil. A peculiar dish is a dish of raw fish (heh). Rice, appetizers and all seasonings are served separately in different bowls and bowls. The first courses are used for breakfast, lunch and dinner (broths). Fruit dishes are served as a dessert. They drink beer, chilled, boiled water, eat a lot of wheat bread. It is inappropriate to offer: dairy products, fish delicacies, ham, smoked sausages, boiled vegetables, potatoes, rye bread, coffee, cocoa, mineral water.

16. Japanese cuisine mainly from plant products: vegetables (including seaweed), rice, soybeans, beans, as well as fish and seafood. The Japanese love beef, pork, lamb, and poultry dishes. The main product is rice. Most of the dishes are prepared with various spicy seasonings in vegetable and fish oil. Widely used fish in various forms, including raw. The national dish is sushi (popular rice cakes with slices of raw fish). Soy base sauce. They eat a lot of fruits, biscuits, drink coffee and green tea without sugar. It is not advisable to offer mineral water. All meals should be lightly salted.

17. Cuisine of the peoples of India consists of plant foods: rice, corn, lentils, legumes, vegetables. A large number of spices, spices, seasonings, sauces. The use of meat is associated with the division of the population by religion into Hindus and Muslims. Muslims do not eat pork, but they love lamb and goat meat. Hindus don't eat beef. Yogurt is a popular dairy product. Use it as an independent dish and in marinades. True vegetarian cuisine (followers of Jainism) is common in southern India. They do not eat there: onions, garlic, tomatoes, beets. The basis of their food is sweet peppers, dates, lentils, rice. Bread and lentil chowder is the main course for breakfast and lunch. In the east of India, in Bengal, freshwater fish and a dish of large and small shrimps and lobsters are in the first place on the menu. An important place is occupied by fresh and dried fruits, sweets, ice cream. Favorite drink is strong, hot, black tea (sometimes with milk). It is inappropriate to offer mineral water and beef.

18. Mongols love dishes from milk, meat products and flour products. Milk is used to make cheese, curdled milk and drinks. The most favorite food is milk foam. Do not eat fish dishes. Boiled lamb is widely used. They love lamb broth seasoned with millet, rice, vermicelli or noodles. Willingly eat poultry dishes, sausages, sausages, ham, vegetable salads, omelettes. They drink compotes and koumiss. The national hot drink is tea. They prefer "slab" tea, strongly brewed, seasoned with milk, butter (or lard) and salt. It is inappropriate to offer fish and fish gastronomy, caviar, coffee, cocoa, beer, mineral and fruit water.

19. Cubans eat a lot of potatoes, rice. The most popular dish is rice with black beans. In large quantities - red and black pepper, bay leaf, cinnamon, hot sauces, tomato paste, vinegar, mayonnaise. Limited salt. They love pork. New Year's delicacy - a whole pig roasted on a spit. Lots of sea fish and seafood dishes. They love eggs, sweets, fruits (they love to eat all this for breakfast, lunch and dinner). They also eat beef and poultry. Soup is not required. National hot drink strong, sweet coffee, alcoholic rum. Bread is consumed a lot and only wheat. It is inappropriate to offer lamb dishes, salty foods, rye bread.

20. Americans and Canadians- a mixture of traditions of many nationalities. For Americans, the main place is occupied by food industry products: canned, packaged and ready-to-eat. The main snack is sandwiches. All types of meat and seafood are used. Vegetables, dairy products, eggs, cereals are widely used. The main hot drink is coffee. when serving Americans, it should be taken into account that they do not like very hot food, but they like drinks very chilled. Be sure to drink ice water before meals. Canadians have a traditional drink - beer. Bread is eaten little.

21. Cuisine of the peoples of Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Ecuador and Colombia) widespread use of corn, various vegetables, especially tomatoes, beans, beans. They love tortillas made from corn with various seasonings. The basis of seasoning for many dishes is pepper, cheese, various sauces. They love natural meat dishes: beef, pork, fried until half cooked on grills and coals. They love meat sausages (like Georgian kupat). Another feature is that meat products and fish are not breaded. Side dishes for the second course are served separately. They are usually prepared from vegetables: potatoes, corn, etc. Garnishes are seasoned only with butter, and salads with olive oil. Mayonnaise and sour cream are almost never used. First courses are limited. Wide application of seafood and fish. They love fruits, juices, sauces. Hot drink - strong sweet hot coffee and mate. The diet is typical: a light breakfast (bun, jam, butter, juice, coffee) and hearty plentiful lunches and dinners. It is inappropriate to offer mayonnaise, sour cream, breading products.

22. Spain and Portugal they love fish dishes, also beef, veal, lamb, pork. A large number of dishes are prepared from ham and smoked sausages, poultry and eggs. The Portuguese love meat stewed in pots with vegetables, especially beans. Various seasonings are used. Sweet and hot peppers (Chili), garlic, herbs, saffron, cumin. Prefer continental breakfast. Soups like: cream soup, puree soup, vegetable, garlic.