Emphasis in the word oyster mushrooms. How to cook oyster mushrooms

Biological ripeness - the plates are open for sporulation, the fungus is thin, light.

Oyster mushrooms are harvested selectively, without waiting until all the clusters have grown. Druses are plucked, in which at least 2/3 of all mushrooms have reached a cap diameter of 5-8 cm. This is the so-called "technological" ripeness of the mushroom. In the state of its biological maturity, the oyster mushroom has large diameters of thinned caps, but loses a lot of weight.

In addition, when maturing, even low-spore strains begin to release a large number of spores. Since oyster mushroom spores have the status of an allergen, you should not delay collecting: this has a rather negative effect on health, and part of the crop is lost. After all, the older the fungus, the less it has the ability to accumulate and retain water. Each individual hat becomes large, but light, may begin to wrinkle with a small cobweb over the entire surface of the skin, begins to fluff (white fluff or plaque in the center of each mushroom.

At the same time, oyster mushroom often changes color: it becomes light gray or cream, often faded, as if faded and uncharacteristic for this strain.

During harvesting, use

How to collect druses (joints) of oyster mushrooms.

When collecting drusen, you should try to turn them inside out so as not to damage the substrate and not leave part of the druse in the block. If a druse is removed from a bag with sunflower husks quite easily, then in a straw substrate large druses even have to be swung back and forth, as if turning, and at the same time hold the film with one hand. Small clusters simply break off by tilting or lowering down. Sometimes it's easier to pick a bunch by lifting it up. This depends in part on the size and shape of the perforations. See what is more convenient and shoot. In order to touch the mushroom as few times as possible, before laying in the box, you can immediately cut off the remains of the substrate on the threat with a knife. To do this, you need to have a convenient knife that is mounted on a box and a trash can. From the habit, this process seems rather laborious, but as you get used to it, it saves time and the mushroom has a more attractive appearance.
You can not cut the druze with a knife, because. the cut may begin to rot from moisture and thereby infect the substrate.

Do I need to clear perforations after collecting the first wave?

If dense white remains of the base of the druse remain in the slots, then this dense lump must be carefully removed, trying not to violate the integrity of the mycelium. Otherwise, it will be very difficult to break through the primordia of the next wave from such a perforation. But, it’s more correct to immediately pluck the bunches so that you don’t clean up the perforations later.

Oyster mushrooms, rare guests on our table, but in vain. Mushrooms have been known since ancient times in China and Japan, where they were revered as a healthy and tasty dish.

They contain a lot of healing and nutrients necessary for human health.

In addition, mushrooms are easily grown at home and serve as an ingredient for the preparation of medicinal preparations.

Short description

Mushrooms belong to the Pleurotaceae family.

Develop on dead plant residues of woody origin.

Cellulose is necessary for their growth and nutrition, so they settle on fallen trees or old stumps next to honey mushrooms.

In nature, they are found throughout Europe in temperate climates, in forests and agricultural lands.

They grow in a heap, several pieces in one "outlet". In appearance, they are inconspicuous and, usually, no one pays attention to them, mistaking them for an inedible mushroom.

Oyster mushroom has a false brother, which has toxic properties and is hazardous to health.

The poisonous oyster mushroom is distinguished by a denser leathery hat, but it is rare, so do not worry.

Chemical composition

The composition of mushrooms is closest to meat and meat and dairy products.

Polysaccharides and minerals (phosphorus, copper, iron, calcium, cobalt, selenium and others) were found in large quantities.

Mushrooms are a source of vitamins B and E, as well as extremely rare vitamin D2, which serves as a natural antibiotic and antioxidant, preventing the formation of malignant tumors and inflammatory processes.

Beneficial features

Oyster mushrooms are very tasty and nutritious. The nutritional value of mushrooms is 40 kcal, raw, and 70 kcal, stewed - per 100 g of product.

They perfectly satisfy hunger, while they have a low calorie content, which makes them a useful product in weight loss diets.

In folk medicine, their following healing properties are used:

The uniqueness of mushrooms is primarily associated with the ability resist cancer.

This property was officially proven by Japanese doctors in 1997.

In addition, it was found that mushrooms have a beneficial effect on the body during radioactive exposure and radiation sickness.

Today, products and medicines based on oyster mushrooms are officially included in the list of recommended for these diseases.

Contraindications and harm

The main problem of mushrooms is associated with a high content of chitin, which is poorly absorbed and digested.

To do this, they are processed using high temperatures (boiled, stewed, fried). This helps to increase digestibility by 60-70%.

Another problem is associated with the danger of eating spoiled mushrooms, which serve as a source of poison.

Mushrooms are prohibited children under 12 and pregnant women.

What to look out for

Before use, you need to know the features of using oyster mushrooms.

Traditional medicine recipes

Traditional medicine has long used oyster mushrooms as the basis for the preparation of medicinal products for the treatment of diseases.
Consider the main recipes:

With hypertension.
For cooking, take 4-5 medium-sized oyster mushrooms and pour 1 glass of alcohol or vodka.
Insist in a dark place for 2 weeks, periodically shaking.

After that, the tincture is filtered through gauze, shifted several times. Take 2 times a day, 1 teaspoon before meals for 2 months.
Then take a break for 6 months and repeat the course again.

With atherosclerosis.
For cooking, young, strong mushrooms are chosen, which are washed, and then cleaned of the outer shell and boiled for 1 minute in boiling water.

After that, they are kneaded until smooth and consumed half a teaspoon, twice a day, before meals.
The course lasts 1 month. You can repeat after six months.

For festering wounds.
For cooking, you will need 300 g of chopped mushrooms and a bottle of vodka.
The ingredients are placed in a container and tightly closed.

Insist 10 days in a dark and cool room, periodically shaking.
Then filter through gauze and dilute with boiled water 1 to 1.

Purulent wounds or burns are washed with the remedy (it is written on the page how to treat at home).
The tincture has an antiseptic and cleansing effect.

For immunity.
Make mushroom powder.

To do this, the mushrooms are wrapped in a rag and ground, and then the resulting slurry is spread on a baking sheet in a thin layer - one or two centimeters.

The baking sheet is placed in the oven for 10 hours at a temperature of 40-60°C.

Periodically, the mushrooms are removed and ventilated for a couple of minutes, and then back into the oven.

Continue doing this until completely dry.
The mass and volume will be reduced to 10-15% of the original.

Properly cooked mushrooms should break, but not crumble.
The color remains light, and the smell is pleasant, like fresh mushrooms.

Oyster mushrooms are ground in a coffee grinder, and the resulting powder is stored in a tightly closed glass container.

Take half a teaspoon three times a day before meals. Do the procedure for 2 weeks.

The next time can be repeated in six months.
The tool supplies the body with useful substances, prevents the formation of malignant tumors and strengthens the immune system.

How to cook meals

Fried oyster mushrooms with potatoes.

• 0.5 kg of mushrooms,
• potatoes 1 kg,
• bow () 1 piece,
• salt and spices to taste.

Oyster mushrooms are fried first, as they take longer to cook than potatoes. First, they are cut into small pieces.

Fry with the lid open to evaporate the liquid contained in the mushrooms.

After 15-20 minutes, chopped onion and potatoes are added.

Cook until golden brown. Salt, spices and herbs are added as desired.

A tasty and healthy dish that satisfies hunger, has a low calorie content. dietary product.

Oyster mushroom soup.
For cooking you will need:

First, wash the mushrooms and separate the caps from the legs.

Now we cut the carrots and horseradish and, together with the mushrooms, put them in a pot of water.

Bring to a boil and cook for one hour with the lid open.
While the soup is cooking prepare the dough:

• mix flour and eggs
• add salt to taste.

The dough should be infused for 15 minutes, then it is rolled out and left for another 15 minutes.

Then finely chop so that you get noodles. In parallel, fry vegetables (carrots, onions and cucumbers) in a pan.

At this time, mushrooms with horseradish and carrots should already be cooked. Add fried vegetables and potatoes to them.

Cook until potatoes are ready. Then turn off the heat, let the soup brew for another 5-10 minutes. Greens and spices () are added to taste. The soup is ready.

Oyster mushrooms are healthy and nutritious mushrooms. If you wish, you can grow them yourself if you have your own house and summer cottage, or pick them up in the forest, where there are a lot of oyster mushrooms.

Healing potions are prepared from them and consumed as an independent dish.

It is important not to abuse it, as all mushrooms serve as a heavy food and are difficult to digest. If you use them often and in large quantities, you can harm digestion.

About the benefits and dangers of oyster mushrooms, see the video.

This is oyster mushrooms you scored

Don't argue! These are oyster mushrooms in your basket!

Who is right, who is wrong? We decided that a knowledgeable person, namely the teacher of the Russian language and literature of the Bashkir Lyceum No. 2, Svetlana Nikolaevna Fakhretdinova, will be able to judge, and at the same time reconcile all the mushroom pickers: (listen to the audio file)

Our people speak in a way that is simpler and more convenient. That is why in all the bazaars of the republic you will hear only the variant of "oyster mushroom", although "oyster mushroom" is correct. . Mushrooms in general are worth talking about in more detail.

How to correctly: oyster mushrooms or oyster mushrooms

Today we are answering questions from radio listeners who were actively picking mushrooms and berries, and then had a fight. And it would be because of what:

Fragnet 1 hum with sounds and caustic laughter

This is oyster mushrooms you scored

What are you talking about! This is not oyster mushrooms, but oyster mushrooms

Don't argue! These are oyster mushrooms in your basket

Who is right, who is wrong? We decided that a knowledgeable person, namely the teacher of the Russian language and literature of the Bashkir Lyceum No. 2, Svetlana Nikolaevna Fakhretdinova, will be able to judge, and at the same time reconcile all the mushroom pickers:

Fragnet 2

Our people speak in a way that is simpler and more convenient. That is why in all the bazaars of the republic you will hear only the variant of “oyster mushroom”. Mushrooms in general are worth talking about in more detail.

interruption

Where did this strange word come from: mushroom, mushrooms. Some scholars argue that in the Old Russian language this word "mushrooms" did not exist at all. And there was the word "lips". "Breaking lips" meant "to go picking mushrooms." How our Bashkir nugget Aelita Azina sings in a song

Fragment 3 mushrooms mushrooms

The name "mushrooms" appeared in Russian at the end of the 15th or the beginning of the 16th century. But it referred only to the "humped lips", which have convex, humped caps. "Mushroom", "mushroom" from the old Russian word "grb", "hump".

Fragment 4

There is another version. The word "mushroom" by origin is connected with the words "row", "rob". After all, mushrooms often grow in families and hide in the ground, so they need to be "raked out" from there.

More terrible assumptions also exist. So some researchers believe that the word "mushroom" is related to the word "coffin" (grave).

Fragnet 5

However, the exact origin of the word "mushroom" has not been established. You can put forward your version. Write comments in the official Sputnik FM Vkontakte group.

Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus) has both benefits for the human organum and harm. A similar ratio of useful properties and contraindications is typical for all mushrooms, and Pleurotus ostreatus is no exception to the rule.

Compound

The calorie content of oyster mushrooms per 100 grams of fresh product is 43 kcal. This amount contains:

• 9% of the daily fiber requirement;
• 25% niacin;
• 21% vitamin B2;
• 13% pantothenic acid;
• 12% copper, potassium, phosphorus;
• 8% vitamin B1;
• 7% folate and iron;
• 6% vitamin B6 and manganese.

In a slightly smaller amount, the composition of the product includes trace elements magnesium, zinc, selenium.

Mushrooms are rich in complete protein, which makes them an extremely nutritious food.

The health benefits of oyster mushrooms are determined not only by the listed main components, but also by those biologically active compounds that are present in their composition in smaller quantities, but have a strong effect on the body.

• natural lovastatin;
• natural antibiotics;
• substances that regulate the functioning of genes p53 And p21, which are responsible for the transition of the cell to a state of apoptosis (cell death) and therefore play a large role in the prevention of cancer;
• beta-glucans and glycoproteins with immunomodulatory functions, etc.

Beneficial features

Since oyster mushrooms contain a significant amount of different medicinal compounds, their health benefits are varied. Here are just some of the medicinal properties of these mushrooms.

Prevention and assistance in the treatment of cancer.	Prevention of atherosclerosis by lowering low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels.
Improving brain function, preventing Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia.	Improved control of blood glucose levels.
Elimination of chronic constipation.	Destruction of free radicals.
Fight against inflammatory processes.	Antimicrobial, fungicidal and antiviral activity.
Strengthening immunity.	Impotence warning.

Is it good to eat when losing weight?

1. These mushrooms are low in calories and high in nutrition. In addition, they are digested for a long time, well suppressing the feeling of hunger.
2. Since oyster mushrooms are rich in protein, they are thermogenic foods. In other words, they help speed up the metabolism, while at the same time making it possible to maintain muscle mass.
3. The ability of mushrooms to increase blood sugar control is important for eliminating insulin resistance, which is one of the main causes of weight gain and the rapid formation of the most dangerous visceral fat deposits for health.
4. Oyster mushrooms are useful for weight loss because they fight inflammation. According to current scientific information, in the body of people who are overweight, those inflammatory reactions always occur that accelerate the process of gaining excess body weight.

How to use correctly?

Can you eat it raw?

There is an opinion that oyster mushrooms can be eaten raw. In fact, it is strongly discouraged to do this.

Raw mushrooms are an extremely heavy food, which is practically not absorbed by many people. So in feces after eating raw oyster mushrooms, it is easy to replace pieces of undigested mushrooms.

This not only eliminates all the benefits of the product, since the beneficial components contained in it have not been absorbed, but also creates a huge burden on the digestive system. That is why after a meal with raw mushrooms, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea can develop.

In addition, the raw product contains two toxins - hemolysin and osteolysin, which negatively affect blood cells. Both toxins completely decompose after any, even the shortest, heat treatment. But raw mushrooms are present.

Is it possible to get poisoned?

Common cherry ( Pleurotus ostreatus) cannot be poisoned. This is an edible mushroom. The toxins present in its fruiting body, which were mentioned above, quickly decompose when heated. But even when eating raw mushrooms, it is impossible to eat enough of them to be poisoned by these toxins.

Indigestion that develops after eating raw oyster mushrooms is sometimes mistaken for poisoning. But this is not mushroom poisoning. And the usual "clogging of the stomach."

It is difficult to confuse oyster mushrooms with inedible mushrooms. The only truly dangerous species that looks like Pleurotus ostreatus, grows in Australia.

We can meet Lentinellus ursinus. This is an inedible mushroom. But it is not so poisonous that they could be poisoned at the first tasting. It will not be possible to eat a lot of this gift of the forest, as it is wildly bitter.

Should I boil before frying?

Oyster mushrooms are rather soft mushrooms. Therefore, pre-boiling is not necessary. But desirable. Especially in cases where the mushrooms were collected independently in the forest and / or they are planned to be given to children, debilitated and elderly people, those who suffer from diseases of the digestive system.

Oyster mushrooms are boiled before frying for a short time - only 5 minutes in salted water.

Since quite a lot of liquid is released from these mushrooms during frying, it is sometimes advised not to boil them on purpose. And just put out a little in your own juice, which then drain.

Recipe Examples

Salads

There are many salads that can be prepared from oyster mushrooms. Here are just a few examples.

Salad with egg. With the addition of fresh cucumber and chicken breast. You can fill it with both mayonnaise and sour cream.

Potato-mushroom salad with pickled cucumbers. Subtle and quite simple.

There are recipes for warm salads with these mushrooms.

Soups

From oyster mushrooms you can cook the most common classic mushroom soup. Potatoes, carrots, onions, greens. Nothing unusual.

Soup puree. Almost any type of mushroom can be used to make puree soup. Oyster mushrooms are no exception. For softness of taste, add both cream and butter.

And here is another interesting version of soup with homemade noodles.

Main courses

. Honey mushrooms, boletus, boletus ... Yes, in fact, all mushrooms can be cooked according to this classic recipe. Oyster mushrooms can also be fried in sour cream with onions.

Roast with pork. With the addition of these mushrooms, it will become more original, satisfying and fragrant.

Oyster mushrooms go well with pasta.

Blanks

Despite the fact that these mushrooms can be purchased at the store all year round, nothing prevents you from preparing them for the future for the winter. Yes, oyster mushrooms can be salted.

And pickle.

Freeze

Oyster mushrooms can be frozen both fresh and boiled. To freeze mushrooms raw, they need:

• thoroughly clean of debris;
• cut large hats into smaller pieces;
• wash;
• leave on baking paper or paper towel and dry completely;
• lay out on a tray in one layer, close it with a bag or lid and put it in the freezer for 2-4 hours;
• pour the hardening field into a bag or container for more compact long-term storage and put it back in the freezer.

How to freeze boiled oyster mushrooms, you can learn from the video.

Contraindications and side effects

1. A strict contraindication for the use of oyster mushrooms is an allergy to them, as well as an individual intolerance to mushrooms. Both conditions are quite common.
2. Like any other mushrooms, oyster mushrooms are a rather difficult food product to digest. Even in the absence of any serious illness, a mushroom meal can cause unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms in children, the elderly, those who have a high sensitivity of the digestive system from birth.
3. Vashenka contains sugar alcohols. These substances, even in small amounts, lead to diarrhea in people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.
4. Since mushrooms are very satiating and take a long time to digest, they are not recommended to be included in the diet of small children who should gain weight.
5. There are a lot of purines in yours. Therefore, their use is sometimes advised to limit those who suffer from gout.

The benefits of oyster mushrooms and their possible harm: conclusions

Pleurotus ostreatus are rich in many compounds important for health. And these are not only vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein, but also many other substances that have an unusually active effect on the human body.

Due to their unusual composition, these mushrooms enhance immunity and protect against cancer, improve brain function and help prevent diabetes. They are useful for losing weight and normalizing bowel function.

However, as with any other mushrooms, some care must be taken with cherries. They are not recommended to be eaten raw, included in the diet in too large quantities, given to small children and weakened people.

Not everyone knows how to properly cook oyster mushrooms. Before you start cooking, you need to be able to choose them correctly. The first step is to check the mushrooms for the presence of yellowish spots over its entire surface. If you saw them, then you can’t buy such mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms should have a grayish and uniform color. After purchase, they are stored in the refrigerator, preferably in glassware, without cutting or washing them.

Dishes prepared from oyster mushrooms are not only good in taste, but also very useful for our body. They contain perforins, which fight bad cells and prevent a variety of tumors.

Oyster Mushroom Recipes

How to cook fresh oyster mushrooms? First of all, it is worth noting that this type of mushroom is absolutely not picky in terms of cooking. They are marinated, salted, fried, stewed and frozen. Next, we will take a closer look at how to cook forest oyster mushrooms and oyster mushrooms grown in artificial conditions.

Fried oyster mushrooms

This type of cooking is the most popular. You do not need a lot of energy, and the result is excellent. For this you will need:

All of the above products are quite affordable even for families with a minimal budget and will always be found in the kitchen.

The frying process consists of the following steps:

Be sure to try the mushrooms during the cooking process so that, by overcooking, you do not spoil them. Even if you eat an incompletely prepared mushroom, then nothing bad will happen to you, since oyster mushrooms are absolutely non-poisonous and safe for humans. In the process of frying, you can add not only onions, but also other vegetables, after preparing them. With this preparation, the taste of oyster mushrooms is not lost.

Pickled oyster mushrooms

This cooking option is great for long-term storage.

The main thing that affects the taste of pickled mushrooms is the marinade itself. It is very important to prepare it correctly, otherwise you can spoil the dish.

For 1 liter of marinade you will need:

• ½ tsp salt and sugar.
• Peppercorns in the amount of 5 pieces.
• 1-2 tablespoons of vinegar.
• small bay leaf.

Cooking process:

1. Boil water in a saucepan or other container.
2. Rinse thoroughly and cut into large pieces of oyster mushroom.
3. Pour boiled water over the mushrooms so that it completely covers them.
4. Boil for 12 minutes.
5. Arrange the mushrooms in jars and pour the boiled marinade over.
6. After the jars with all the contents have cooled, place them in the refrigerator and let it brew.
7. You can eat them after a couple of hours.

Oyster mushroom soup

To make soup you will need:

• 150 grams of mushrooms.
• 3 large or 4 medium potatoes.
• one small bulb.
• one small carrot.
• dill, parsley and celery are added at your discretion.
• 50 gr. butter and sunflower oil.
• sour cream to taste.

Cooking process:

1. Place potatoes and celery in boiling water.
2. Fry carrots and onions in a pan using sunflower and butter.
3. Mushrooms are cut into small pieces and added to onions and carrots.
4. We transfer the resulting mixture to a saucepan and wait until the soup boils for 3.5 minutes.
5. After turning off the stove, the soup must be allowed to brew.
6. Serve with sour cream and chopped herbs.

You can also add any cereal to this soup. This will make it more satisfying and tasty.

Oyster mushroom salad

All the necessary ingredients for the salad:

Cooking steps:

1. String beans are boiled and finely chopped.
2. Cut the boiled chicken fillet and fry until golden brown.
3. Mushrooms and leeks are fried in vegetable oil.
4. After all the ingredients have cooled, mix them and add the chopped pickled cucumbers.
5. Dress the salad with mayonnaise.

Oyster mushroom cutlets

To prepare cutlets you will need:

We prepare as follows:

This version of cutlets is great for people on a diet or for vegetarians.

Mushrooms in pots

Ingredients needed for cooking:

• mushrooms - 400 gr.
• onion - 1 pc.
• potatoes - 500 gr.
• vegetable oil - 2-3 tablespoons.
• sour cream - 150 gr.
• salt, pepper and herbs to taste.

The cooking process includes the following:

1. Wash the mushrooms well and cut. After that, you need to fry them with onions.
2. Sliced ​​potatoes also fry and add to the mushrooms.
3. Add all the necessary spices and put the resulting mixture into pots.
4. Cook in the oven at an average temperature of 35-45 minutes.

Oyster mushrooms in Korean

This option is great for long-term storage and preparations for the winter.

Required products:

Cooking steps:

1. Put the well-washed mushrooms into a saucepan and cook in boiling water for several minutes.
2. Drain the water and let the mushrooms dry.
3. During this time, finely chop the onion and garlic.
4. Mix Korean-style carrots with mushrooms and add onion, garlic, salt, sugar, vinegar to them.
5. We close the resulting dish with a lid and let it brew in the refrigerator for 2-3 hours, after which it can be eaten.

For longer storage, it is necessary to distribute the dish among the jars, previously sterilized from half an hour to an hour.

These are just some of the dishes worth trying. Whether it's mushrooms from the forest or grown commercially, they'll become one of your favorite treats when prepared properly. I wish you all success in this matter and enjoy your meal!