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Many scientists and medical specialists have been studying the characteristics of the female body for several centuries. And only recently it was finally possible to find out when PMS begins in females, and what are its true manifestations. Premenstrual syndrome has not been fully studied, but it is already known that when it appears, women feel unwell: fatigue, malaise appear, excessive aggression or tearfulness can also be observed.

There is no exact framework for how many years PMS occurs. Premenstrual syndrome is a fairly common phenomenon and occurs in 75% of women. This is a condition in which various pseudo-symptoms appear that are characteristic of PMS.

It is characterized by certain psychological and physiological characteristics. For each woman or girl, this condition manifests itself in different ways and is expressed in varying degrees of intensity.

Some women do not have premenstrual syndrome at all, while others have it all the time. Age plays an important role here, because PMS occurs only in women who have reached puberty with a formed menstrual cycle. This condition is observed only once a month and is accompanied by characteristic symptoms that are individual for each woman.

How many days before menstruation does PMS show up?

As noted earlier, in all women the syndrome is expressed differently, therefore, how many days before menstruation it manifests itself and how long it lasts - all this is purely individual. As a rule, the first symptoms can be observed in a woman 2-10 days before the onset of menstruation. Depending on the individual characteristics of the body, the symptoms of PMS can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent.

The appearance of PMS is explained by the fact that at a certain point in the menstrual cycle, the level of hormones in the body changes. This affects the psycho-emotional and physiological processes, which causes changes in the behavior, well-being of a woman.

Before the onset of menstruation, in a few days, the restructuring of hormones begins, which accordingly causes changes in the functioning of the body as a whole. This condition can often last two weeks, after which the hormonal background returns to normal and the woman can again feel normal.

But this is not the case for everyone - each organism is individual, so often the manifestations of PMS in women may differ. Among the external and internal factors that affect the severity of symptoms, the following are of great importance:

• the presence of any diseases;
• food quality;
• Lifestyle;
• ecology.

It may happen that menstruation began earlier, and as a result, PMS will also appear a few days earlier than expected. To identify the exact period of the onset of premenstrual syndrome, you need to know your own cycle, it is especially easier for those girls who have menstruation regularly at the same interval. In the first year after the onset of menstruation, adolescents may have a period for the duration of menstruation, but, as a rule, PMS is not observed during this period.

Causes of premenstrual syndrome

PMS can begin for many reasons, but, as a rule, the onset of the syndrome is due to some internal factors:

• violations in the body of water-salt balance;
• allergic reactions;
• psychological reasons;
• physiological factors.

The main reason for the appearance of PMS is a change in the level of hormones, when their number increases in the second phase of the cycle. For a woman, the balance of hormonal levels is very important, since any deviations from the norm entail not only changes in the psycho-emotional plan, but also contribute to the exacerbation of certain diseases, as a result of which health may worsen and general malaise and weakness appear.

Female hormones that ensure the normal and stable functioning of the whole body are presented below.

1. Estrogen - is responsible for the physical and mental characteristics of the body, stabilizes muscle tone.
2. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is necessary to prepare the body for pregnancy, but with an increase in its level in the 2nd phase of the cycle, a woman may experience a depressive state.
3. Androgens - increase physical and mental activity.

The beginning of the menstrual cycle can contribute to the occurrence of PMS, which is due to several reasons.

1. A decrease in the hormone serotonin becomes the main cause of mood changes, as a result of which tearfulness and sadness appear.
2. Lack of vitamin B6 - causes fatigue, mood changes.
3. Lack of magnesium - contributes to dizziness.

Often, PMS is genetically transmitted, which is the main reason for its occurrence in a woman.

PMS symptoms

PMS in females has a lot of manifestations. For some, they may not be particularly pronounced, for others they may be more intense. Symptoms may last one day or may last up to 10 days. Basically, they are divided into psychological and physiological manifestations.

Psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome:

• depression;
• depressed state;
• stress, nervousness;
• unexplained aggression;
• irritability;
• frequent mood swings.

Psychological symptoms are quite pronounced and are common in women in the second phase of the cycle. Basically, the manifestations depend on the function of the nervous system and the work of hormones.

Physiological symptoms:

• feeling of nausea and vomiting;
• instability of blood pressure;
• aching or stabbing;
• puffiness;
• breast swelling;
• Rarely enough, but a rise in temperature is possible;
• weight set.

Physiological manifestations during the period of premenstrual syndrome depend on the hormonal level, lifestyle and environment.

How to distinguish pregnancy from PMS

Many women are unable to distinguish between the symptoms of PMS and pregnancy. To know for sure, you need to rely on the manifestations associated with premenstrual syndrome or pregnancy.

Some symptoms are similar to each other, but they differ in duration and degree of manifestation.

1. Satisfied with rapid fatigue after light physical exertion.
2. Enlargement of the mammary glands, their soreness when touched - during PMS, this manifestation is not long-term, but during pregnancy it continues until childbirth.
3. Feeling of nausea, vomiting - PMS is rarely expressed by these symptoms, while pregnancy is characterized by such manifestations throughout the first trimester.
4. Irritability, frequent mood swings.
5. Pain in the lumbar region.

During pregnancy, the attitude to nutrition changes, often women may want to try a specific food. With menstruation, this does not happen, only a craving for sweet or salty is possible.

How to relieve premenstrual syndrome

This condition in the female can begin a few days before menstruation. Often there is a significant decrease in the activity of the body and its performance. Any physical activity causes rapid fatigue, drowsiness and malaise.

In this case, you need to visit a doctor who should prescribe treatment. It is carried out after a medical examination, the patient's complaints and the severity of PMS symptoms are taken into account.

Medications for PMS

To suppress the symptoms and treat PMS, medications are prescribed that can stabilize well-being and weaken the effect of the syndrome on the body. Medicines are prescribed by a gynecologist and taken under his supervision.

1. Psychotropic drugs - with their help, the nervous system is restored, and the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, such as irritability, nervousness, and others are weakened.
2. Hormonal drugs - recommended for hormone deficiency in the body.
3. Antidepressants - help to improve overall well-being, normalize sleep, reduce anxiety, frustration, panic, and eliminate depression.
4. Non-steroidal drugs - used for minor manifestations of PMS, they help eliminate headaches, and pain in the abdomen.
5. Drugs that improve blood circulation.

Medicines are selected according to the characteristics of the female body, the symptoms and the degree of manifestation of signs of premenstrual syndrome are taken into account.

According to statistics, more than 80% of all girls and women in the world know what PMS means. Most often, the manifestation of the syndrome occurs in the age range from 20 to 40 years. In rare cases, the harbingers of menstruation manifest themselves in a severe form, so the fairer sex usually does not go to the gynecologist with complaints. But the aggravation of symptoms from month to month makes it necessary to consult a doctor, because this can be a sign of health problems.

Origin theories

Specialists from the field of medicine have been conducting research for a long time, which have not been able to help identify the cause of the appearance of premenstrual syndrome. There are many theories about its origin. Among them:

1. Hormonal.
2. Violation of the water-salt balance.
3. Psychosomatic.
4. Allergic reaction to endogenous progesterone.

If you believe the hormonal theory, then the manifestation of signs of the premenstrual period occurs due to changes in the level of sex hormones in the woman's blood in the second phase of the cycle. For the normal functioning of the body, the patient needs a stable hormonal background, which includes:

After ovulation, that is, in the second phase of the cycle, a change in the hormonal background in the female body occurs. Therefore, adherents of the theory believe that the cause of PMS is an incorrect reaction of the brain regions that are responsible for changing emotional mood and behavior to natural changes in the concentration of sex hormones. This feature is a hereditary predisposition.

Somatic and psycho-vegetative disorders before the onset of critical days occur due to the unstable state of the endocrine system. At the same time, the level of hormones, which may be normal, is not a decisive factor. Responsible for changing mood and behavior are:

Features and stages

As a rule, over the years, the risk of increasing PMS, which means premenstrual syndrome, only increases. Residents of big cities are more susceptible to the appearance of the syndrome than rural women. About 90% of sexually mature girls notice a number of minor changes in their body and body. They begin to appear before the onset of critical days. This usually happens 7-10 days before the onset of spotting.

In some, the symptoms appear in a mild form without affecting their usual life. Mild PMS does not require the intervention of a doctor and the appointment of treatment. Others can hardly tolerate the symptoms that appear, which proceed in a severe form. This condition requires a mandatory visit to a medical institution for professional help. The cyclic feature of the occurrence of a number of symptoms makes it possible to understand that this is PMS, and not some kind of disease.

Severe phenomena in the physical and emotional state of a woman, which are observed before the onset of menstruation, immediately stop with the onset of blood discharge. If unpleasant symptoms persist throughout the entire menstrual cycle, then you need to contact a gynecologist. The fact is that this can be a sign of a serious pathology in the reproductive system. In a difficult emotional state, it is recommended to consult a psychotherapist.

Experts divide PMS into 3 stages:

In most cases, PMS is considered a natural phenomenon, so women do not complain to their doctor. The sensations before menstruation and at the beginning of pregnancy are very similar, so girls often confuse them. Severe pain and reluctance to go to the hospital force them to take not only painkillers, but also antidepressants without consulting a specialist. Medicines of this group really help relieve pain, but without the necessary therapy, PMS can go into a more severe stage - decompensated.

The manifestation of signs of premenstrual syndrome captures all systems of a woman's body, so they are often confused with the course of other diseases. This leads to the fact that girls seek help from the wrong specialists, for example, a neurologist or a therapist, and do not receive proper treatment. To understand the exact cause of the deterioration of the condition is possible only with a professional examination and a complete examination.

Symptoms of manifestation

Every woman experiences PMS differently. This is due to the fact that any organism has its own individual characteristics. Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are divided into the following groups:

1. Vegetovascular. Jumps in blood pressure, vomiting, severe headache, nausea, tachycardia, dizziness and pain in the region of the heart.
2. Neuropsychic. Depression, tearfulness, aggression and irritability.
3. Exchange-endocrine. Edema, fever, chills, chest pain, itching, thirst, shortness of breath, blurred vision, memory loss.

Conventionally, premenstrual syndrome is divided into several forms, but at the same time its signs do not occur in isolation, but in combination. So, in a depressive state, a woman's pain threshold is significantly reduced, and she begins to feel spasms and pain more strongly.

Forms of PMS:

Women most often suffer from irritability, pain in the mammary glands, bloating, tearfulness, headache and swelling before the onset of menstruation. Weakness, abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and weight gain are much less common.

It is worth remembering that PMS can exacerbate the following diseases:

Common Causes

There are many factors that can influence the development of PMS. Unfortunately, gynecologists and endocrinologists could not come to a common opinion. Common causes of unpleasant symptoms are:

Differences from pregnancy

Some signs of PMS are very similar to the first symptoms of pregnancy, which occur before the delay. The thing is that from the moment of conception in the blood of a woman, the level of sex hormone increases. The same process is observed before the onset of menstruation. That is why these states are confused. Similar symptoms:

• rapid onset of fatigue;
• lower back pain;
• increased sensitivity and swelling of the mammary glands;
• mood swings;
• irritability;
• vomit;
• nausea.

Guessing over the causes of unpleasant symptoms, it is recommended to compare their nature. So, with PMS, discomfort in the chest disappears with the onset of menstruation, and during pregnancy it continues to disturb until the very end. In an interesting position, girls have a desire to eat inedible things, drink beer with salted fish. In addition, their sense of smell is aggravated and they begin to feel sick from the usual smells. With the syndrome, sensitivity to aromas also appears, but there is no particular food cravings, just an increase in appetite.

As for lower back pain, pregnant women do not always worry about them at the beginning of their term. Fatigue appears already from 4 weeks of gestation. That's when toxicity occurs. At the same time, the stomach may sip a little, but this does not last very long.

Before menstruation, the back begins to hurt either immediately after ovulation, or a few days before the onset of discharge. Discomfort in the lower abdomen is not for everyone, since this symptom is very individual. Frequent urination cannot be a harbinger of critical days. But nausea and even vomiting are quite common.

Of course, it is difficult to determine exactly what is happening in the body. Often, at very early dates, when a new life is just emerging, even an experienced gynecologist cannot determine pregnancy when viewed on a chair. In such cases, he appoints an ultrasound for a more accurate check. If it is not possible to visit a specialist, it is recommended to wait for the delay and take a pregnancy test or take a blood test for hCG.

Diagnostic methods

Remembering the date of the beginning and end of menstruation is not easy, it is quickly forgotten. To facilitate the task, it is recommended to keep a diary or calendar, where you will need to record not only the course of menstruation, but also indicators of basal temperature, symptoms and changes in weight. This approach should be followed for 2-3 cycles to simplify the diagnosis and treatment of PMS.

You can determine the severity of the premenstrual period by the duration of the signs and their intensity:

1. Easy flow. A maximum of 4 mild symptoms or 2 severe symptoms are observed.
2. Heavy form. 2 to 5 intense symptoms. It is also diagnosed if at least one sign deprives a woman of working capacity.

Cyclicity distinguishes PMS from the pathological manifestations of other diseases of the reproductive system. Feeling worse 2-10 days before menstruation. Unpleasant symptoms do not always go away with the onset of spotting. Often they flow into menstrual migraine or painful critical days. PMS can be distinguished from pathology by the following features:

1. If a girl feels good in the first half of the cycle, then diseases such as fibrocystic, neurosis and depression are excluded.
2. Endometriosis, dysmenorrhea and chronic endometritis are manifested by intermenstrual bloody discharge and pain at the end of the cycle.

Gynecologists, in order to establish the degree of pre-monthly syndrome, conduct a hormonal analysis for progesterone and estradiol. In addition, the specialist prescribes an additional examination of the patient. Depending on the complaints, the following procedures may be prescribed to her:

Neurologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, therapists and cardiologists are also involved in the diagnosis of patients who suffer from severe PMS.

Therapeutic Approaches

It is possible to achieve an improvement in well-being only with the complex treatment of premenstrual syndrome. It is selected individually according to many parameters. So, according to the course, form and symptoms PMS for a woman can be prescribed the following:

Preventive measures

If PMS does not allow you to live in peace, depriving you of working capacity, then, of course, you cannot get around without therapy. But sometimes this is not enough. After the end of the course of treatment, it is imperative to follow certain preventive measures. These include:

A balanced diet, intake of vitamins and minerals, physical activity, sex and sound sleep bring a positive mood and well-being, which lasts even before the onset of menstruation.

In the lives of many women, there are three cherished letters that turn a tender nymph into an unpredictable explosive person. Loving friends and relatives quickly disengage from the situation and run away. What is this exclusively female disease that terrifies everyone? This is the inevitable premenstrual syndrome, briefly.

The most common manifestations of premenstrual syndrome are a headache, sometimes reaching a migraine, causeless irritability, depression, depression, problems with stool and urination, thirst, acne and other rashes on the face, swelling, desire for sweet and salty in uncontrolled quantities.

In my practice, there were cases when a girl called an ambulance, her stomach hurt so much before menstruation. And nothing helped her, except for crouching down. And for others, after 35 years, the chest began to hurt, turn to stone and fill up, like Pamela Anderson.

Unfortunately, in such a situation, little depends on the woman, because these processes are regulated by her hormonal background.

Of course, among us there are lucky women who have never experienced the delights of premenstrual syndrome in their lives. But most, alas, know perfectly well what is at stake.

By the way, I want to note that in my practice there were also men who calculated with a calendar when their beloved would have menstruation. And exactly in a week they began to pour a beloved sedative into tea and coax with chocolates. (Men, if you're reading this article, please don't do this!)
As one of my patients said, ¨Do you know why this period in women is called PMS? Because the term “mad cow disease” has already been taken¨. In fact, it is not the bitchy nature that is to blame, but some hormonal changes that occur in the female body during the cycle.

So, let's figure out what it is and how to make friends with it.

Premenstrual syndrome is a complex set of regularly recurring symptoms that lead to an imbalance in the physical and psycho-emotional state of a woman. It occurs in 7 out of 10 women aged 20-45 years. As a rule, cyclically occurs several (on average 5-10) days before the onset of menstruation.

The peculiarity of PMS is that the number of symptoms is huge, and they are diverse.

Vivid emotional manifestations

• Depression
• Irritability
• Sometimes aggressiveness

Changes in the body

• Swelling and soreness of the mammary glands
• Vulvovaginal or the so-called ¨thrush¨
• Edema
• Insomnia
• Increased appetite and therefore weight gain

Simply put, these days, some of the fair sex are turning into whiny-aggressive hungry furies.

There are clear medical criteria that explain the phenomena that lead to PMS.

• Lack of some sex hormones.
  One of the most important "female" hormones is traditionally considered to be progesterone - a steroid hormone that has a very wide complex effect on the woman's body. Its lack in the second phase of the cycle is directly related to the occurrence of PMS.
• 
  If you do not get enough sleep, then the stress hormone begins to be produced by the body in increased quantities. Which, accordingly, causes a decrease in the hormone of healthy sleep and the emotional well-being of progesterone. After all, both of these hormones are united by a single metabolic pathway in the adrenal glands. Therefore, even if three months ago you had a sufficient content of sex hormones in your body, then as a result of lack of sleep, you are guaranteed their insufficiency, and, as a result, PMS.
• A lack of , especially B6. This is especially true for vegetarians.
• Flaw can cause tachycardia and headaches.
• estrogen dominance.
  After the age of 30, a woman begins a gradual decrease in the level of sex hormones. Most often, progesterone fades faster than. The distortion of the relationship of sex hormones is also influenced by environmental factors: fake estrogens (xenoestrogens). All these components lead to a state of estrogen dominance.

Often women are doomed to premenstrual syndrome and think that it is for life. Not necessarily! Modern medicine has a wide range of options for treating PMS. These are vitamins and microelements, restoration of hormonal levels, physiotherapy and much more.

I note that women over 35 years old with a bright PMS generally need regular follow-up with a functional medicine doctor. It is highly likely that they will have a difficult menopause.

Second, pay close attention to your menstrual cycle. If the cycle began to change, both for shortening and lengthening, this is the first signal of a decrease in ovarian function. Be sure to consult a functional medicine specialist.

The most effective way to check the functioning of the ovaries and adrenal glands is to take a multisteroid test for hormones from the 18th to the 21st day of the cycle. And to understand how your sex hormones are in balance, you can use the estrogen-progesterone ratio.

For example, vitamin deficiencyDor may lead to menstrual irregularities and PMS.

If more gross deviations were found in the analyzes, the doctor adds with jewelry what the patient lacks. Some choose monocomponent therapy. But it also happens vice versa, when it is necessary to balance the lack of all hormones.

Preventive measures for PMS

1. First of all - sleep! Healthy sleep until 23.00 is the key to the beauty of a woman.
2. Watch your weight. Eat fractionally, a maximum of 3-4 times a day. Choose non-starchy vegetables, organic protein foods, vegetable oils, and greens.
3. Before menstruation, reduce the consumption of flour, salty and sweet. Eliminate alcohol, strong tea and coffee.
4. Ensure your daily diet proper amount of vitamins and minerals.
5. Another secret: give up soy products. They introduce an imbalance in the female hormonal background.

Also during this period it is useful to practice yoga and meditation. These techniques will help you relax and calm down. Rest well and, if possible, remain calm.

One last piece of advice for men. Do not look for logic in women's words. Give your beloved a little more patience, love and affection during PMS days. Once again, show how much you love her. Give a gift, even a symbolic one.

Editorial opinion may not reflect the views of the author.
In case of health problems, do not self-medicate, consult a doctor.

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