When was the first faceted glass made? Eight interesting facts about the Soviet faceted glass
In modern technologically advanced times, a large number of all kinds of auxiliary equipment for both cleaning and cooking have been invented to help housewives. But, as practice has shown, many housewives cannot do without the usual classic faceted glass in the kitchen.
History of appearance
In history, there are two versions of the appearance of faceted glass.
According to the first, the authorship belongs to the great sculptor Vera Ignatievna Mukhina, the author of the famous monumental sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Girl". She developed it specifically for the dishwasher of that time, since a glass of ordinary shape could not gain a foothold in it, fell and broke.
According to the second version, it appeared in the distant times of the reign of Peter I. It was made by the glass maker of that time, Efim Smolin, for the convenience of sailors in the navy. During the pitching, the forms rolled off the tables less than the round ones, and after the fall they almost did not beat.
"Birthday" glass
Be that as it may, and no matter who is credited with authorship, the official birthday of the faceted glass is September 11, 1943. According to historical data, it was on this day that the first Soviet faceted glass was produced.
For the first time it was officially smelted in the oldest city of Russia, Gus-Khrustalny, its height was 9 cm, diameter 6.5 cm, it had 17 faces, and the volume of the faceted glass was 200 ml. It is he who has been considered a classic ever since.
Then, when production was put on stream, they were produced with 16, 17 and even 20 facets, and the volume of a faceted glass in ml could be from 150 to 280.
Application area
In addition to the standard application, the faceted glass has received many more additional functions. With his help:
Volume to weight ratio
And no matter how advanced modern technology is, often in various recipes you can find such a measure as a faceted glass.
Or, conversely, without having a scale at hand, you can use it to measure the right amount of product. The main thing is that the volume of the faceted glass should be standard - 200 ml.
Below are the most popular liquid products:
The measure of measurement in faceted glasses and bulk products did not bypass:
From this we can conclude that everything can be measured with a faceted glass.
Glasses in modern times
In addition to the usual use - to measure something or pour - glasses have become something more than ordinary kitchen utensils.
It can be donated. Buy a ready-made glass in a souvenir shop with an original inscription, name, picture, or order something of your own. And it will be a great gift.
In honor of the faceted glass, various exhibitions and expositions are held, in which all kinds of specimens are collected, from the most modern to very old and valuable.
There are competitions for the best cup holder. Then they are put on public display at exhibitions. Some glasses are so beautiful and original that it is easier to classify them as a work of art than as dishes. After all, as you know, there are a fairly large number of craftsmen who are able to make a real masterpiece out of an ordinary faceted glass.
From this we can conclude: a faceted glass is not just dishes, but something historical, creative and still necessary in many kitchens.
September 11 is the day of faceted glass. No, this is not a joke on drinkers, but a good reason 🙂 September 11, 1943 is considered the birthday of this glassware. As history testifies, it was on this day that the first Soviet faceted glass was produced at the glass factory in Gus-Khrustalny.
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1. The design of the Soviet-style faceted glass is attributed to Vera Mukhina, the author of the monumental composition "Worker and Collective Farm Girl". However, there is no documented evidence for this. According to some reports, Vera Ignatievna developed the shape of the glass specifically for the Soviet public catering.
2. The "Mukhinsky" glass, thanks to the smooth ring that runs along the circumference and distinguishes it from the faceted glass of the traditional shape, turned out to be not only very durable, but also convenient for washing in dishwashers. Thanks to this, the Soviet glass was prescribed for many years in canteens and on railway transport.
3. And also actively used in street vending machines for carbonated drinks.
4. The dimensions of a standard faceted glass are 65 millimeters in diameter and 90 millimeters in height. The very first glass had 16 faces, which is considered today a classic of the genre. There are instances with 12, and 14, and 18, and 20 faces, as well as 17 faces (but they are not so typical, since it is easier to produce glasses with an even number of faces). At the bottom of the glass, as a rule, the price was squeezed out - 7 or 14 kopecks (that's how much the "20-hedrons" cost).
5. As for the usual faceted glass cup (without the upper smooth rim), it was known much earlier - back in the time of Peter the Great. It is attested that the faceted glass was presented to the emperor as an unbreakable dish for drinking alcoholic beverages. The king, who, as you know, was fond of shipbuilding, appreciated the gift, declaring that such a glass would not fall to the floor while rolling on the ship, and if it did fall, it would not break.
6. At a later time, a 12-sided glass of tea was depicted in the painting by the famous Russian artist Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin "Morning Still Life" (1918). This dish became the progenitor of the Soviet faceted glass.
7. The expression "think for three" is directly related to the Soviet faceted glass. The fact is that exactly 167 grams of vodka is placed in a 200-gram glass up to the glass rim - a third of a half-liter bottle, which allows you to share its contents "in good conscience."
How many grams are in a faceted glass and where did it come from and how can an ordinary faceted glass be useful in everyday life.
In Soviet times, not a single kitchen, factory canteen or train could do without it. They still use it now.
Great-grandfathers faceted
Several legends are associated with his birth. The well-known Vladimir glassblower Efim Smolin presented Peter 1 with a new strong drinking vessel. It was a faceted (so as not to roll off the ship's table during pitching) glass. The king decided to check the quality and hit them on the floor with the words: “There will be a glass!”. The vessel, of course, broke, but a tradition arose to beat the dishes for good luck. In 1905, the Faberge Museum in Baden-Baden exhibited a still life depicting the skeleton of a herring, fried eggs and the great-grandfather of a faceted glass.
Measuring capacity: How many grams in a faceted glass table
Housewives have long been doing without a special measure - they bake and cook, measuring food with a glass.
Bulk products
This type includes sugar, buckwheat, flour and much more. If you are faced with a recipe that includes bulk products in grams, then this table will be useful in your kitchen.
| Product | Glass without rim, 200 ml | Glass with rim, 250 ml |
| Sugar | 160 | 200 |
| Rice | 185 | 230 |
| Buckwheat | 165 | 210 |
| Pearl barley | 185 | 230 |
| Bulgur | 190 | 235 |
| Couscous | 180 | 225 |
| Millet | 175 | 220 |
| Peas shelled | 185 | 230 |
| Salt | 255 | 320 |
| Semolina | 160 | 200 |
| Corn flour | 145 | 180 |
| Wheat groats | 145 | 180 |
| Barley groats | 145 | 180 |
| Wheat flour | 130 | 160 |
| Pasta | 190 | 230 |
| oat flakes | 80 | 100 |
| Powdered milk | 100 | 120 |
| Cornflakes | 50 | 60 |
| Hercules | 60 | 75 |
Liquids
Liquid has a relatively fixed volume, so it is very difficult to measure it in grams. However, the table below shows the products in grams in detail.
| Product | Glass without rim, 200 ml | Glass with rim, 250 ml |
| Milk | 200 | 250 |
| Water | 200 | 250 |
| Kefir | 200 | 250 |
| Cream | 200 | 250 |
| Yogurt | 200 | 250 |
| Liquor | 200 | 250 |
| Vinegar | 200 | 250 |
| Cognac | 200 | 250 |
| Sunflower/olive oil | 185 | 230 |
| Ghee butter | 195 | 240 |
| Melted margarine | 180 | 225 |
| Fat melted | 195 | 240 |
solid foods
This table roughly shows how many grams are in a faceted glass, because the exact content will depend on the size and type.
| Product | Glass without rim, 200 ml | Glass with rim, 250 ml |
| small lentils | 175 | 220 |
| Candied fruit | 220 | 275 |
| Sunflower seeds | 135 | 175 |
| Pumpkin seeds | 95 | 125 |
| Beans | 175 | 220 |
| Whole peas | 160 | 200 |
| ground walnut | 155 | 190 |
| Large lentils | 160 | 200 |
| Raisin | 155 | 190 |
| Fresh blueberries | 160 | 200 |
| Dried blueberries | 110 | 130 |
| Cherry | 155 | 190 |
| Gooseberry | 165 | 210 |
| Cranberry | 155 | 190 |
| Cherries | 130 | 165 |
| Currant | 145 | 180 |
| Hazelnut peeled | 140 | 175 |
| Peanuts, shelled | 140 | 175 |
| Almonds, peeled | 135 | 170 |
| Strawberry | 135 | 170 |
| Whole shelled walnut | 135 | 170 |
| Raspberries | 120 | 150 |
Viscous products
Let's now look at the last type of food that we have left.
| Product | Glass without rim, 200 ml | Glass with rim, 250 ml |
| Honey | 260 | 325 |
| Condensed milk | 240 | 300 |
| Berry/fruit puree | 280 | 350 |
| Boiled condensed milk | 280 | 350 |
| Jam/Jam | 275 | 340 |
| tomato paste | 240 | 300 |
| Cottage cheese | 200 | 250 |
| Mayonnaise | 200 | 250 |
| Sour cream | 210 | 265 |
And in 1918, on the canvas “Morning Still Life” by Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, there was a 12-sided glass of tea. Although it could have a different number of faces, from 12 to 20. The invention of the upper rounded rim is attributed to the famous sculptor of the USSR Vera Mukhina (she also invented the beer mug). It is believed that a container of this shape was more convenient to wash in Soviet dishwashers. Mass production of glasses began on September 11, 1943 at a glass factory in Gus-Khrustalny.
Today, faceted glass is no longer in such demand and is gradually becoming a rarity, which is more likely to be kept for the collection. Faceted glass at one time was one of the most important attributes of life in the Soviet Union. But few people know who invented the faceted glass. Let's try to figure this out.
So who invented the faceted glass? It is rather problematic to answer this question. So, it is known that glasses with edges were produced under Peter I and were produced at one of the oldest glass factories in the city of Gus-Khrustalny. Many have no doubt that faceted glasses and glasses were produced even before the revolution.
In 1905, Carl Faberge exhibited his still life "Proletarian Breakfast". Interestingly, in fact, all this is made of fairly expensive materials. So a glass of vodka is crystal, a brick is made of jasper, the yolk is amber, a cigarette butt is made of a combination of quartz and silver, a fly is also made of silver, like a piece of newspaper. This work is valued at over $1 million.
In 1914, an automatic oven appeared at the Urschel glassworks, thanks to which they also set up the production of faceted glass.
We can observe a faceted glass in the painting "Morning Still Life" by Petrov-Vodkin, which he painted in 1918. It can be seen that the glass has 12 faces.
The attentive reader will notice that after all, this is not quite the design that later became popular, so we can still assume that it was Vera Ignetievna Mukhina, the famous Soviet sculptor who created the monumental sculpture “Worker and a collective farmer. There are also rumors that Kazamir Malevich helped her to develop the design.
Vera Ignatievna Mukhina was fascinated by glass in the late 40s. She was commissioned to invent a new shape for the glass so that in canteens it would be convenient to wash them in a dishwashing machine, as well as make them more durable. You may notice that the Mukhina glass has an intensifying ring on the top, which you will not see on other faceted glasses before.
The first faceted glass was produced on September 11, 1943 at the same factory in the city of Gus-Khrustalny. A standard glass has 16 faces, but there are other variations of 12, 14, 16 and 18 faces, less common with an odd number of faces, for example, 17, because it was inconvenient to produce them purely technologically. The volume of a faceted glass is 250 milliliters to the edge.
The volume of glasses could be: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 350 milliliters. The price varied from 7 to 14 kopecks and was indicated at the bottom of the glass by squeezing.
They say that Vera Ignatievna "invented" it together with the artist Kazimir Malevich, the author of the famous Black Square. According to another version, the unique form was suggested to her by her husband, who liked to skip a glass or two after work. Both are quite possible.
Mukhina's authorship has not been documented, but this is exactly what her colleagues are talking about. Their arguments are based on the fact that during the break between the creation of monumental sculptures, Mukhina paid a lot of attention to glass, collaborated with glass factories, and besides it is known for sure that she is the author of a beer mug . The sculptor's relatives insist on the same.
| Faceted cup- an indispensable attribute of the Soviet ... http://www.elite.ru/art_gallery/lifestyle/29/1895/1858/23615.phtml |
However, no less convincing is the version that the designer of the faceted glass was a Soviet mining engineer, later professor of geology Nikolai Slavyanov
, who discovered arc welding and proposed methods for the electrical sealing of castings. Thanks to this man, metallurgy in the Soviet Union reached unprecedented heights. And during his leisure hours, he painted a faceted glass with 10, 20 and 30 faces, although he offered to make it from metal. Sketches of glasses are preserved in his diaries. Probably, Vera Mukhina, who knew the scientist, could also see them, and then she suggested making a "drinking bowl" of glass. The first Soviet granchak left the assembly line of the oldest glass factory in Russia in the city of Gus-Khrustalny, Vladimir Region, in 1943.
Why did you need new glasses in the midst of the war? The Research Institute of Glass, which is located next to the aforementioned plant, explained that the enterprise did not stop at that time and produced "high-quality" dishes designed for the mass consumer. According to Yury Guloyan, doctor of technical sciences, deputy director for science at the Research Institute of Glass in Gus-Khrustalny, attempts have been made from ancient times to make a vessel for drinking laughing drinks from glass that would not break when falling to the ground.
Production of ribbed cups instead of round ones, it was being prepared before the war, when our engineers invented a dishwasher that can replace human hands only when washing appliances of certain shapes and dimensions. So, the granchaks were ideally suited for the miracle technique. And as soon as the faceted press was mounted, it was immediately put into operation. The multifaceted vessel fit into the proletarian five and turned out to be strong enough due to the "decent" thickness and some peculiarities of glass preparation. The raw material was boiled at a temperature of 1400-1600 degrees, fired twice and cut using a special technology. Rumor has it that even lead, which is used in compositions for crystal, was added to the mixture for strength.
According to legend, the first faceted glass made of dense glass was presented to Peter the Great by Vladimir glassmaker Efim Smolin, who assured the tsar that he was not beating. The sovereign, having drunk the intoxicating drink, without hesitation, threw the cup to the ground with the words "There will be a glass!"
It shattered into small pieces. However, royal wrath did not follow, but popular rumor later interpreted his call differently - "Beat the glasses."
Allegedly, since then, the tradition of pounding glassware during the feast has been carried on.
In the 17th century, a glass was called a dostakan, since it was made from planks ground to each other. Since then, the rim on top of modern faceted glasses has been preserved - in the past, a ring connecting wooden segments. According to other versions, the word glass is borrowed from the Turkic "tustygan" - a bowl or "dastarkhan" - a festive table.
It turns out that one can talk endlessly about the glass, but it is better to go to Nekrasovka and see everything with your own eyes. Absolutely free.
This is not a one-time project - this year is also the anniversary of the purse, come - we will note, - Galina Pavlovna invites half-jokingly, half-seriously.
Pour it!!! *** DRINKING TRADITIONS *** Interesting story
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What's happened "penalty glass"? In the 4th-5th century BC. the ancient Greek feast becomes a kind of cult. The number of dishes and drinks was not regulated, but there were rules of etiquette forbidding being late for a joint feast. The statutes have come down to us, which say that late to such an important event must pay a fine.
"100 frontline". During the Great Patriotic War, Voroshilov himself allocated them to the soldiers. Back in 1940, when Soviet troops got bogged down in the snow near Finland in a 40-degree frost, Voroshilov ordered to issue 100 grams to raise morale, and also as a warming agent. The official order to extradite the "People's Commissar" was issued on August 22, 1941 by the USSR State Defense Committee.
Health toast. Even under Ivan the Terrible, it was customary to call vodka various medicinal tinctures and potions. Such strong alcohol was taken exclusively for medicinal purposes. Now it is clear why "for health."
For three persons. In Soviet times, it was customary for a husband to give out a ruble for lunch. And the vodka cost two eighty-seven. If you want a drink, look for a third (hence the famous “will you be the third?”). And even change for Druzhba cheese will still remain.
Faceted glass. In the 17th century, such glasses were made from boards knocked together, hence the edges ... The first faceted glass was made in 1943 according to the sketches of Vera Mukhina. According to another version, the design of the famous glass belongs to Kazimir Malevich. Such a glass was distinguished by increased strength - when falling from a height of a meter onto a hard surface, the faceted glass remained intact.
There are 20 bottles of vodka in a box. In the pre-Petrine era, a bucket was considered the main measure of vodka. During the time of Peter I, a bottle appeared in Russia, it was borrowed from France. Since the standard bottle had a volume of 0.6 liters, exactly 20 bottles fit in the bucket. Based on these measures, trade documentation was maintained ...
An empty bottle cannot be placed on the table. The following legend tells about this: the Cossacks who returned from France after the military campaign of 1812-14 brought this custom. In those days, Parisian waiters did not take into account the number of bottles dispensed. It is much easier to bill - to count the empty bottles left after the meal on the table. One of the Cossacks realized that they could save money by removing some of the empty containers under the table.
Walking aid for the path. From ancient times in Rus', wanderers and travelers enjoyed special respect. Tramps were not loved, but strangers were welcomed. For wanderers walked around the wide world not from idleness, but from the need of the soul - they went to the pilgrimage (pilgrims) to holy places, on related and trading business. There were special prayers before the start of the journey and after its successful completion, there were also customs that were strictly observed.
Wanderers walked from village to village, from one cherished place to the next, leaning on staffs. The staff was both a support in long passages, and protection from the beast, from the dashing oncoming one. In a word, it was a friend-companion for many occasions.
Wanderers and travelers in front of a long road, no one knows what promises them, threw a knapsack on their backs, took a staff in their hands and stopped for a minute at the gate of their native or sheltered house. Then the cup was brought to the staff. Usually the eldest in the family poured it. The first - the one who was waiting for a long journey. At the same time, the slanders were different, but always with the wishes of good luck: “So that the road spreads like a white tablecloth”, “So that the hardship bypasses the side”, “So that the evil spirits do not lead astray” ... and others with the same meaning.
Sometimes a cup or ladle was literally placed on a staff, on its upper thickened cut. And they watched closely: if the cup did not tip over, it was a good sign. The person setting out on the road had to drink a glass to the bottom, leaving a few drops that should have been splashed over his shoulder - “wet the path”. After that, the cup was again placed on the staff, but already upside down - they say, the job is done.
Stirrup. This is a very old custom, also associated with the beginning of a difficult business - travel, hunting, military campaign. This is how it is seen: our ancestor-warrior easily jumps into the saddle, straightens the helmet, chain mail, sword. The stirrup supports him with a stirrup. And it is in this last minute of farewell that a stirrup cup (cup, goblet) is brought to him. The beloved wife brings a cup on a tray. And after the cup (goblet) is drunk, the warrior gives it to the stirrup.
Buried, Drain Buried Cup- the custom of the Cossack, steppe. In the old days, the Cossack villages were set up so that next to them - on the main roads - there were always ancient mounds. They housed guard posts, towers, signal fires, which were lit in case of danger.
Behind the mounds began a restless steppe, sometimes wild and uninhabited, full of dangers. And it was customary to see off respected guests and relatives precisely “behind the mounds”. And then how will fate deal with them ...
This duty - to see them off "behind the mounds" - belonged to the young, strong, and daring. And it turned out something like an honorary Cossack escort, when young Cossacks competed in dashing, demonstrated skill, horses and weapons. The more numerous the escort, the more honor and respect for those who left.
Finally, they stopped where their great-grandfathers stopped in such cases. Sometimes the “zakurgan bowl” (damask, goblet) was passed around, sometimes it was poured into camping mugs - for everyone and always for everyone, both those who were leaving and those who were seeing them off. They were not forced to drink - it was a personal matter.
They drank “zakurgannaya”, as a rule, without snacks, because they had just got up from the tables, and all thoughts were already on the road. They drank under the wishes of good luck, they were always silent for a short time so as not to accidentally frighten her away, and then they watched for a long time how the riders were carried away along the endless steppe road ...
And on the road, and stirrups, and barrowed - these cups, according to custom, were always drunk one at a time and were not repeated, as they were offered from a pure heart, and not from drunken needs.
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