Classification of food products into groups. Products for proper nutrition Classification of food objects

The health of a man, for the most part, depends on nutrition. Food should always be enriched with vitamins, minerals, enzymes that have a beneficial effect on the body. The product range is large, this makes it possible to diversify the diet, get the maximum benefit.

The article will allow you to find out the main groups of products, which ones to give preference to, how to fill your life with health and energy.

Classification of food groups

Proper nutrition has always been relevant, now even more people are paying attention to the food industry. Shops are overflowing with goods, unfortunately, not all of them are of high quality, you need to learn how to choose natural products. The enemy of wholesome food is fast food, from which we enjoy, at a time when it is difficult for the body to digest food. There is no benefit in such food.

Being healthy and beautiful is the task of everyone. Throughout life, a person is obliged to work on his diet and choose the right foods. Luckily, there is a wealth of information out there to help you learn more about food and food pairings.

Let's see what kind of food classification a man needs. Consider the following groups in the table:

This classification is not the only one, scientists in this field are increasingly studying groups of goods that have a beneficial effect on the human body. In this situation, if you familiarize yourself with this classification, you can see in general terms what is really worth using, how best to combine it so that it benefits the body.

What will this classification provide?

For everyone, health and well-being are important. It is very important for a man to always stay healthy, he bears a very big responsibility and must be in a healthy disposition of body and spirit. Adhering to the diet, respectively, the above classification, you can achieve the following:

1. Good health - includes proper nutrition, which affects the functioning of all organs of the body;
2. Avoidance of many diseases, in particular with the digestive organs;
3. Muscle tone - products, sports, contribute to the formation of muscles;
4. A huge amount of energy - starts the proper functioning of the body's organs;
5. Beautiful skin - no rash, wrinkles, color, elasticity and more;
6. Good health;
7. Longevity;
8. Preservation of youth for a long time.

Many have noticed how successful men look good. The phenomenon is associated with proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle, they are not distracted by health problems. A successful man looks good, his appearance inspires confidence in others.

A man must constantly review his diet, the body requires various vitamins that can ensure good health and appearance. You have no health problems, eat right, replenish your energy and health reserves. If you have health problems, it is best to consult a specialist, he will be able to make a diet that ensures good health. Eat right then you can know the eternal source of health and youth!

In the commodity science of food products, educational, commercial, and standard classifications are used.

Food products are also divided into types, varieties and varieties. There are natural (species) commercial varieties. The commercial grade of a product depends on its quality and is determined in accordance with the requirements of the standard.

In trading practice, the concept is often used range , which is understood as a set of types or varieties of goods, united on some basis. For example, the assortment of pasta includes pasta, vermicelli, noodles, etc. Assortment minimum - a list of goods that are mandatory for a given trade enterprise.

The basis educational classification the commonality of goods in terms of their origin or basic raw materials, similarity in chemical composition and use is assumed. Since educational classification groups goods according to more than one principle, it cannot be considered strictly scientific. According to this classification, food products are divided into nine groups:

grain and flour products - grain, flour, cereals, bakery and pasta. Products in this group contain a high amount of starch;

fruit and vegetable products – fresh fruits, vegetables, mushrooms and products of their processing. These products are distinguished by high biological value and low energy capacity;

sugar, honey, starch and starch products, confectionery . These products are characterized by a pleasant taste and aroma. Many of them are dessert or treats;

flavor goods - alcoholic, low-alcohol and non-alcoholic drinks, tea, coffee, spices, salt, food acids, as well as conditionally tobacco and tobacco products. They have pronounced tastes and aromas, contain substances that affect the nervous system. They are used in small quantities to improve the taste of food and stimulate appetite. The consumption of some of them, especially alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, is harmful to human health;

dairy products - milk and products of its processing (sour-milk products - sour cream, cottage cheese, cream, butter, cheeses, etc.). Many products of this group are recommended for baby and diet food. They are distinguished by high biological value and good digestibility;

dietary fats - vegetable oils, animal fats, margarine, cooking, confectionery and baking fats, mayonnaise. These products, in comparison with others, have the highest energy capacity, are a source of vitamins A, D, E, K;

meat products - meat of various animals and birds and products of their processing (sausages, smoked meats, canned meat, semi-finished products and culinary products). Meat products are one of the main sources of complete proteins;

egg products - bird eggs and products of their processing (melange, egg powder). These products are well absorbed by the human body and have a high biological value;

fish products - fresh, salted, dried, smoked, dried fish, canned food, fish caviar, as well as non-fish aquatic raw materials (crayfish, crabs, mollusks, algae, etc.). Fish products are a source of complete proteins, fats, vitamins and have a high nutritional and biological value.

By trade classification goods are grouped into the following groups:

bakery

fruits and vegetables

confectionery

wine and vodka

milk-oil

dietary fats

tobacco products

IN trading In practice, food products are divided into gastronomic And grocery.

TO group gastronomic goods include ready-to-eat products:

meat cooking

smoked meats

canned food

dairy

alcoholic drinks

and etc .

To the group grocery goods include

pasta

dried fruit

spices

Barcode classification

The SC principle is the coding of alphanumeric characters in the form of alternating black and light stripes of various thicknesses (bars and spaces), reading using a scanning device that decrypts codes and transmits information to a computer.

The first two digits indicate the code of the country where the organization that registered the manufacturer, his goods and assigned them serial numbers is located.

The country code may not match the country of origin of the product. Since the manufacturer or seller has the right to register in domestic or foreign data banks.

KRUPA

Groats are one of the most common food items. According to the content of basic nutrients, buckwheat, oatmeal and pea groats have the most favorable chemical composition.

The content of vitamins in cereals is different. The energy value of cereals is quite high. The physiological value of cereals is due to their influence on the activity of the body. Semolina and rice cereals are recommended for baby food due to their low fiber content and high digestibility. Oatmeal porridge has a slimy texture and has a positive effect on the activity of the human gastrointestinal tract. Groats containing a large amount of fiber (buckwheat, barley, oatmeal) have a beneficial effect on the digestive organs.

Cellulose (fiber) is a common polysaccharide. Most fiber is not absorbed by the human body. Its increased content in the product reduces its digestibility, nutritional value, worsens the taste.

The culinary advantages of cereals are characterized by the duration of cooking, an increase in mass and volume, and organoleptic indicators of the quality of cereals (taste, smell, texture). the most valuable are cereals that have a short cooking time - 15-25 minutes (semolina, Hercules, quick-cooking kernel), providing a large weight and volume weld, as well as cereals, cereals from which have a typically pronounced taste and smell, crumbly texture.

Groats are produced in a wide range. The classification of the assortment of cereals is based on the type of grain used and the technology of its processing.

Depending on the grain used, cereals are divided into types - wheat, buckwheat, oatmeal, barley, etc.; according to the method of grain processing - on varieties: whole, crushed polished, crushed unpolished, flattened; according to the content of a benign nucleus and impurities non-crushed cereals are divided into varieties (oatmeal, buckwheat, rice, millet), crushed - by grain size into numbers, and polished cereals (wheat, barley, corn) are divided into five numbers, and unpolished (barley) - into three; depending on the type of wheat semolina is divided into brands.

CRUPInew menu.

Grains are not only tasty and nutritious, but also extremely healthy. Cereals (especially unpolished) contain a record amount of vitamins, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc and other essential trace elements. In addition, adherents of a healthy lifestyle know that cereal dishes are rich in fiber and pectin, which absorb all harmful substances from the body. Cereals are especially indispensable in a lean, vegetarian menu.

It is not difficult to choose cereals: oatmeal, semolina, millet, buckwheat, barley and any other cereals, first of all, must be fresh and of high quality - taste, color, smell, the presence or absence of impurities. Humidity is also of great importance, because dry cereals can be stored without losing their properties for much longer. Do not use wet cereals, as well as cereals containing litter and impurities: sand, seeds of wild plants, unhulled kernels.

Especially often cereal dishes are prepared in restaurants of national cuisines. For example, the menu of a Russian cuisine restaurant includes a young domestic duck baked with giblets and buckwheat porridge.

As a rule, buckwheat, oatmeal, millet, semolina are used in restaurant kitchens, but it is especially popular rice- the real king of cereals.

Significantly less love pearl barley obtained from polished barley grains. And in vain - barley contains almost as much vegetable protein as soy, and in terms of its nutritional qualities it surpasses many other cereals. This cereal goes well with vegetables, herbs and mushrooms, you can cook soups and even salads from it. From crushed, but not polished barley grains, barley groats, rich in fiber and minerals, are obtained. Apparently, the popularity of pearl barley and barley groats is not facilitated by their "public catering", "army" past.

Many people prefer all other cereals buckwheat, which is famous for its bright taste and pleasant aroma. Useful, dietary and at the same time nutritious, buckwheat is rich in highly digestible proteins, starch, vitamins, magnesium and iron. Side of lamb or suckling pig with buckwheat porridge is one of the common banquet dishes. In addition, not only all kinds of cereals and side dishes are prepared from this cereal, but also delicious fillings for pies, and even special buckwheat pancakes.

Still not losing popularity millet obtained from cleaned millet grains. Crumbly milk millet porridge with cream or pumpkin, baked in a ceramic pot, is often included in the menu of Russian cuisine.

Millet groats contain "perishable" vegetable fats, so it should not be stored for more than two to three months. In order for millet dishes not to taste bitter, it is recommended to rinse the grits thoroughly with hot water.

Semolina, used for cereals and various puddings, is obtained from finely ground wheat. Thick semolina porridge with raisins and fruits, decorated with candied fruits, nuts and whipped cream, can be a good dessert. From wheat of a coarser grinding is obtained grits "Artek", which is cooked much longer than semolina, and differs from it in a bright yellow color.

Also, the recipe of some dishes includes whole, not ground wheat grains, freed from shells. For example, the vegetarian menu includes dietary salads made from slightly germinated grains of wheat, raisins, carrots, and other fruits and vegetables.

But numerous lovers of Georgian cuisine prefer hearty, tasty and easily digestible corn grits. In almost all Georgian restaurants, you can taste the exotic elarji - crushed corn dishes with cheese and corn porridge - hominy.

Corn groats, rich in starch, iron and vitamins, are part of the so-called quick breakfasts - corn flakes and muesli.

Favorite muesli- this accelerated and improved version of cereals - is a complex mixture of buckwheat, corn, oat, wheat, rice flakes mixed with nuts, seeds, raisins, pieces of dried fruit and brown sugar.

Porridge made from Hercules oatmeal is considered especially useful. To obtain herculean flakes, oats are thoroughly steamed, dried and crushed, and therefore the flakes are absorbed much better than whole oatmeal cereals, and the oatmeal porridge has a delicate taste.

Experts believe that Hercules dishes are optimal in terms of the ratio of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and microelements. However, each cereal is healthy, tasty and good in its own way, and you should not refuse cereal dishes, replacing them with all sorts of exotic products.

Light, tender, low-calorie, rice goes well with many products - fish, meat, milk, vegetables, fruits. For example, juicy duck breast in maple syrup, with fried vegetables, rice and citrus sauce will serve as a real decoration for any restaurant menu.

Soups, salads and side dishes, Mediterranean risottos and paellas, fragrant friable oriental pilafs are prepared from rice.

Japanese sushi and sashimi, so popular now, is a combination of viscous sticky rice with raw sea fish, seaweed, shrimp, soy paste, wasabi sauce.

There are many varieties of rice, the most common of which is long grain. Its large and long grains retain their shape after cooking and do not stick together, it is ideal as a side dish for meat and fish dishes. Long-grain rice, lightly polished, is called brown. Such cereals, which have retained the bran shell and germ, are especially beneficial for the body, as they contain all the original nutrients and vitamins.

Gourmets especially appreciate the royal jasmine rice, which is grown on the high plateaus of Thailand. These snow-white grains with a delicate taste and a wonderful milky aroma are used in oriental cuisine.

Rice dishes are in demand among restaurant visitors basmati varieties, which grows only in India at the foot of the Himalayas and is irrigated with the purest water from high mountain sources.

Great for salads and side dishes parboiled rice undergone special heat treatment. It retains nutrients and never sticks together during cooking. But health food lovers prefer wild black rice, which has a unique taste, which, as a rule, is consumed in a mixture with long-grain rice.

Buckwheat is divided into core And prodel.

Nucleus - This is a grain of buckwheat from which only the fruit shell has been removed. To increase the yield of cereals and improve its culinary properties, the grain is subjected to hydrothermal treatment before peeling. The color of unsteamed groats is gray with a greenish tinge, while steamed groats are brown in various shades. By quality, the core is divided into the highest and 1st grade.

Prodel - represents crushed buckwheat kernels, formed in the process of making buckwheat kernels. They are not divided into varieties.

Why cereals are good for children and adults?

Vitamin B1 - improves digestion, normalizes the functioning of the nervous system, muscles and heart.

Vitamin B2- maintains healthy skin, nails, hair, improves eyesight.

Vitamin B3- eliminates gastrointestinal disorders, increases blood circulation.

Vitamin B5- promotes wound healing, helps with infections, promoting the synthesis of antibodies.

Vitamin B6- promotes the absorption of protein and fat, helps prevent nervous and skin disorders. Vitamin B8- helps to eliminate general muscle weakness, helps in the treatment of dermatitis and insomnia.

Vitamin PP- strengthens blood vessels

Iron- increases resistance to diseases, restores good skin tone.

PASTA.

The main advantages of pasta over other flour products are the possibility of long-term storage without deterioration in quality and consumer properties, the speed and simplicity of cooking dishes from them (on average from 5 to 20 minutes), as well as high nutritional value. Traditionally, pasta can be stored for more than a year, because it has a low moisture content and there are no perishable additives in them (with the exception of flavoring and enrichment in some types). The high nutritional value is due to the content of protein - up to 10.4%, starch - 68.5%, sugars - up to 1.8%, minerals - up to 1.7%.

Pasta is divided into:

according to the type of flour from which pasta is made;

on the use of flavoring or enrichment additives;

in the form of pasta.

In the production of pasta, durum and/or highly vitreous soft wheat is used, which determines the color of the pasta flour (white or cream). It is possible to determine the type of flour used in the production of pasta by the protein content in the product: if 100 grams of protein products contain more than 11%, then the basis is durum wheat flour. Products with a low protein content are made from soft varieties of wheat crops.

When using flavoring or enriching additives, their names are added to the name of the variety (for example, higher, egg).

On the packaging of many imported products, the number of eggs per 1 kg of flour is indicated. High-quality pasta products are characterized by a high content of fresh eggs (more than 8 per 1 kg of flour). Red beets, tomatoes, cuttlefish ink and spinach are also added to the pasta, which determine the color of the product and additional nutritional value. For example, red beet products are fortified with vitamin C, antioxidants, and minerals, especially iron.

By shape, pasta is divided into tubular, thread-like and ribbon-like, as well as curly. They are produced in "plates" and tubes with a large diameter for the preparation of Italian cuisine. Some figured products are presented in the form of multi-colored animals, letters, houses - they are classified as children's products.

Pasta is referred to as instant noodles. Such a product is called sublimated, since moisture is already removed from the prepared product.

Keep pasta should be stored in clean and dry rooms at a relative humidity of not more than 70% and a temperature not higher than 30 ° C. Products can also be stored in unheated rooms at low temperatures. Proximity with goods having a specific smell is not allowed. Sudden changes in temperature and relative humidity should be avoided, as this leads to an increase in product moisture.

Everything that somehow came from plants is a product of plant origin - this is not new. And what is new is that in recent years people have begun to cling to these products en masse, believing that they contain the lightness of being. Of course, Tibetan monks have been practicing for a long time, but this is not about who is right. We must come to terms with the idea that animal products are the ideal source of protein, and plant-based foods provide us with carbohydrates, fats, and water- and fat-soluble vitamins.

There are many divisions of plant products. Someone prefers a simple classification - useful and not very useful, someone divides into tasty and disgusting, and the diet prefers a more detailed classification of plant products. By the way, they do not include algae and fungi.

So, food products of plant origin are divided into:

• fruits - they are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, fiber and plenty of water;
• vegetables - in addition to water and vitamins dissolved in it, vegetables also contain proteins and fats;
• grains - this category is famous for its high protein content and, accordingly, is very nutritious;
• berries - similar in composition to, but contain more organic acids;
• nuts - contain proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the most nutritious category of plant foods;
• herbs - contain many vitamins, insoluble fiber and essential oils;
• juices are a gentle variation of fruits and vegetables, because vitamins and sugars remain in solution, and the load on the gastrointestinal tract is minimal.

In general, plant-based products enrich our diet with carbohydrates due to their sugar content. Starchy foods (cereals, potatoes, beans) provide us with complex carbohydrates, while vegetables, fruits and berries provide us with simple ones.

After passing through the stomach, all sugars are broken down into simple sugars and either used or stored as glycogen in the liver.

As for protein, plant foods contain most of the amino acids that we need for life. True, the value of vegetable protein is underestimated due to the lack of some essential amino acids, which is why the best source of protein is animal products. The most "protein" among plant foods are:

One of the most important industries is the food industry, because every day the human body requires fuel - a variety of food products, both in natural and processed form. Their classification helps to systematize and streamline the terminology of the whole variety of food products.

In order to be able to efficiently and rationally produce, sell and store food, it is necessary to first classify them.

The classification of food products is a logical process of dividing the entire set of food products into groups of different levels of generality according to certain characteristics.

In commodity science, there are several classifications of food products, namely: educational, commercial, standard, economic-statistical and foreign economic. The first two are considered the most common.

The classification of food products has many purposes, namely:

• help automate the process of collecting and processing product information;
• facilitate the study of consumer properties of food products, the formation of a system of requirements for food products, accounting and planning of their turnover;
• help develop rational methods of packaging, organize optimal modes of storage and transportation of food products;
• promote the rational placement of goods on the trading floor and in the warehouse;
• create a basis for certification of food products;
• facilitate identification of consumer demand for food products.

To collect information about goods and their processing, different types of computer tools are used. The classification of software products according to the scope of use includes three main categories: system software, application software packages and programming tools. Application programs are responsible for processing various information.

In turn, the classification of applied software products is divided into the following types: text editors and processors, graphic editors, database management systems, spreadsheets; accounting systems, office work systems, financial analytical systems and others. All of the above software tools are used in the management of food products.

On the basis of purpose, all food products are divided into four categories:

1. Food products for mass consumption.
2. Therapeutic-dietary and treatment-and-prophylactic products.
3. Goods intended for feeding children.
4. Functional foods:

• fortified foods;
• physiologically functional food ingredients;
• probiotic foods;
• probiotics;
• prebiotics;
• synbiotics.

The classification of food products of the upper levels is carried out according to the most general features.

So, on the basis of origin, all food products are divided into four groups:

• vegetable products (cereals, vegetables, fruits, legumes, mushrooms, etc.);
• animal products (meat, fish, seafood, etc.);
• mineral origin (table salt);
• biosynthetic origin (vinegar).

On the basis of the chemical composition, food products are divided into:

• protein;
• carbohydrate;
• fatty;
• mineral.

On the basis of the degree of processing, food products are:

• raw;
• semi-finished products;
• ready.

Of course, this is not a complete classification of staple foods. Each group of food products hierarchically consists of smaller groups (species, varieties, varieties, etc.) depending on the raw materials, recipes, production technology and other unifying features.

The educational classification of food products into groups is used in commodity science to study the consumer properties of goods, the principles for the formation of these properties and their preservation. According to the above classification, all food products are grouped into 9 groups based on common origin, chemical composition, production technology, purpose and storage features:

• grain and flour products;
• fruits and vegetables and mushrooms;
• sugar, honey, starch and confectionery;
• dietary fats;
• meat products;
• fish products;
• dairy products;
• eggs and egg products;
• flavor products.

Educational classifications aim to study the range of goods, and the most important feature is the purpose of the food product.

Trade classification of food products into groups helps to rationally place goods on the shelves and organize their efficient storage. According to this classification, the following groups of goods are distinguished:

• bakery products;
• fruits and vegetables;
• milk and butter products;
• confectionery;
• meat and sausage products;
• fish and fish products;
• egg products;
• dietary fats;
• soft drinks;
• wine and vodka products;
• tobacco products.

In trade, the classification of food products provides for the conditional unification of all food products into groceries and gastronomic products.

The gastronomic group of goods includes ready-to-eat products, namely, sausages, canned meat and fish and smoked meats, cheeses, butter and other dairy products, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, and some condiments.

Food products can form a certain set of goods or assortment. Distinguish commercial and industrial assortments.

In the first case, the assortment of the enterprise (the range of goods that are sold in the store) and the assortment of the product group (dairy, meat, confectionery and other goods) are distinguished.

The industrial assortment includes goods that are produced at a given enterprise (enterprise assortment) or in a given industrial branch (industry assortment).

In ancient times, when the chemical composition of milk was not yet known, this product was often called "white blood" or "juice of life." And not in vain. After all, milk is rightfully considered the most complete food product, due to the content of 20 amino acids, more than 147 fatty acids and lactose (milk sugar), which is a storehouse of vitamins, microelements, enzymes and other useful substances.

Classification lends itself to both the milk itself and the products that are obtained from it. A special group is fermented milk products, which are the result of lactic acid or mixed (lactic acid + alcohol) fermentation of milk.

Meat products, like dairy products, belong to the category of consumer products. Meat contains all the essential amino acids in large quantities and in a ratio that most fully meets the needs of the human body. It is the main source of vitamin B12, phosphorus and iron, phospholipids and other nutrients for humans.

Baby food products are food products made from high-quality raw materials according to special recipes for children from the first days of life to 14 years. Children's nutrition should meet all the physiological needs of their growing organism, in particular, be complete in terms of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.

The complete classification of baby food products is very extensive. The most common feature for classification is the age of children for which food products are designed. In this regard, food products are distinguished:

• for young children (from 0 to 3 years);
• for children of preschool age (from 3 to 6 years);
• for children of school age (from 6 to 14 years).

• foods with a low water content (4-15%). This includes cereals, pasta, flour, dry milk mixtures;
• foods with a high water content (60-90%). These are vegetable and fruit purees, cottage cheese, kefir, meatballs.

According to the degree of grinding of products, children's food products are intended for:

• for children in the first months of life (they apply homogenization of nutrients with a particle size of 150-200 microns);
• for children from 6 to 9 months (rubbing with a particle size of up to 800 microns);
• for children from 10 months to 1.5 years (chopping into pieces up to 2000 microns);
• for children from 1.5 to 3 years (portions).

Canned food for baby food are:

• from vegetable raw materials (juices, purees, canned vegetables and fruits and vegetables);
• from meat raw materials (beef, poultry, pork, liver, heart, stomach and tongue).

A special place in baby food is occupied by dairy products, since it is they who replace the mother's milk for the child, in case of its absence, and are used as complementary foods. Depending on the purpose, the classification of dairy products for children looks like this:

• dry adapted mixtures for baby food;
• dry milk porridge;
• dairy products.

By type of products, dairy products for children can be:

• dry;
• liquid;
• pasty.

All food products tend to deteriorate over time. You can extend their shelf life by canning. To do this, it is necessary to create conditions that prevent the development of microorganisms and the activity of enzymes, which cause spoilage of products.

By canning methods, the classification of food storage is as follows:

• heat treatment (pasteurization, sterilization, freezing, cooling, the use of UHF currents);
• dehydration (sublimation, vacuum, solar or chamber drying);
• change in the composition of the medium (salting, pickling, pickling, adding sugar);
• the use of chemicals (the introduction of antibiotics, antiseptics and antioxidants);
• ionization by radiation.

Canning not only increases the shelf life of food products, but also expands their range, improves taste and increases calorie content.

Why is food classification necessary? In order to be able to comply with the rules for working with products in the process of their:

• production;
• storage;
• transportation;
• implementation;
• use.

Our body is designed in such a way that it needs nourishment and rest every day. If everything is clear with rest - this is, first of all, healthy sleep, then replenishment is not so difficult. Every person should eat. And not just once a day. It is necessary to eat right, as excessive consumption of certain types of goods can harm the body. The classification of food products is their breakdown into different groups in accordance with their characteristics and properties. To account for goods by groups in 2018, the All-Russian Product Classifier (abbreviated OKP) is used.

What is the all-Russian product code, where and how it is applied, we will consider further in the text. It is important to understand that the classification of products is of great importance not only on an industrial scale (confirmation of this is the All-Russian classifier), but also in local situations. For example, very often the principle of separate nutrition is used in various diets. It will not be possible to put it into practice if you do not know which group a particular product belongs to and whether it can be eaten with another. How do vegetarians know what they can't eat? They also use the division of supplies into groups, sometimes without even realizing it. After all, plant and animal food is also a classification of products. With the help of the OKP, product information can be processed automatically. This greatly simplifies the life of merchandisers and extras. OKP is also used in marketing research. Another purpose of the OKP is the inclusion of products in catalogs in accordance with their characteristics. Moreover, if today we, for the most part, will talk about food products and their classification, then the OKP has a larger significance, including all existing products on the Russian market in 2018.

The Russian food market is quite diverse. There are several types of classification. For the purpose of food products:

• general food products:
  • vegetable origin - everything that trees and plants give us (juices, berries, fruits, vegetables, grains, etc.);
  • animal origin (meat, fish, milk, eggs, edible insects, crayfish, crabs, shellfish, propolis, honey, etc.);
  • foodstuffs from the kingdom of mushrooms;
  • food from the kingdom of algae;
  • foodstuffs from the kingdom of microorganisms (for example, yeast);
  • inorganic (salt, sugar, etc.)
• dietary and preventive products (used in treatment);
• baby food:
  • age:
    • up to three years;
    • three to six years;
    • six to fourteen years of age;
  • water content:
    • low (cereals, mixtures, pasta, etc.);
    • high (mashed potatoes, minced meat, kefir, etc.);
  • crushing percentage:
    • children under six months;
    • from six months to nine;
    • from ten months to one and a half years;
    • from one and a half years to three;
  • canned food:
    • vegetable preserves;
    • canned meat.
  • edible goods designed to perform certain functions.

Taking into account the chemical component, there are:

• products containing proteins;
• products containing fats;
• products containing carbohydrates;
• products containing minerals.

Taking into account production processing:

• cooked;
• raw;
• semi-finished products.

Based on consumer properties, the following types are distinguished (educational classification):

• cereals and flour;
• vegetables, fruits, mushrooms;
• meat;
• fish;
• milk and milk products;
• eggs and egg products;
• honey, sugar, confectionery, starch;
• edible fats;
• flavor products.

Groups of goods used in trade (commodity neighborhood, etc.):

• meat and sausage products;
• bakery products;
• eggs and egg products;
• products of confectioners;
• vegetables and fruits;
• milk and milk products;
• dietary fats;
• fish and products from it;
• tobacco products;
• soft drinks;
• drinks with different alcohol content.

I would like to note that the all-Russian classifier of products, aka OKP, does not just break goods into groups. It gives a clear description of each product in accordance with its belonging to the group. The two digits that come at the beginning of the OKP code determine the group affiliation of the goods. Thanks to the following four digits, the all-Russian classifier determines the clear place of the goods in its system. Accordingly, the OKP code consists of six digits. The all-Russian code is assigned to each type of product, each unit of the commodity group. On the RightConsumer portal you can:

Naturally, it is very difficult, and most likely even impossible, for a simple person to learn such a list. To do this, you need to be a child prodigy. For this, computers (for example, computers) currently exist. You can always use the information posted on our website to satisfy your curiosity and your needs.

At the same time, if you still have questions on the topic, you can ask them to the consultants of the site at any time.

Communication with specialists takes place online and is completely free.

Each food group has its own classification. Dairy products are no exception. The classification of dairy products has the following structure:

• cream and milk itself;
• different types of cheeses made from cow's milk;
• dairy products;
• dry dairy products;
• canned food (condensed milk);
• oil;
• ice cream.

Milk, as a food product that undergoes certain processing, can have several types:

• milk;
• milk product;
• product containing milk;
• dairy compound product;
• milk products;
• secondary raw materials;
• milk drink;
• by-product of processing.

Milk has a classification depending on the process of its processing:

• raw - do not heat above 40 degrees;
• drinking - undergoes various types of processing (including thermal), the proportion of fat content cannot exceed nine percent;
• integral - not subjected to processing to settle the constituent parts;
• reconstituted - to create it, water is added to the original product (to concentrate, condensed milk or powdered milk);
• baked milk - drinking milk is processed for its production. It is heated to a temperature equal to 99 degrees and maintained at this temperature for a certain time, but not more than three hours;
• pasteurized, UHT-treated, sterilized - the product is processed at high temperatures to achieve certain qualities and increase shelf life;
• thermized - the product undergoes a healing process, a similar procedure is carried out with any milk processing (at the beginning or at the final stage).

According to the type and characteristics of milk may differ depending on the animal from which it is obtained. You can milk:

• cows;
• deer;
• mares.

Milk and dairy products can be classified according to different criteria. Just like any other food. If you have any questions on this topic, you can ask the consultants of the site for free.

Includes code(s) according to classifier OK 004-93 (OKDP) - 1542000, 1543000, 1544000, 1549000, 9411010, 1513030, 1513040, 1513050, 1513060, 1513070, 151308 0, except codes 1513230, 1513420, 1513430, 1513411, 1513480.

• 1513030 - Vegetables and fruits preserved for short storage using chemical preservatives
• 1513040 - Vegetables, fruits, mushrooms
• 1513050 - Canned fruits and vegetables
• 1513060 - Canned fruits, berries and fruits
• 1513070 - Vegetables, mushrooms, potatoes, dried fruits
• 1513080 - Pectins, spice extracts, seeds for industrial processing, dyes, fruit stones, pomace, other processed vegetables and fruits
• 1542000 - Sugar
• 1542010 - Sugar - raw cane, beet
• 1542020 - Sugar - sand and refined sugar
• 1542021 - Sugar - sand and powdered sugar
• 1542022 - Refined sugar
• 1542030 - Other sugar production products
• 1542031 - Molasses (molasses)
• 1542032 - Other pulp and production waste
• 1542033 - Organic food acids
• 1543000 - Cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery
• 1543010 - Cocoa
• 1543020 - Chocolate and chocolate products
• 1543030 - Sugar confectionery
• 1543031 - Iris
• 1543032 - Halva
• 1543033 - Marmalade, delights
• 1543034 - Marshmallow and Marshmallow
• 1543035 - Chewing gum
• 1543036 - Caramel
• 1543037 - Dragee
• 1543038 - Candies glazed with chocolate, chocolate-milk, sugar and fat glaze, fondant
• 1543039 - Other sugar confectionery
• 1544000 - Pasta, noodles and similar flour products
• 1544010 - Basic pasta
• 1544011 - Macaroni
• 1544012 - Vermicelli
• 1544013 - Noodles
• 1544014 - Figured products
• 1544020 - Other pasta
• 1549000 - Other food products not included in other groups
• 1549010 - Tea and products of its processing
• 1549020 - Coffee and its substitutes
• 1549030 - Food concentrates
• 1549031 - Food concentrates for first and second courses
• 1549032 - Sweet dishes and milk concentrates, ice cream mixes
• 1549034 - Dry food and canned food for children and dietary nutrition
• 1549035 - Dry drinks, concentrates and canned milk with coffee and cocoa, products for the production of lemonades and other drinks
• 1549036 - Flavoring spices, seasonings and additives (dry concentrates)
• 1549060 - Inulin, cooking sauces, mustard, yeast, eggs of birds without shell and other food products
• 9411010 - Food and beverage manufacturing services on a fee or contract basis
• 1513210 - Fruits and berries preserved with chemical preservatives
• 1513211 - Fruits preserved with sulfur dioxide
• 1513212 - Fruits preserved with sodium benzoate
• 1513213 - Berries preserved with sulfur dioxide
• 1513214 - Berries preserved with sodium benzoate
• 1513220 - Fruit and berry puree preserved with chemical preservatives
• 1513221 - Fruit puree, preserved with sulfur dioxide
• 1513222 - Fruit puree preserved with sodium benzoate
• 1513223 - Fruit puree preserved with sorbic acid
• 1513224 - Berry puree, preserved with sulfur dioxide
• 1513225 - Berry puree preserved with sodium benzoate
• 1513226 - Berry puree preserved with sorbic acid
• 1513227 - Puree - semi-finished fruit and berry products
• 1513229 - Cookings, supplies, fillings, puree - other semi-finished fruit and berry products
• 1513231 - Fruit juices preserved with sulfur dioxide
• 1513232 - Fruit juices preserved with sodium benzoate
• 1513233 - Fruit juices, fermented and fermented - alcoholized
• 1513234 - Berry juices preserved with sulfur dioxide
• 1513235 - Berry juices preserved with sodium benzoate
• 1513236 - Fermented and fermented-alcoholic berry juices
• 1513240 - Alcoholic fruits and juices
• 1513241 - Fruits in alcohol
• 1513242 - Berries in alcohol
• 1513243 - Spirited juices for alcoholic beverages
• 1513244 - Alcoholic juices for soft drinks
• 1513245 - Citrus infusions
• 1513260 - Salted, pickled and pickled vegetables
• 1513261 - Salted vegetables
• 1513262 - Pickled vegetables
• 1513263 - Pickled vegetables
• 1513270 - Fruits and berries, gourds and salted olives
• 1513271 - Soaked fruits
• 1513272 - Pickled berries
• 1513274 - Cultures of gourds salted
• 1513280 - Salted and pickled mushrooms
• 1513281 - Salted mushrooms
• 1513282 - Boiled mushrooms
• 1513283 - Pickled mushrooms
• 1513300 - Canned vegetable snacks
• 1513301 - Stuffed vegetables in tomato sauce
• 1513302 - Chopped vegetables in tomato sauce
• 1513303 - Chopped vegetables in fruit or vegetable-fruit sauce
• 1513304 - Vegetable caviar
• 1513305 - Salads and vinaigrettes
• 1513306 - Snacks
• 1513310 - Canned vegetables for lunch
• 1513313 - Second courses with meat
• 1513314 - Second courses without meat
• 1513320 - Canned natural vegetables
• 1513321 - Sweet corn
• 1513322 - Green peas
• 1513323 - Green beans
• 1513324 - Natural whole tomatoes (whole canned)
• 1513325 - Canned cucumbers
• 1513326 - Canned patissons
• 1513327 - Canned zucchini
• 1513328 - Natural sweet pepper
• 1513329 - Other canned food (cauliflower, olives, anzur)
• 1513360 - Vegetable marinades (canned)
• 1513361 - Tomato marinades
• 1513362 - Cucumber pickles
• 1513363 - Squash marinades
• 1513364 - Beet marinades
• 1513365 - Cabbage pickles
• 1513366 - Garlic pickles
• 1513367 - Onion pickles
• 1513368 - Assorted marinades
• 1513369 - Other marinades (eggplant, gogoshary, zucchini, purslane, pumpkin)
• 1513370 - Canned mushrooms
• 1513371 - Natural mushrooms
• 1513372 - Pickled mushrooms, boiled
• 1513373 - Mushrooms in vegetable oil
• 1513374 - Mushroom salads and appetizers
• 1513376 - Second dinner dishes with mushrooms
• 1513390 - Canned food - semi-finished vegetables
• 1513391 - Greens preserved with table salt
• 1513393 - Dinner dressings
• 1513394 - Sauce pastes
• 1513395 - Beet and carrot garnish
• 1513396 - Braised cabbage, marinades and appetizers with tomato
• 1513397 - Spinach and sorrel puree and spinach and sorrel mixture
• 1513399 - Other semi-finished products (salads, vegetable puree and other)
• 1513400 - Canned pickled and salted vegetables
• 1513401 - Canned pickled and pickled cucumbers
• 1513402 - Canned sauerkraut and salted cabbage
• 1513410 - Canned tomato (tomato products, juice, paste, puree and sauces)
• 1513412 - Pastes and purees
• 1513414 - Canned tomato children
• 1513421 - Natural juices without pulp
• 1513422 - Blended juices without pulp with sugar
• 1513423 - Juices with pulp and sugar
• 1513424 - Blended juices with pulp
• 1513425 - Blended juices with pulp and sugar
• 1513450 - Compotes, fruits and berries in natural juice, in wine, in sugar, in puree, in pulp
• 1513451 - Compotes
• 1513452 - Fruits and berries in natural juice
• 1513453 - Fruits and berries in wine
• 1513454 - Fruits and berries in sugar
• 1513455 - Fruits and berries in puree or pulp
• 1513460 - Jams, jellies, purees, sauces, pastes, seasonings, fruits and berries, pureed or crushed with sugar
• 1513461 - Jam
• 1513462 - Jelly
• 1513463 - Fruit and berry puree
• 1513465 - Fruits and berries, pureed and crushed with sugar, mixtures thereof
• 1513470 - Jam, jam, fruit and berry mixtures
• 1513471 - Jam
• 1513472 - Jam
• 1513473 - Confitures
• 1513475 - Fruit and berry mixes
• 1513481 - Natural fruit and berry juices
• 1513482 - Grape juices
• 1513483 - Fruit juices with sugar
• 1513484 - Fruit juices with pulp
• 1513485 - Juices from citrus fruits
• 1513486 - Blended fruit and berry juices
• 1513487 - Concentrated fruit juices, berries
• 1513490 - Fruit and berry drinks
• 1513510 - Fruit pickles
• 1513511 - Fruit pickles
• 1513512 - Berry marinades
• 1513513 - Assorted marinades
• 1513530 - Dried vegetables and potatoes
• 1513531 - Potato
• 1513532 - Bow
• 1513533 - Garlic
• 1513534 - Root vegetables
• 1513535 - Green peas
• 1513536 - Green beans
• 1513537 - Spicy vegetable greens
• 1513538 - Cabbage
• 1513540 - Dried mushrooms
• 1513541 - White mushrooms
• 1513542 - Black mushrooms, spongy, boletus, boletus, boletus
• 1513550 - Dried vegetable mixes, vegetable powders
• 1513551 - Mixes of dried vegetables and herbs
• 1513552 - First course mixes
• 1513553 - Vegetable powders
• 1513554 - Quick-recovery and fast-cooking dried vegetables
• 1513560 - Dried fruits, including mixtures, powders and dry purees
• 1513561 - Dried stone fruits
• 1513562 - Dried pome fruit
• 1513563 - Berries
• 1513564 - Grapes (raisins)
• 1513565 - Dried fruit mixes (dry compote)
• 1513566 - Fruit powders
• 1513567 - Dry fruit puree
• 1513570 - Freeze-dried food products
• 1513571 - Fruit and berry puree
• 1513572 - Juices with pulp
• 1513573 - Fruits and berries
• 1513574 - Snack dishes
• 1513575 - Ready dinner dishes
• 1513576 - Dessert dishes
• 1513577 - Mushrooms
• 1513580 - Packed biochemical vinegar
• 1513590 - Pectins
• 1513591 - Fruit pectins
• 1513592 - Vegetable pectins
• 1513600 - Extracts of spices and herbs
• 1513601 - Spice extracts
• 1513602 - Herb extracts
• 1513610 - Seeds for industrial processing and fruit stones
• 1513611 - Vegetable seeds
• 1513612 - Fruit and berry seeds
• 1513613 - Fruit stones
• 1513620 - Natural food dyes
• 1513621 - Natural food colorings from pomace of fruits or berries
• 1513622 - Natural food colorings from vegetable pomace
• 1513630 - Pomace
• 1513631 - Fruit and berry pomace
• 1513632 - Vegetable pomace
• 1513640 - Other processed vegetables and fruits
• 1542100 - Raw beet sugar
• 1542110 - Raw cane sugar
• 1542120 - Sugar
• 1542121 - Sugar beet sugar
• 1542122 - Sugar from cane sugar - raw
• 1542130 - Powdered sugar
• 1542140 - Sugar - refined
• 1542141 - Sugar - refined lump pressed crushed
• 1542142 - Sugar - refined pressed in cubes
• 1542143 - Sugar - refined pressed instant instant
• 1542144 - Sugar - refined lump pressed in small packaging (travel)
• 1542146 - Sugar - refined sand
• 1542147 - Refined powder
• 1542148 - Sugar - refined cast in heads
• 1542150 - Sucrose for champagne
• 1542160 - Liquid sugar
• 1542161 - Premium liquid sugar
• 1542162 - First grade liquid sugar
• 1542163 - Second grade liquid sugar
• 1542170 - Vanilla sugar
• 1542200 - Lemon sugar
• 1542210 - Vitaminized sugar
• 1542220 - Maple sugar
• 1542301 - Beet molasses
• 1542302 - Raw cane sugar molasses
• 1542303 - Refined molasses
• 1542311 - Fresh pulp
• 1542312 - Sour pulp
• 1542313 - Dried pulp
• 1542314 - Dried molasses pulp
• 1542315 - Dried red beet pulp
• 1542316 - Dried amide pulp
• 1542317 - Dried amidomineral granulated pulp
• 1542321 - L - glutamic acid (technical)
• 1542322 - Monosodium glutamate
• 1542331 - Sugar waste - regeneration waste
• 1542332 - Waste sugar - filter cake
• 1542333 - Sugar waste - sugar scraps
• 1543110 - Cocoa - powder
• 1543111 - Cocoa powder with added sugar
• 1543120 - Cocoa - paste
• 1543121 - Cocoa - fat-free paste
• 1543122 - Cocoa - full fat paste
• 1543130 - Cocoa butter
• 1543140 - Fat and liquid cocoa butter
• 1543150 - Cocoa processing waste
• 1543151 - Cocoa processing waste. Shell
• 1543152 - Cocoa processing waste. Film
• 1543153 - Cocoa processing waste. Skin
• 1543159 - Other cocoa waste
• 1543200 - Ordinary chocolate without additives
• 1543201 - Ordinary chocolate without additives fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543210 - Ordinary chocolate with additions
• 1543211 - Ordinary chocolate with powdered milk
• 1543212 - Ordinary chocolate with powdered milk and nuts
• 1543213 - Ordinary chocolate with powdered milk and other additives (coffee, raisins, cinnamon)
• 1543214 - Ordinary chocolate with the addition of candied fruits, raisins, honey, coffee
• 1543215 - Ordinary chocolate with skimmed milk powder
• 1543216 - Ordinary chocolate with additions fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543219 - Other plain chocolate with additions and fortified
• 1543220 - Dessert chocolate without additives and fortified
• 1543221 - Dessert chocolate without additions
• 1543222 - Chocolate medals
• 1543223 - Chocolate figures
• 1543224 - Dessert chocolate without additives fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543230 - Dessert chocolate with additions and fortified
• 1543231 - Dessert chocolate with powdered milk and cream
• 1543232 - Dessert chocolate with powdered milk and nuts
• 1543233 - Dessert chocolate with powdered milk and other additives (coffee, cinnamon, citrus crust and others)
• 1543234 - Dessert chocolate with nuts, caramel and waffle chips
• 1543235 - Chocolate figures
• 1543236 - Dessert chocolate with condensed milk
• 1543237 - Dessert chocolate with additions fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543239 - Other fortified dessert chocolate with additions
• 1543240 - Aerated dessert chocolate
• 1543241 - Aerated dessert chocolate without additions
• 1543242 - Aerated dessert chocolate with additions
• 1543250 - Chocolate with fillings
• 1543251 - Milk chocolate with fillings
• 1543252 - Chocolate bars
• 1543253 - Plain chocolate with fillings
• 1543254 - Chocolate figures
• 1543255 - Chocolate with fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic fillings
• 1543259 - Other chocolate with fillings
• 1543260 - Chocolate semi-finished products
• 1543261 - Fat glaze
• 1543262 - Chocolate glaze
• 1543263 - Chocolate hazelnut praline
• 1543264 - Medical and prophylactic semi-finished products
• 1543269 - Other types of semi-finished products
• 1543270 - Other types of chocolate products
• 1543271 - Powdered chocolate
• 1543272 - Chocolate spreads
• 1543273 - Special purpose chocolate
• 1543274 - White chocolate
• 1543275 - Soy chocolate
• 1543276 - Chocolate powder therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543277 - Chocolate with soy confectionery fat and sweet bars
• 1543300 - Iris semi-hard
• 1543301 - Iris semi-solid milky
• 1543302 - Semi-solid milk toffee with additions
• 1543303 - Iris semi-solid soy
• 1543304 - Semi-hard toffee with filling
• 1543305 - Semi-hard toffee with additives (without milk)
• 1543306 - Iris semi-solid fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543309 - Other semi-hard iris
• 1543310 - Iris semi-solid printed
• 1543311 - Iris semi-solid replicated milk
• 1543312 - Iris semi-solid replicated milk with additions
• 1543313 - Toffee semi-solid printed with additions (without milk)
• 1543314 - Iris semi-solid replicated fortified and therapeutic - prophylactic
• 1543319 - Other semi-solid iris
• 1543320 - Iris printed soft
• 1543321 - Iris replicated soft milky
• 1543322 - Iris replicated soft milky with additions
• 1543329 - Other printed soft iris
• 1543330 - Iris replicated viscous
• 1543331 - Iris drawn viscous amateur
• 1543339 - Other printed viscous iris
• 1543400 - Halva sesame (tahini)
• 1543401 - Halva sesame (tahini) without additions
• 1543402 - Halva sesame (tahini) with additions
• 1543403 - Halva sesame (tahini) glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543404 - Halva sesame (tahini) fortified
• 1543409 - Other sesame (tahini) halva
• 1543410 - Sunflower halva
• 1543411 - Sunflower halva without additives
• 1543412 - Sunflower halva with additions
• 1543413 - Sunflower halva fortified
• 1543419 - Other sunflower halva
• 1543420 - Nut halva
• 1543421 - Nut halva without additions
• 1543422 - Nut halva with additions
• 1543429 - Other walnut halva
• 1543430 - Halva peanut
• 1543431 - Halva peanut without additions
• 1543432 - Halva peanut with additions
• 1543439 - Other peanut halvah
• 1543440 - Halva combined
• 1543441 - Halva combined from sesame and peanuts
• 1543442 - Halva combined from sesame and cashew
• 1543449 - Halva combined other
• 1543500 - Fruit and berry marmalade
• 1543501 - fruit and berry marmalade molded
• 1543502 - Carved fruit and berry marmalade
• 1543503 - Marmalade fruit and berry layered
• 1543504 - Marmalade fruit and berry paty
• 1543505 - Fruit and berry marmalade glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543506 - Fruit and berry marmalade fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543510 - Jelly marmalade
• 1543511 - Molded jelly marmalade
• 1543512 - Carved jelly marmalade
• 1543513 - Figured jelly marmalade
• 1543514 - Chocolate glazed jelly marmalade
• 1543515 - Vitaminized and therapeutic jelly marmalade
• 1543520 - Delights
• 1543521 - Common delights without additions
• 1543522 - Lucuma extra without additions
• 1543523 - Honey - Turkish delight with additions (coffee, honey)
• 1543524 - Vitaminized delights
• 1543530 - Pastila
• 1543531 - Common marshmallow
• 1543532 - Pastila glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543533 - Medical and prophylactic marshmallow
• 1543540 - Zephyr
• 1543541 - Common marshmallow
• 1543542 - Marshmallow glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543543 - Zephyr therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543550 - Chewing gum
• 1543551 - Chewing gum without filling
• 1543552 - Filled chewing gum
• 1543600 - Candy caramel
• 1543601 - Candy montpensier and small figured other
• 1543602 - Common candy caramel
• 1543603 - Figured candy caramel
• 1543604 - Candy caramel in tubes
• 1543605 - Caramel candy type straws and loaves
• 1543606 - Caramel candy fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543609 - Other candy caramel
• 1543610 - Caramel with fruit, berry, fruit and berry and jelly fillings
• 1543611 - Caramel with fruit - liqueur, fruit - honey fillings
• 1543612 - Caramel with berry and berry-milk fillings
• 1543613 - Caramel with fruit and berry fillings
• 1543614 - Caramel with jelly fillings
• 1543615 - Caramel with fruit, berry, fruit and berry and jelly fillings, glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543616 - Caramel with fruit, berry, fruit and berry and jelly fillings, fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543619 - Caramel with fruit, berry, fruit and berry and jelly fillings other
• 1543620 - Caramel with liqueur and honey fillings
• 1543621 - Caramel with liqueur, liqueur-milk, liqueur-fruit, liqueur-chocolate fillings
• 1543622 - Caramel with honey fillings
• 1543623 - Caramel with liqueur and honey fillings glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543624 - Caramel with liqueur and honey fillings fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543629 - Other caramels with liqueur and honey fillings
• 1543630 - Caramel with milk and milk-nut fillings
• 1543631 - Caramel with milk, milk - coffee, milk - fondant, milk - liqueur fillings
• 1543632 - Caramel with milk and nut fillings
• 1543633 - Caramel with milk chocolate fillings
• 1543634 - Caramel with milk and milk-nut fillings, glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543635 - Caramel with milk and milk-nut fillings fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543639 - Other caramel with milk and milk-nut fillings
• 1543640 - Caramel with fondant and fondant - fruit fillings
• 1543641 - Caramel with fondant fillings
• 1543642 - Caramel with fondant - fruit fillings
• 1543643 - Caramel with fondant and fondant - fruit fillings fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543649 - Caramel with fondant and fondant - fruit fillings other
• 1543650 - Caramel with marzipan, nut and chocolate fillings
• 1543651 - Caramel with marzipan fillings
• 1543652 - Caramel with nut, nut-milk and nut-praline fillings
• 1543653 - Caramel with chocolate and nut fillings
• 1543654 - Caramel with marzipan, nut and chocolate fillings glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543655 - Caramel with marzipan, nut and chocolate fillings fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543659 - Other caramels with marzipan, nut and chocolate fillings
• 1543660 - Caramel with butter - sugar (cooling) and whipped fillings
• 1543661 - Caramel with butter - sugar (cooling) fillings
• 1543662 - Caramel with whipped cream fillings
• 1543663 - Caramel with whipped fillings
• 1543664 - Caramel with butter - sugar (cooling) and whipped fillings, glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543665 - Caramel with butter - sugar (cooling) and whipped fillings fortified and therapeutic - prophylactic
• 1543669 - Caramel with butter - sugar (cooling) and whipped fillings other
• 1543670 - Other types of caramel
• 1543671 - Caramel with double fillings
• 1543672 - Caramel glazed with fat glaze
• 1543673 - Caramel with chocolate, sunflower and corn fillings
• 1543674 - Caramel mixes
• 1543675 - Types of caramel glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543676 - Types of caramel fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543679 - Other caramel, not included in other groups
• 1543680 - Dragee with jelly and jelly-fruit body
• 1543681 - Ordinary dragee with jelly and jelly-fruit body
• 1543682 - Dragee with jelly and jelly-fruit body glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543683 - Dragee with jelly and jelly - fruit body fortified and therapeutic - prophylactic
• 1543690 - Dragee with caramel body
• 1543691 - Ordinary dragee with caramel body
• 1543692 - Dragee with caramel body glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543693 - Dragee with caramel body fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543700 - Dragee with liquor body
• 1543701 - Ordinary dragee with liquor body
• 1543702 - Dragee with liquor body glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543703 - Dragee with liquor body fortified and curative-prophylactic
• 1543710 - Sugar dragee (without body detachable from knurling)
• 1543711 - Sugar dragee (without body separated from knurling) ordinary
• 1543712 - Sugar dragee (without body detachable from knurling) glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543713 - Sugar dragee (without body separated from knurling) fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543720 - Dragees with praline, marzipan and walnut shells
• 1543721 - Dragee with marzipan body
• 1543722 - Dragee with walnut body
• 1543723 - Dragee with praline, marzipan bodies and walnut kernel body, glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543724 - Dragee with praline, marzipan bodies and walnut kernel body fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543730 - Dragee with fondant body
• 1543731 - Ordinary dragee with fondant body
• 1543732 - Dragee with fondant body glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543733 - Dragee with fondant body fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543740 - Dragee with a body of candied fruits, alcoholized or condensed fruits and berries
• 1543741 - Dragee with a body of candied fruit ordinary
• 1543742 - Dragee with candied fruits glazed with chocolate icing
• 1543743 - Dragee with a body of candied fruits fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543810 - Candies glazed with chocolate and chocolate-milk glaze with fondant body
• 1543811 - Candy with sugar fondant body
• 1543812 - Candy with milk fondant body
• 1543813 - Candy with fruit fondant body
• 1543814 - Sweets with fondant body made of milky-fruit fondant
• 1543815 - Candies with fondant body made of sugar and milk fondant
• 1543816 - Sweets with fondant body fortified and curative-prophylactic
• 1543819 - Other sweets with fondant body
• 1543820 - Candies glazed with chocolate and chocolate-milk glaze with liqueur, milk and fruit bodies
• 1543821 - Candies with liqueur and liqueur-jelly bodies
• 1543822 - Sweets with milk, milk-fruit, milk-chocolate and milk-marzipan bodies
• 1543823 - Candies with fruit and jelly-fruit bodies
• 1543824 - Candies with liqueur, milk and fruit shells fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543829 - Other sweets with liqueur, milk and fruit bodies
• 1543830 - Candies glazed with chocolate and chocolate-milk glaze with cream and whipped bodies
• 1543831 - Candies with cream shells
• 1543832 - Candies with cream-whipped bodies
• 1543833 - Candies with whipped shells
• 1543834 - Candies with cream and whipped bodies fortified and curative and prophylactic
• 1543839 - Other cream and aerated candies
• 1543840 - Candies glazed with chocolate and chocolate-milk glaze with fillings between wafer layers
• 1543841 - Sweets with filling between layers of wafers of milk chocolate fondant
• 1543842 - Candies with filling between layers of wafers cream
• 1543843 - Candies with filling between layers of wafers from walnut praline
• 1543844 - Sweets with filling between layers of fruit wafers
• 1543845 - Candies with filling between layers of wafers of chocolate and hazelnut praline
• 1543846 - Candies with filling between the layers of wafers fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543849 - Sweets with other fillings between layers of wafers
• 1543850 - Chocolate and chocolate-milk glazed candies with marzipan, walnut and praline shells
• 1543851 - Candies with marzipan shells
• 1543852 - Candies with nut and chocolate-nut shells
• 1543853 - Candies with praline shells
• 1543854 - Sweets with corn and praline shells
• 1543859 - Candies with marzipan, walnut and praline bodies fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543860 - Candies glazed with chocolate and chocolate-milk glaze with caramel-based shells and caramel-based shells
• 1543861 - Candies with roasted and jelly roasted shells
• 1543862 - Candies with caramel-based shells
• 1543863 - Candies with roasted shells and caramel-based shells fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543869 - Other sweets with caramel-based roasted shells and shells
• 1543870 - Candies glazed with chocolate and chocolate-milk glaze with combined bodies and chocolate layers
• 1543871 - Candies with combined shells
• 1543872 - Candies with chocolate layers
• 1543880 - Other types of sweets glazed with chocolate and milk-chocolate icing
• 1543881 - Fruits, berries, candied fruits in chocolate (glazed fruit)
• 1543882 - Sets
• 1543883 - Assorted
• 1543884 - Mixes
• 1543889 - Other fortified and therapeutic candies
• 1543890 - Unglazed fondant candies
• 1543891 - Non-glazed milk fondant candies
• 1543892 - Unglazed sweets from milk chocolate fondant
• 1543893 - Unglazed sweets from sugar fondant
• 1543894 - Unglazed sweets from cream fondant
• 1543895 - Non-glazed sweets fortified and curative-prophylactic
• 1543899 - Other unglazed sweets
• 1543900 - Non-glazed milk candies
• 1543901 - Unglazed milk fondant candies
• 1543902 - Non-glazed milk fondant sweets with additions
• 1543903 - Unglazed sweets with filling
• 1543904 - Non-glazed sweets fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543909 - Other unglazed sweets
• 1543910 - Unglazed roasted, marzipan, nut and chocolate-based sweets
• 1543911 - Unglazed roasted sweets
• 1543912 - Unglazed marzipan sweets
• 1543913 - Unglazed nut candies
• 1543914 - Unglazed chocolate-based sweets
• 1543915 - Non-glazed roasted, marzipan, nut and chocolate-based candies fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543919 - Other unglazed roasted, marzipan, nut and chocolate-based sweets
• 1543920 - Unglazed whipped and puff candies
• 1543921 - Unglazed whipped sweets
• 1543922 - Unglazed puff candies
• 1543923 - Unglazed aerated and puff sweets fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543929 - Other unglazed whipped and puff candies
• 1543930 - Bars unglazed
• 1543931 - Non-glazed milk-nut praline bars with confectionery fat
• 1543932 - Unglazed nut praline bars with confectionery fat
• 1543933 - Non-glazed chocolate-nut praline bars
• 1543934 - Non-glazed corn and milk praline bars
• 1543935 - Non-glazed soy milk praline bars
• 1543936 - Bars unglazed fortified and therapeutic and prophylactic
• 1543939 - Other unglazed bars
• 1543940 - Candy glazed with fat glaze
• 1543941 - Candy glazed with fat glaze with fondant bodies
• 1543942 - Candy glazed with fat glaze with milk hulls
• 1543943 - Candies glazed with fat glaze with roasted, marzipan, nut bodies on caramel and chocolate base
• 1543944 - Candies glazed with fat glaze with whipped and puff bodies
• 1543945 - Candies glazed with fat glaze with jelly shells
• 1543950 - Candy
• 1543951 - Sweets glazed with fondant and sugar glaze
• 1543952 - Cranberries in powdered sugar
• 1543953 - Candy tablets
• 1543970 - Oriental sweets
• 1543971 - Oriental sweets like caramel
• 1543972 - Oriental sweets like soft candies
• 1543980 - Other sugar products, not included in other groups
• 1543981 - Candied fruits
• 1544100 - Pasta
• 1544101 - Pasta made from premium wheat flour without enrichers
• 1544102 - Pasta made from premium wheat flour with enrichers
• 1544103 - Pasta from a mixture of different varieties and types of flour without enrichers
• 1544104 - Pasta from wheat flour of the first grade without enrichers
• 1544105 - Pasta from wheat flour of the first grade with enrichers
• 1544110 - Vermicelli
• 1544111 - Wheat flour vermicelli without enrichers
• 1544112 - Wheat flour vermicelli with enrichers
• 1544113 - Vermicelli from a mixture of different varieties and types of flour without enrichers
• 1544114 - First grade wheat flour vermicelli without enrichers
• 1544115 - First grade wheat flour vermicelli with enrichers
• 1544116 - Protein-free vermicelli from starch products
• 1544120 - Noodles
• 1544121 - Noodles made from premium wheat flour without fortifiers
• 1544122 - Noodles made from premium wheat flour with enrichers
• 1544123 - Noodles made from wheat flour of the first grade without enrichers
• 1544124 - First grade wheat flour noodles with enrichers
• 1544130 - Figured products
• 1544131 - Figured products from wheat flour of the highest grade without enrichers
• 1544132 - Figured products from premium wheat flour with enrichers
• 1544133 - Figured products from wheat flour of the first grade without enrichers
• 1544134 - Figured products from wheat flour of the first grade with enrichers
• 1544140 - Horns
• 1544141 - Horns of premium wheat flour without enrichers
• 1544142 - Horns of premium wheat flour with enrichers
• 1544143 - Horns from a mixture of different varieties and types of flour without enrichers
• 1544144 - Horns from wheat flour of the first grade without enrichers
• 1544145 - Horns from wheat flour of the first grade with enrichers
• 1544200 - Semi-finished pasta dough made from premium wheat flour without enrichers
• 1544201 - Semi-finished pasta dough made from premium wheat flour with enrichers, additives
• 1544202 - Semi-finished pasta dough made from wheat flour of the first grade without enrichers
• 1544203 - Semi-finished pasta dough made from wheat flour of the first grade with enrichers, additives
• 1544220 - Uncooked pasta stuffed with meat and other products
• 1544221 - dumplings
• 1544222 - Vareniki
• 1544229 - Pasta, uncooked stuffed with meat and other products, other
• 1549100 - Natural tea (varietal) packaged
• 1549101 - Natural (varietal) packaged long leaf black tea
• 1549102 - Tea natural (varietal) packaged long leaf green
• 1549103 - Natural (varietal) packaged slab black tea
• 1549104 - Tea natural (varietal) packaged slab green
• 1549105 - Tea natural (varietal) packaged long leaf black flavored
• 1549106 - Tea natural (varietal) packaged long leaf yellow
• 1549107 - Tea natural (varietal) packaged long leaf green flavored
• 1549108 - Tea natural (varietal) packaged loose type "Oslong"
• 1549109 - Natural (varietal) packaged long leaf tea with vegetable raw materials additives
• 1549110 - Commercial mix of tea
• 1549111 - Trade mix of long leaf black tea
• 1549112 - Commercial blend of long leaf green tea
• 1549113 - Commercial blend of long leaf black tea flavored
• 1549114 - Commercial blend of long leaf green flavored tea
• 1549120 - Tea of ​​primary processing (varietal)
• 1549121 - Primary processing tea (varietal) black
• 1549122 - Primary processing tea (varietal) green
• 1549123 - Primary processing tea (varietal) long leaf yellow
• 1549130 - Tea dyes
• 1549131 - Tea green dye
• 1549132 - Tea red dye
• 1549133 - Tea yellow dye
• 1549134 - Tea brown dye
• 1549140 - Instant tea
• 1549141 - Instant black tea
• 1549142 - Instant green tea
• 1549143 - Tea semi-finished product for instant tea
• 1549150 - Tea industry waste
• 1549151 - Tea dust
• 1549152 - Tea stems
• 1549153 - Sanitary scrap formed during packaging of long leaf tea
• 1549160 - Other tea industry products
• 1549161 - Natural brick green tea
• 1549162 - Liquid black tea concentrate
• 1549163 - Liquid green tea concentrate
• 1549164 - Non-alcoholic carbonated tonic drink
• 1549170 - Tea drinks
• 1549171 - Fruit tea
• 1549200 - Natural coffee
• 1549201 - Natural instant coffee
• 1549202 - Natural roasted coffee beans
• 1549203 - Natural ground coffee
• 1549210 - Coffee drinks
• 1549211 - Drinks with natural coffee without chicory
• 1549212 - Drinks with chicory without natural coffee
• 1549213 - Cereal drinks without chicory and natural coffee
• 1549214 - Drinks with natural coffee and chicory
• 1549220 - Chicory
• 1549221 - Instant chicory
• 1549222 - Fried chicory
• 1549223 - Dried chicory
• 1549250 - First dinner courses with meat
• 1549251 - Bean soups with meat
• 1549252 - Borscht, cabbage soup, beetroot soup, broths with meat
• 1549253 - Pasta meat soups
• 1549254 - Cereal soups with meat
• 1549255 - Vegetable soups with meat
• 1549256 - Soups with meat vegetables - legumes
• 1549257 - Soups with meat vegetables - cereals
• 1549260 - Meatless First Dinner Courses
• 1549261 - Bean meatless soups
• 1549262 - Borscht, cabbage soup, beetroot without meat
• 1549263 - Meatless pasta soups
• 1549264 - Meatless cereal soups
• 1549265 - Vegetable soups without meat
• 1549266 - Soups without meat vegetables - legumes
• 1549267 - Soups without meat, vegetables - cereals
• 1549268 - Fruit soups
• 1549270 - Second dinner courses with meat
• 1549271 - Bean porridge
• 1549272 - Cereal porridge
• 1549273 - Pasta, noodles
• 1549274 - Vegetable dishes
• 1549275 - Vegetable dishes - legumes, vegetables - cereals
• 1549276 - Fillings
• 1549277 - Other pilafs and rice dishes
• 1549280 - Second dinner courses without meat
• 1549281 - Bean porridge
• 1549282 - Cereal porridge
• 1549283 - Pasta
• 1549284 - Vegetable dishes
• 1549285 - Vegetable dishes - legumes, vegetables - cereals
• 1549286 - Krupeniki, cereal puddings, pilaf
• 1549287 - Omelets
• 1549290 - Other prepared bouillon cubes and soups
• 1549291 - Bouillon cubes
• 1549292 - Frozen first courses with meat (meat content not more than 20%)
• 1549293 - Frozen first courses without meat
• 1549294 - First courses with meat (canned meat - vegetables with a meat content of not more than 20%)
• 1549295 - First courses without meat (canned vegetables)
• 1549296 - First courses with mushrooms (canned food)
• 1549297 - Fruit soups (canned)
• 1549300 - Sweet dishes - concentrates
• 1549301 - Kissels on a fruit and berry basis (dry kissel)
• 1549302 - Mousses
• 1549303 - Jelly (dry)
• 1549304 - Dessert puddings
• 1549305 - Desserts (dry)
• 1549306 - Cocktails
• 1549310 - Mixes for ice cream
• 1549311 - Dry mixes for creamy ice cream
• 1549312 - Dry mixes for milk ice cream
• 1549313 - Mixes based on condensed milk products for ice cream
• 1549320 - Milk concentrates
• 1549321 - Kissel milk
• 1549322 - Jelly creams
• 1549323 - Custards
• 1549390 - Canned vegetables for children and diet food
• 1549391 - Homogenized preserves
• 1549392 - Pureed canned food
• 1549393 - Canned food cut into pieces
• 1549394 - Other canned vegetables
• 1549400 - Canned fruits and berries for children, dietary and diabetic nutrition
• 1549401 - Homogenized canned baby food
• 1549402 - Canned baby food
• 1549403 - Baby food juices
• 1549404 - Dietary canned fruits
• 1549405 - Diabetic canned fruits
• 1549410 - Powdered milk (replacing mother's) and powdered milk formulas for infants
• 1549411 - Powdered milk for infants
• 1549412 - Milk mixtures "Baby" and "Baby"
• 1549440 - Milk mixtures with decoctions or flour, cereal flour
• 1549441 - Milk mixtures with decoctions
• 1549442 - Milk mixtures with flour
• 1549444 - Fortified cereal flour
• 1549445 - Non-vitaminized cereal flour
• 1549450 - Dairy porridges and jelly
• 1549451 - Various milk porridges
• 1549452 - Dairy jelly
• 1549460 - Diet food
• 1549461 - Dietary flour (mixes)
• 1549470 - Vegetable mixes
• 1549471 - Vegetable mixes with meat
• 1549472 - Vegetable mixes without meat
• 1549480 - Dry kvass
• 1549481 - Dry fruit kvass
• 1549490 - Dairy drinks - concentrates (cocoa and coffee)
• 1549491 - Coffee with milk or cream
• 1549492 - Cocoa with milk or cream
• 1549493 - Instant coffee with milk
• 1549500 - Canned food based on condensed milk and cream with sugar (cocoa and coffee)
• 1549501 - Cocoa with condensed cream and sugar
• 1549502 - Natural coffee with condensed cream and sugar
• 1549503 - Cocoa with condensed milk and sugar
• 1549504 - Coffee with condensed milk and sugar
• 1549510 - Vegetable syrups
• 1549520 - Fruit and berry extracts, syrups - semi-finished products
• 1549521 - Fruit extracts
• 1549522 - Berry extracts
• 1549523 - Fruit and berry syrups - semi-finished products
• 1549590 - Spices (dry concentrates)
• 1549591 - Spices. Leaves (bay leaf)
• 1549592 - Spices. Roots
• 1549593 - Spices. seeds
• 1549594 - Spices. Fruit
• 1549595 - Spices. Bark
• 1549596 - Spices. Flowers and their parts
• 1549600 - Mixed spices
• 1549601 - Mixtures of spices for sausages
• 1549602 - Mixtures of spices for meat, fish, vegetable dishes
• 1549603 - Spice mixes for home canning vegetables
• 1549604 - Mixed spices with salt
• 1549605 - Mixed spices with sugar
• 1549610 - Artificial honey
• 1549620 - Flavoring additives and spices
• 1549621 - Hydrolysates
• 1549622 - Protein pastes
• 1549623 - Citric acid
• 1549624 - Lactic acid
• 1549626 - Vanilla
• 1549627 - Vanillin
• 1549690 - Inulin
• 1549780 - Mayonnaise products (mayonnaise)
• 1549781 - Table mayonnaise
• 1549782 - Mayonnaise with spices
• 1549783 - Mayonnaise with flavoring and gelling additives
• 1549784 - Diet mayonnaise
• 1549790 - Mayonnaise creams
• 1549791 - Mayonnaise dessert creams
• 1549800 - Cooking sauces
• 1549801 - Cooking soy sauces
• 1549802 - Ketchup and other tomato sauces
• 1549803 - Horseradish
• 1549809 - Other sauces
• 1549810 - Mustard powder, prepared mustard
• 1549811 - Cooked mustard
• 1549812 - Mustard powder
• 1549820 - Baker's yeast
• 1549821 - Baker's yeast pressed packaged
• 1549822 - Pressed baker's yeast bulk
• 1549823 - Dry baker's yeast
• 1549824 - Ready-made baking powders
• 1549830 - Brewer's yeast
• 1549840 - Cultures of yeasts, yeast-like fungi and lactic acid bacteria
• 1549841 - Active cultures of yeast, yeast-like fungi and lactic acid bacteria
• 1549842 - Dead cultures of yeast, yeast-like fungi and lactic acid bacteria
• 1549880 - Eggs of birds without shells and yolks, fresh, dried, boiled, frozen or otherwise preserved
• 1549890 - Protein hydrolysates
• 1549891 - Protein hydrolysates from corn gluten
• 1549892 - Protein hydrolysates from wheat gluten
• 1549893 - Protein hydrolysates from sorghum gluten
• 1549894 - Protein hydrolysates from potato pulp and cell juice
• 1549900 - Food vinegar and its substitutes obtained from acetic acid
• 1549901 - Natural apple cider vinegar
• 1549902 - Natural food wine vinegar
• 1549903 - Food table vinegar (from wood chemical acetic acid)
• 1549904 - Other food vinegar
• 1549910 - Malt extract
• 1549920 - Syrups
• 1549921 - Fruit syrups
• 1549922 - Berry syrups
• 1549923 - Syrups on bread raw materials
• 1549924 - Other syrups

Goods, works and services are included in the group "Other food products not included in other groups" in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of June 7, 2011 N 273. Information for government customers placing purchases under 94-FZ.

Trade classification

According to the trade classification, the following groups of goods are distinguished: bakery, confectionery, fruits and vegetables, tea, coffee, juices, water, wine and vodka, meat, fish, dairy, tobacco products.

In addition, in trade, food products can be divided into grocery and gastronomic groups. The grocery group includes flour, cereals, pasta, tea, coffee, salt, sugar, vegetable oil, spices and other goods; in the gastronomic, as a rule, ready-to-eat products - sausages, ham products (meat gastronomy), smoked, dried, baked fish, balyk products (fish gastronomy), butter, sour cream, cheeses (dairy gastronomy) and canned food. Within the group, according to the standard, goods are distinguished by types, types, varieties (depending on origin or production) and varieties (depending on quality indicators). A commercial grade is a gradation of the quality of a product of a certain type according to one or more quality indicators, established by regulatory documentation . So, there are types of coffee of natural origin: Brazilian, Indian, Colombian, etc.; depending on production - raw or fried, in grains, ground or soluble without sediment. In terms of quality, coffee beans and ground coffee are of the highest and 1st commercial varieties. Fresh fruits, berries, and vegetables have different natural varieties according to biological characteristics. For fruits and berries, they are called pomological, for grapes - ampelographic, for vegetables - economic and botanical. In fish, families are distinguished (family of sturgeon, salmon, herring, etc.), genera. An assortment is a set of species, varieties, names of goods united by what or a sign. It can be industrial (industrial) and commercial. Industrial assortment - the composition of products by types, types, grades, brands, produced by a particular industry or a separate enterprise. The trading assortment is called the range of goods sold through wholesale and retail trade organizations. The concept of rational and balanced nutrition, which contributes to the improvement of the culture of consumption and the formation of reasonable needs of people, requires the improvement of the assortment of food products.

Food labeling

In accordance with the law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights", food packaging must contain the following information:

Name, address of the manufacturer, other contact information, Name of the product and its consumer properties (composition, weight, grade, caliber, nutritional value, energy value, storage conditions, preparation method, etc.), Standards on the basis of which this product is produced (GOST , TU), or to which it corresponds (sign of the Russian Standard), Production time and shelf life of the goods.

The main labeling carriers for food products are goods, packaging, labels, control sheets, inserts, and price tags.

Directly the goods can be marked by applying a brand or stamp. The brand is applied to products such as meat, offal, meat products, eggs. There are several ways to apply the brand - burning or applying a special paint. And also stamps can be pressed in, a typical example is cheese marking, or squeezed out. The stamp is also often applied directly to the packaging of the product, for example, data such as the manufacturer's code number, batch number and date of manufacture are usually stamped on tins of canned meat and fish. Similar stamps, only applied with paint, can be seen on the packaging of dairy and fat-and-oil products, for example, stamps are applied to packages of milk and kefir, packs of cottage cheese and butter.

In situations where the packaging is not intended for the application of information, a label is affixed to it. The label usually contains the above mandatory information about the product, but its paper base allows you to get a quality label in terms of printing, design and color.

Another information carrier can be an insert, which is often used in the confectionery industry, for example, an insert can be seen in colorful boxes of chocolates or packages of cookies. And the last information carrier for food products is the price tag, which provides information about the retail price of the product.

Markings such as trademarks, bar coding, anti-counterfeiting marks, eco-labels and prestige marks are becoming increasingly important today.

A trademark is an individual name of a product, a kind of guarantee of the declared quality, and the consumer today is becoming more and more picky and demanding. Trademarks are actively created, used and promoted by food manufacturers, this trend is already spreading even to such unified products as canned meat, fish and dairy, cereals.

It is relevant today to apply a bar code to food packaging, because many retail chains, supermarkets and large grocery stores are introducing automated accounting systems based on the use of a bar code on packages. A barcode is a type of encoding information about a product, which is represented by a sequence of strips of a certain height, but of different widths. The barcode is read by special lasers and allows you to control the process of goods movement. In our country, the EAN-13 (European Article Numbering) bar coding standard is supported, which includes a sequence of 13 strokes that carry information about the country, manufacturer and product code. Manufacturers wishing to place a bar code on their product packaging must be prepared to purchase special equipment for its application, and some work to develop this procedure. Indeed, in order for the barcode on the package to really “work”, and not just serve as an ornament, certain conditions for its application must be observed.

You can often find prestige marks on packages. Such labeling has the function of an emotional stimulus, it includes such signs as "The Best Product on the Russian Market", "Product of the Year", and other signs confirming the success of the product when participating in various exhibitions and competitions. This marking, as it were, guarantees the quality of the product, stimulating the purchase by the consumer.

Eco-labeling is very popular today abroad, as ecology is one of the global problems today. Environmental symbols can have several meanings: confirm the environmental friendliness of the product, confirm the recyclability of packaging, encourage care for the environment, for example, a label calling for throwing away packaging when using a product only in trash cans.

Popular in our country and this type of marking, as signs of protection against counterfeiting. After all, for some groups of goods, the percentage of counterfeit and low-quality products reached a value of 70-80% a few years ago.

Manufacturers who have serious intentions regarding the domestic market have to not only individualize their product with the help of a trademark, but also work out systems for protecting products from counterfeiting, various stamps, watermarks, packaging forms, etc. This is the type of label that neither producers nor consumers would like to meet, especially in the food market.

Food labeling is one of the ways to provide consumers with their product, so manufacturers should be careful about its application, especially if the product is food. With proper application of markings on a product, packaging or label, marking can become one of the factors for successful marketing.

Labeling of packaging materials

« Der Grune Punkt". Green dot. Since 1990, it has been placed on packaging materials, and means that the manufacturer guarantees the acceptance and recycling of labeled packaging material. Used in Germany, France, Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, Austria, Spain and Portugal and several other countries:

Triangle of three arrows - " Möbius loop”, means that the material from which the packaging is made can be recycled, or that the packaging is partially or completely made from recycled materials:

Recyclable plastic sign. This sign is placed on all types of polymer packaging. Plastic packaging is divided into 7 types of plastics, each of them has its own digital symbol, which manufacturers apply to inform about the type of material, the possibilities of its processing and to simplify the sorting procedure before sending the plastic for recycling and recycling:

The number indicating the type of plastic is located inside the triangle. Under the triangle is an alphabetic abbreviation indicating the type of plastic:

1. PET or PAT- polyethylene terphthalate. Used for the manufacture of packaging (bottles, cans, boxes, etc.) for bottling soft drinks, juices, water. Also, this material can be found in packages for various types of powders, bulk food products, etc. Very well recyclable and reusable.
2. HDPE or LDPE– high pressure polyethylene. Used to make mugs and bags for milk and water, bottles for bleach, shampoos, detergents and cleaners. For making plastic bags. Canister for engine and other machine oils, etc. Very well recyclable and reusable.
3. PVC or PVC- polyvinyl chloride. It is used for packing liquids for washing windows, edible vegetable oils. Cans are made from it for packaging bulk food products and various kinds of edible fats. And it is this plastic that is practically not recyclable. Moreover, there is evidence that the carcinogen vinyl chloride contained in it has the ability to penetrate into food, and then into the human body. Also for the production of PVC, many additives are used that are very toxic to humans: phthalates, heavy metals, etc. And yet, the process of production, use and disposal of PVC is accompanied by the formation of a large amount of dioxins (the most dangerous poisons) and other extremely toxic chemicals.
4. LDPE or HDPE- low-pressure polyethylene. Used in the production of plastic bags, flexible plastic packaging and some plastic bottles. Good for recycling and reuse.
5. PP or PP- polypropylene. Bottle caps, discs, syrup and ketchup bottles, yogurt cups, and film packaging are made from it.
6. PS or PS- polystyrene. It is used in the production of pallets for meat and poultry, containers for eggs.
7. OTHER or OTHER. A mixture of various plastics or polymers not listed above. Packaging marked with this number cannot be recycled and ends its life cycle in a landfill or in an incinerator.
Among the signs used on the territory of Russia, it is used Mark of Compliance of the System of Mandatory Certification for Environmental Requirements.

Foods for proper nutrition form the basis of a healthy human diet. What is the correct diet? What is included in the concept of "products for proper nutrition"? How to choose the right diet that best suits the needs of the body?

Proper nutrition: what to eat to be healthy?

Before determining what foods for proper nutrition are, it is necessary to understand the concept of proper nutrition itself, what foods to eat, in what quantities and in what ways to process them. Proper nutrition involves an integrated approach to the organization of nutrition that satisfies all the body's needs for nutrients and energy value, contributing to its growth and development. The system of proper nutrition includes the organization of the diet and the diet itself. Proper nutrition is governed by certain principles:

• The balance of the energy value of the diet and the energy costs of a person is the correct organization of the diet;
• The balance of vitamins, micro and macro elements, as well as proteins, fats and carbohydrates;
• Proper distribution of food during the day - the correct organization of the diet;
• The actual diet (number of meals, intervals between meals);
• Methods of cooking;
• Individual factors: age, weight, social status, lifestyle, general health, which determine the needs of the body at a certain point in time.

Having organized a proper diet, what to eat and what foods to give preference to remains a paramount task. Products for proper nutrition, first of all, must be safe for human health, which is determined by their freshness and shelf life, the content of harmful plant impurities, biological objects, hazardous chemical compounds in their composition.

Any "healthy" product can be transferred to the category of "harmful" by applying heat treatment methods (for example, frying in animal fat), adding fatty sauces, unnatural seasonings, combining with easily digestible carbohydrates.

Products for proper nutrition: the basis of a healthy diet

Conventionally, all products present in the human diet can be divided into harmful and useful. The list of harmful products includes:

• All fried food. However, the roasting methods used must be taken into account. For example, light frying in olive oil will be less harmful than frying foods in animal fats;
• Sweet carbonated drinks, as well as drinks made from dry mixes;
• Sausages and semi-finished products, smoked meats and fish, canned food;
• High-fat fermented milk products, cottage cheese desserts, fruit yoghurts;
• Most confectionery;
• Snacks (chips, nuts, crackers and other delicacies);
• Products containing dyes in high concentrations;
• Chocolate bars, milk chocolate with and without fillings;
• Fatty meats;
• Animal fats;
• All dishes from the menu of fast food restaurants, as well as fast food products;
• Any alcoholic drinks;
• Sweets and bakery products.

The list of healthy foods for proper nutrition includes:

• Cereals - buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat, rice cereals;
• Low-fat varieties of meat and fish;
• Dairy products low in fat;
• Fresh fruits and vegetables;
• Purified water, green tea, freshly squeezed juices;
• Dark chocolate, honey, dried fruits
• Vegetable fats;
• Whole wheat bread;
• Eggs;
• Legumes.

The choice of products for proper nutrition is not limited to these lists, but it is the basis of a healthy diet, which today will help eliminate harmful foods from the diet, replacing them with "healthy" alternatives.

Proper nutrition: what is the best food for a person?

Currently, there are many tips from nutritionists on the organization of proper nutrition. What is the best food for a person? The organization of a healthy diet should be approached based on individual factors. The choice of products for proper nutrition is determined not only by the parameters of their safety, harmfulness and usefulness, but also by a person’s age, health status, concomitant diseases, and lifestyle.

During the period of active growth, the body needs foods of high nutritional value. The range of products for proper nutrition can be significantly limited by diseases of the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the state of a person (nutrition during pregnancy and after childbirth, during the recovery period after illness, athlete's nutrition before competitions).

Lifestyle largely determines the energy value of a person's diet, its composition. With concomitant problems of excess weight, impaired metabolism, it is also necessary to carefully approach the choice of products, enriching the diet with fiber, low-fat foods.

The main principle of proper nutrition, which contributes to the normal functioning of the body, is moderate food intake. Excessive consumption of even products for proper nutrition will cause significant harm to the body in the form of dysfunction and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, hormonal imbalance, mental disorders, discomfort, severity, obesity, limited lifestyle.

Food safety: what to cut out of your diet

Food safety is one of the most important factors for a healthy lifestyle. The safety of products is determined not only by their quality, composition, but also by freshness at the stage of their use. The content of chemical compounds, radionuclides, biological substances, harmful plant impurities in products is a threat to human health. Contamination of food products can be of physical, chemical and microbial origin (the content of impurities of foreign bodies in products, the content of pesticides and nitrates, microorganisms).

How to secure your diet? When choosing safe foods for proper nutrition, it is necessary to exclude:

• Products containing GMOs - the legislation regulates the mandatory presence of labeling on product packaging indicating the presence or absence of GMOs in their composition;
• Products with a high content of additives that change their aroma, color and taste;
• Long shelf life products.

Food safety also depends on where they are sold (specialized stores, spontaneous markets). Long-term use of products containing additives and GMOs significantly worsens the quality of the diet and significantly affects the state of human health, manifests itself in the form of increased fatigue, decreased ability to work, mental disorders, discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract, its dysfunction, and allergic reactions of the body. The main products containing the largest amount of food additives are smoked meats, fish and meat delicacies, sausages, yoghurts (products undergoing industrial processing, mixing process).