What does drinking beer do every day? Alcohol abuse and heart disease

Many people believe that beer is a fairly harmless liquor. However, scientists who study the problem of alcoholism say that it is impossible to separate alcoholic beverages according to their degree of harmfulness. In fact, none of them are harmless.

Producers of beer impose advertising on society, which is aimed at increasing its sales. She claims that beer is a low-alcohol drink and even healthy. But it's not. Some beers have a high alcohol content. It reaches 14%, almost like in wines. In the Soviet Union, the strength of beer was only 1.5 - 2.8%.

Drinking people do not consider "beer alcoholism" such a serious disease as "vodka" or "wine". But in vain. After all, its consequences for the body are much more destructive.

Symptoms and signs of beer alcoholism

The development of beer alcoholism is slower than its other types. Dependence on beer has its own characteristics and this allows us to consider it a separate type of alcohol addiction.

And although gambrinism (from the Latin gambrinismus- beer alcoholism) among physicians is considered not entirely correct, and such a diagnosis has not yet been made to anyone, but nevertheless this term is quite often used in the media. Narcologists dislike the expression "beer alcoholism" because, by analogy, wine, vodka and cognac addictions should be distinguished. And yet, some scientists argue that gambrinism is a special form of alcoholism.

The basic principle of the development of dependence on beer is “long and almost imperceptible”. A person who consumes no more than 2 bottles of beer a day does not feel any special changes in his condition. Just pleasant relaxation. However, behind his short periods lies real alcoholism. It reinforces in the brain an irresistible desire to experience this state on a daily basis and leads to frequent drinking of beer.

Signs characteristic of beer alcoholism are:

• Drinking beer in the morning to get rid of a hangover.
• Insomnia at night and.
• Regular (every day) consumption of beer at least 1 liter.
• Inability to relax without stimulants.
• Aggression during periods of forced sobriety, irritability during the disruption of planned drinks.
• An increase in the abdomen, which is often called beer.

If at first a person does not drink beer every day, then later he wants to use a foamy drink more and more often. It ends with the fact that the drinker is unable to refuse his daily use. The dose of the drunk potion is increased many times over. In very severe cases, an alcoholic can consume up to 15 liters of drink per day.

With beer alcoholism, a hangover is similar to that of ordinary alcoholism, but it is removed much harder. In addition to the fact that the patient has a headache, he is also tormented by severe diarrhea.

Female beer alcoholism

Many of the symptoms of beer alcoholism in women are the same as those in men. But besides them, there are such signs as:

• Unwillingness to take care of the family.
• Capriciousness
• Self-digging.
• Tearfulness.

Beer alcoholism in women develops faster and is much more difficult to treat. Therefore, at the slightest manifestation of it, it is urgent to contact a narcologist and follow all his instructions.

Beer addiction in teenagers

Teenage beer alcoholism is just as common as adults. It is aggravated by the fact that the child, due to his own naivety, cannot realize the perniciousness of the regular intake of alcoholic beverages. A growing body gets used to beer many times faster than an adult, so children need to be closely monitored.

Parents should be alert for symptoms such as:

• Closure.
• Decreased performance.
• The appearance of irritability.
• Deception.
• Late festivities.
• Escape from family problems.

Important: 99% of drug addicts started their drug "career" with cigarettes and beer.

If these signs are found, it is urgent to take the child to a drug treatment clinic.

Dangerous consequences of beer alcoholism

If you regularly use a "soft" drink, then the body will definitely fail. After all, beer contains alcohol toxins (if you drink a lot of beer, then toxins also come in dangerous amounts) and harmful compounds that significantly impair metabolic processes and functions of all vital systems and organs:

Heart

First of all, the heart suffers. The German professor Boliger called the heart of beer lovers "bull", as its walls thicken significantly, the cavities expand, and cells in the heart muscle die. The culprit of this pathology is cobalt, which is used as a foam stabilizer. The content in the heart of this element in people who abuse beer is 10 times higher than the norm. The same element causes inflammation in the stomach and esophagus. Violates the work of the heart and carbon dioxide, which is contained in beer in large quantities. Beer, getting into the body, overflows the vessels of the circulatory system. The result is an expansion of the boundaries of the heart and. In people who abuse the foamy drink, there is a syndrome of "kapron stocking". At the same time, the heart sags, increases in size, becomes flabby and copes very poorly with the function of the “pump” (pumps blood).

Endocrine system

Toxic substances contained in beer disrupt the endocrine system. With its regular use, a substance is released that inhibits).

• In men who drink beer, fat reserves begin to be deposited according to the female type: on the sides, hips, the pelvis increases. In addition, beer significantly weakens interest in the fair sex. For 15 years of drinking a drink made from hops.
• If a woman drinks beer, then her voice becomes rough, as well as cancer. Breastfeeding mothers raise children with a high predisposition to epilepsy.

Liver

Doctors have found that people who systematically consume beer are often diagnosed with an enlarged liver, which further leads to the development of cirrhosis.

Brain

Beer kills brain cells. They enter the bloodstream, are filtered by the kidneys and are removed from the body along with urine.

Other organs and systems

A person who drinks beer develops diseases such as gastritis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, hypertension, neuropathy, auditory and visual analyzers are affected. With beer alcoholism, hyponatremia and lactic acidosis develop. Alcoholics enter medical institutions in a very neglected state, with severe dementia.

Stages of development of beer alcoholism

Dependence on beer is divided into stages:

1. A mild form of addiction. It is not able to notice neither the immediate environment of the drinker, nor he himself. A person randomly takes beer first on holidays, then with colleagues, friends (not every day) several times a week. This ends with the daily use of 1 - 2 bottles of foamy drink.

2. In the next stage, a person becomes irritable, aggressive, and there are problems with relaxation. Beer alcoholics drink daily, although they don't drink themselves out of control. The dose of the drink you drink can be very large (up to 15 liters of beer per day). At this stage, the urgent help of a narcologist is needed.

Causes of addiction

When preparing a foamy drink, hops are used. This plant is the closest relative of hemp (they can be crossed and get hybrids). Everyone knows that cannabis is a drug, just like hashish and marijuana. Naturally, hops also contain narcotic substances, only in smaller quantities, and ethyl alcohol can be classified as a potent drug. Therefore, beer alcoholism is formed quickly and almost imperceptibly. Narcologists say that an unhealthy addiction appears even to non-alcoholic beer, worse, alcoholics experience symptoms of drug withdrawal.

Treatment of beer alcoholism

Many people are interested in the question: "How to get rid of beer alcoholism?"

First, you need to remember that if you refuse to use a harmful drink, it will never be possible to resume drinking! Since it is disturbed in the brain, the normal reaction to alcohol-containing drinks will also never be restored. The slightest use of them will surely lead to a breakdown. Even refraining from drinking for decades does not guarantee that a person will be able to drink culturally. As they say, there are no former alcoholics.

The complexity of beer alcoholism is that addiction to beer is much stronger than to vodka. And if a person stops drinking, then you have to go to the end.

Alcoholism requires a long and persistent treatment. It is necessary that the patient himself admit his addiction to beer and wish to be cured, since compulsory treatment of beer alcoholism is completely useless.

There are several methods of curing the disease:

• Hypnosis.
• laser coding.
• Medications.
• With the help of folk remedies.

First of all, the alcoholic must be taken out of binge and the consequences of alcohol intoxication must be eliminated, and then the unhealthy addiction to it must be suppressed.

Prevention of beer alcoholism

1. Formation among the population of the opinion that alcohol can cause great harm to health. It is necessary to conduct explanatory conversations with adolescents, both parents and teachers.

2. Providing people with normal social conditions. For example, children raised in dysfunctional families are more likely to develop beer addiction.

3. The state plays a huge role in the prevention of alcoholism. The adoption of the necessary laws, of course, will be able to regulate the situation with alcoholic beverages in the country. For example, a ban on advertising of this drink helped to significantly reduce the consumption of beer.

It is important: The most effective method of combating alcoholism is its prevention. It is much easier to prevent a disease than to treat it.

You must be aware that beer alcoholism is a great danger to people. After all, beer is a drug. And it is very easy to fall into his trap, especially for teenagers, when everyone around is drinking a foamy drink like water. And for many young people, this behavior is a lifestyle. Starting to drink beer is easy, because it is sold on every corner. But getting rid of the consequences of its use is very difficult. But if problems have already arisen, you need to stop immediately, if not by yourself, then with the help of a doctor.

To date, beer is the most common drink that has a weak concentration of alcohol. It is generally accepted that beer is revered only by men who, drinking this drink, thus have a rest after working days. But more and more often you can see women who abuse this intoxicating drink, not thinking about the irreversible consequences that can result from drinking large amounts of beer. Since ancient times, the beer drink has been used exclusively for medicinal purposes, but many years later, because of this drink, the number of people drinking beer is growing all over the world.

Its special feature is that everyone who drinks beer does not recognize it as an addiction, which is why beer alcoholism is so common.

Why beer is bad for men

Today, almost every man cannot imagine relaxing with friends or watching a football match without this intoxicating drink. Yes, and just a can of beer in front of the TV every day is considered acceptable, but under this lies a lot of negative consequences, they can be:

• One of the most important factors is the dependence on beer, which can lead to the negative effects of alcohol on the human body. In connection with the abuse of beer in large quantities, the consequence may be hormonal changes in the body. This is due to the fact that the beer drink contains a large amount of female hormones of phytoestrogens, produced by a combination of malt and hop "knobs" that can suppress male testosterone;
• The consequence of such suppression can be such consequences as obesity according to the type of a female figure, hence the “beer belly” arises, and most importantly, with the use of a large and constant amount of beer, the male function gradually weakens. The result can be impotence, and the risk of having healthy children also increases significantly;
• An excess of the female hormone also leads to the fact that hormonal changes occur in the male body. This is manifested in the fact that men begin to be more prone to the bitchiness characteristic of women, they can significantly increase their breasts and even appear cellulite. The consequence of the predominance of these hormones can also affect the behavior of men in the body, feminine qualities begin to predominate and quite often their voice timbre changes, it becomes higher.

In addition, the predominance of the female hormone in the body of a man not only affects sexual function, but it also has a very large effect on the cardiovascular system, which can lead to a heart attack.

What harm does the abuse of beer bring to women

Every year the number of women drinking beer is increasing, but for the most part, none of them fully understand what the consequences may be in the future. The body of a woman is very fragile with a very complex structure, which is aimed at giving birth to healthy children.
The negative consequences that can occur if you abuse beer:

• The use of a beer drink negatively affects the reproductive function. The phytoestrogens found in beer significantly increase the amount of female hormones in the body. The consequence of this may be that women become aggressive as a result of overexcitability in this state are very often subject to the occurrence of promiscuity;
• But still, the main negative consequence is that women who consume a large amount of beer drink expose their future children to the risk of being born with all sorts of pathologies and abnormalities. And also this low-alcohol drink can lead to the emergence of various diseases directly related to reproductive function and the result in such cases may be infertility or pathological miscarriage of the fetus;
• Even if a woman who has been drinking a foamy drink for such a long time manages to get pregnant, then there is a very high risk of giving birth to a child with a pathology. Very often, children born to mothers and fathers who drank beer from a very young age are already addicted to this drink.

Such internal changes go unnoticed and become clear as a result, but outwardly this is very significant. This often affects the condition of the skin of the face, it becomes more wrinkled and the aging process occurs much earlier. As well as complete apathy and irritability, aggressiveness - these are all external signs of alcohol addiction.

How does beer alcoholism affect the body as a whole?

The detrimental effect of beer on the body, whether a man or a woman, can also lead to general negative consequences. First of all, beer negatively affects the functioning of the brain. This is due to the fact that the presence of alcohol in beer promotes agglutination of red blood cells, which can lead to the formation of blood clots. This process contributes to the death of nerve cells, because due to clogging of neurons, they cannot receive the required amount of oxygen.

But what is characteristic is that this process of neuron death exposes a person to euphoria while drinking alcoholic beverages, but “retribution” comes as a consequence of short-term bliss, which is why a headache very often in the morning.

The body, having come in the morning, begins to actively recover a little, and for this it is necessary to use all the organs in order to remove the consequences of drinking from the body. Therefore, the kidneys and liver begin to work in an enhanced mode at this particular time they are placed under a huge burden, which requires huge costs.

The very frequent use of an intoxicating drink exposes these vital organs to exhaustion and wear, which can lead to serious diseases. During the period of purification of the body from alcohol intoxication, the kidneys, liver and brain require a large amount of water. And as a result of the fact that while drinking beer, the excretion of water increases, the next morning there is mainly a general malaise and a very headache. Due to the lack of moisture, the “cleansing” organs have to look for water throughout the body, so with a hangover you always want water.

Due to the fact that certain organs are subjected to a huge load, this is all displayed on the heart. Due to constant stress during the recovery process, the heart begins to increase, it depends on the amount drunk, because the more alcohol, the longer it will take to remove it. In this case, the heart needs more volume to support vital organs. But as a result of constant overload, the enlarged heart can stop due to the fact that it will not be able to pump such an amount of blood throughout the body. Such a toxic component as cobalt, a stabilizer used to fix beer foam, also has a very negative effect on the heart.

Each time you drink beer, the amount of this substance increases, because it tends to accumulate in the body and this can lead to cardiac arrest.

Beer is one of the oldest alcoholic beverages. The people's love for him is so great that his fans are ready to turn a blind eye to all the warnings of doctors. Of course, everything is good in moderation and a mug of beer in good company will not bring harm. Moreover, the drink also has some positive qualities that are also known.

In ancient times, it was believed that the drink improves appetite, improves health, and helps to heal certain ailments. For example, doctors of medieval Europe recommended drinking it when the body was depleted, for the treatment of kidneys and bladder. It has been credited with improving sleep, and treating asthma and skin conditions. However, today's preparation of a foamy drink, its composition, is significantly different from old recipes. Therefore, doctors question its benefits.

Many fans of the foamy drink will be interested to know about its positive and negative effects on the body when it comes to daily beer consumption. This is what our conversation will be about today.

What is the benefit?

Some experts argue that with moderate use, the metabolism is accelerated, cell rejuvenation occurs. People who regularly drink small amounts age much more slowly than those who do not drink at all. Gerontologists advise for this to drink one small mug of "live" beer per day.

The drink quenches thirst well, due to the presence of minerals and carbon dioxide. It expands the capillary vessels of the digestive system, which contributes to the accelerated flow of fluid into the blood.

The drink is often poured on hot stones in the bath, making the steam healing and beneficial for the condition of the skin and hair, and also has a healing effect on the entire body. Women often use it in the preparation of masks and creams, which helps to smooth out wrinkles.

To do this, the yolk of a chicken egg is beaten in beer, and then the resulting mixture is applied to the face, neck, and décolleté.

It helps get rid of colds. To do this, in a mug of dark, slightly warmed beer, stir a spoonful of honey, a pinch of cinnamon. The mixture is drunk before bedtime. In the morning, the symptoms of a cold disappear.

Women use it to style their hair. Even our great-grandmothers gave curls elasticity when they twisted curlers on their hair soaked in beer. Many people prepare homemade shampoos based on it, which have the same effect as conditioners.

Well, if clean hair is moistened with beer and dried, healthy shine and elasticity will return to them again, and their loss will stop.

What are the dangers of drinking beer?

Contrary to the belief of many fans of this drink, it is not at all a harmless low-alcohol drink. Narcologists, exploring the problem of alcoholism, argue that among alcoholic beverages there are no harmless ones.

Uncontrolled drinking of beer every day overloads the venous bed and the heart. As a result, the heart muscle becomes flabby, does not cope well with its function. Other internal organs and systems also suffer from this.

After drinking two large mugs, the body begins to produce a substance that suppresses the main male hormone testosterone. Instead, female hormones are actively produced. In addition, plant hormones phytoestrogens, similar to women's, enter the human body from hops.

This has a very negative effect on men. After several years of regular use of an intoxicating drink, their figure acquires femininity: the body becomes rounded, the mammary glands increase, the timbre of the voice becomes higher.

In addition, the drink causes an increased appetite, forcing a person to eat more than necessary, which often provokes the development of obesity.

Also, one should not forget that beer is a product of fermentation, due to which the destructive effect of alcohol on the body is multiplied. With one jar or bottle of beer, the body receives an increased dose of fusel oils, aldehydes, esters and methanol.

As you and I know, any alcohol quickly or slowly destroys brain cells. One serving of beer is the cause of the destruction of several thousand cells. And this is the very first harm of drinking beer that every beer lover faces. This is especially dangerous in adolescence, because the detrimental changes in young people and girls occur much faster than in adults.

Narcologists around the world warn that beer alcoholism develops many times faster than vodka. But addiction develops imperceptibly for a person. Therefore, often without noticing how it happened, a person becomes a real alcoholic and needs treatment. But the treatment of beer alcoholism is much more difficult.

Harmless drinking of beer

1 liter of drink with a strength of 3-5% contains about 40 g of ethanol alcohol. This is the limit that a person can consume per day. But it’s better to limit yourself to one half-liter bottle of beer. It is this amount that is not dangerous for your health and will not cause pathological changes in the body. Be healthy!

Svetlana, www.site

Usually, at the bottom of beer advertisements there is an inscription (sometimes almost imperceptible) - "excessive drinking of beer is harmful to your health." But the meaning of the word "excessive" everyone perceives in their own way. In addition, it is widely believed that this drink is healthy and cannot be addictive, because it is low-alcohol.

The benefits of beer are justified by the use of barley for its manufacture, which contains many useful elements. Nevertheless, the frequent use of beer harms various organs and systems of the body.

Effects of beer on individual organs

A foamy drink has the strongest negative effect on the heart. Daily consumption of beer leads to an increase in its size, while blood circulation worsens. Doctors call this change "bovine heart syndrome", which can lead to heart failure and the occurrence of coronary heart disease.

Cobalt is used as a foam stabilizer in beer production. In people who abuse beer, its content in the body can exceed the norm by 10 times. It is cobalt that causes a violation of cardiac activity. Along with carbon dioxide, it also has a destructive effect on the functioning of the esophagus and stomach.

The detrimental effect of beer on the stomach is also due to its fermentation properties. Constantly irritating the mucous membrane of the organ, it provokes an abundant secretion of gastric juice. As a result, this function is inhibited, and the work of the digestive tract becomes defective. There is a risk of developing chronic gastritis.

Frequent drinking of beer can also affect the condition of the liver. Its harm is comparable to the effect of stronger alcoholic beverages. Medical experts say that in 80% of beer-dependent people, a weekly consumption of 10 liters of beer leads to liver diseases, including such severe ones as cirrhosis. Working to neutralize the effect of beer on the body, the liver performs its other functions worse.

The impact of this drink on the kidneys was experienced by everyone who drinks it in large quantities. After its use, the desire to empty the bladder arises very quickly. Under the influence of beer, the normal acid-base balance in the body is disturbed, and the kidneys begin to work much more intensively to restore it.

There is increased urination (polyuria), which indicates the dangers of drinking beer for the kidneys. With such loads, there is a risk of hemorrhage in the kidneys. Frequent use of the drink also loads the pancreas, a decrease in its functionality leads to disruption of metabolic processes.

Harm of beer for the male and female body

What threatens beer addiction to a man? The hops used in brewing technology contain the hormone phytoestrogen, which is the female sex organ analogue of progesterone. Phytoestrogen inhibits the synthesis of the male hormone testosterone. In this case, a hormonal imbalance occurs, the work of the endocrine system is disrupted.

This can affect the appearance of a man. Exposure to phytoestrogen can manifest itself with the following symptoms:

• hair loss on the body;
• decrease in muscle mass;
• increase in body fat (beer belly);
• increase in the timbre of the voice;
• decreased sexual activity.

In the future, fatal personality changes can occur:

• fading of emotions;
• change in motor functions;
• memory loss and distraction.

In addition to the listed facts of impact on health, it can lead to a narrowing of the horizon, lack of personal interests and degradation.

The effect of drunk beer on potency is ambiguous and depends on the individual characteristics of libido. But usually a small amount of a drink liberates a man. Excessive use leads to sexual weakness.

The weakening of the reproduction of testosterone (androgen deficiency) also affects the possibility of conception in men.

The effect of hops on the female body has been known for a long time. Many women have experienced bleeding outside their menstrual cycle while harvesting hops. Increased sexual desire with a high level of female sex hormones causes a desire for dominance and brings disharmony into marital relations. Excessive production of phytoestrogen disrupts the menstrual cycle, interferes with the normal functioning of the reproductive system, and can lead to infertility.

Myths about the benefits of beer

Beer fans claim that beer is a traditional drink that has been consumed since ancient times. Indeed, this drink was drunk in ancient times and its creators are unknown. But the process of its production was fundamentally different from the modern one.

Over time, the technology of brewing has undergone significant changes. And now beer has a completely different composition, color and affects human physiology in a different way. If once this drink was used to treat certain ailments, then in the conditions of gross production and the use of modern technologies, one cannot count on the healing properties of the product.

Undoubtedly, the presence of certain useful substances and elements in beer can positively affect the functioning of individual organs or body systems. But systematic use will negate the positive impact.

The raw material for the production of beer is malt. When it is processed, mineral compounds are formed in the drink - potassium, calcium, phosphorus ions, etc., which in certain cases can benefit health. But potassium ions have the highest concentration, which leads to increased urination, removal of chlorine and sodium by the kidneys and demineralization of the body. Therefore, when drinking beer, you are drawn to salty foods.

The presence of a large amount of vitamin B in malt is undeniable, but during the production of the drink, its concentration is significantly reduced. Claims about the harmlessness of beer are based on the low content of alcohol in it. But to consider its impact as a separate group from other alcoholic beverages is stupid. Any dose of ethyl alcohol with a systematic effect on the body will eventually affect health. It is necessary to use common sense not to take stereotypes and myths about the medicinal properties of beer seriously and not to trust advertising tricks.

The problem of beer alcoholism and its causes

Many do not think about why they are drawn to this drink and what it leads to drinking in large quantities. Accessibility and beautiful advertising makes it an attribute of a "good company". But such a problem as beer alcoholism is becoming more common. According to doctors, it differs from vodka addiction by 4 times more addiction. Due to the pleasant taste and saturation with carbon dioxide, the body does not react so aggressively to its presence.

The previously mentioned component of brewing technology, hops, is a “relative” of hemp in the plant kingdom. Hybrids are obtained by crossing these plants. In a small amount, it also contains narcotic substances, and ethyl alcohol can be attributed to this category of substances. Therefore, dependence on beer is formed quickly and almost imperceptibly. According to narcologists, addiction can even form from non-alcoholic beer, and from brands with a high alcohol content, beer alcoholism can cause symptoms of drug withdrawal.

Hop extract has a bitter taste due to its psychoactive components. They have a hallucinogenic, hypnotic and sedative effect on a person. The latter, coupled with the effect of intoxication, leads to the development of beer alcoholism.

An addicted person can no longer imagine a good rest and relaxation without drinking beer. The biochemical processes of the body are tuned to its presence. In addition, the consequences of excessive drinking of beer do not cause concern for both the drinker and his relatives. This is the insidiousness of beer alcoholism.

More recently, substances such as cadaverine and histamine have been discovered in beer. Cadaverine belongs to the group of cadaveric poisons. Their concentration in the composition of the drink is small, but being destroyed in the intestines, they increase the headache in a hangover state.

Until recently, researchers were not closely interested in the effects of beer on the human body. But with the spread of such a phenomenon as beer alcoholism, more attention began to be paid to the harmful effects of the drink. Now it can be unequivocally argued that beer in any quantities harms the human body.

Thanks for the feedback

Comments

Megan92 () 2 weeks ago

Has anyone managed to save her husband from alcoholism? Mine drinks without drying up, I don’t know what to do ((I thought of getting a divorce, but I don’t want to leave the child without a father, and I feel sorry for my husband, he’s a great person when he doesn’t drink

Daria () 2 weeks ago

I have already tried so many things and only after reading this article, I managed to wean my husband from alcohol, now he doesn’t drink at all, even on holidays.

Megan92 () 13 days ago

Daria () 12 days ago

Megan92, so I wrote in my first comment) I will duplicate it just in case - link to article.

Sonya 10 days ago

Isn't this a divorce? Why sell online?

Yulek26 (Tver) 10 days ago

Sonya, what country do you live in? They sell on the Internet, because shops and pharmacies set their markup brutal. In addition, payment is only after receipt, that is, they first looked, checked and only then paid. And now everything is sold on the Internet - from clothes to TVs and furniture.

Editorial response 10 days ago

Sonya, hello. This drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence is indeed not sold through the pharmacy chain and retail stores in order to avoid overpricing. Currently, you can only order official website. Be healthy!

Sonya 10 days ago

Sorry, I didn't notice at first the information about the cash on delivery. Then everything is in order for sure, if the payment is upon receipt.

Margo (Ulyanovsk) 8 days ago

Has anyone tried folk methods to get rid of alcoholism? My father drinks, I can not influence him in any way ((

Andrey () A week ago